The Islamic Work Ethic in Arabia

REFERENCES

• Abboushi , S. 1990 . The impact of individual variables on the work values of Palestinian Arabs . International Studies of Management and Organization , 20 ( 3 ) : 53 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad , K. 1976 . Islam: Its meaning and message. London : Islamic Council of Europe. .
   Google Scholar
• Aldag , R. and Brief , A. 1975 . Some correlates of work values . Journal of Applied Psychology , 601 ( 6 ) : 757 – 760 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hegelan , A. and Palmer , M. 1985 . Bureaucracy and development in Saudi Arabia . Middle Eastern Journal , 39 Winter : 48 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , A. 1986 . Labor immigration in the Arab Gulf states: Patterns, trends and problems . International Migration , 24 ( 3 ) : 675 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , A. 1988 . Scaling an Islamic work ethic . Journal of Social Psychology , 128 ( 5 ) : 575 – 583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , A. 1989 . “ A comparative study of managerial beliefs about work in the Arab state. ” . In Advances in international comparative management Edited by: Prasad , B. Vol. 4 , 95 – 112 . Greenwich , CT : JAI Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , A. 1990 . Management theory in a transitional society: The Arab's experience . International Studies of Management and Organization , 20 ( 3 ) : 7 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , A. and Al-Shakhis , M. 1990 . Multinationals and the host Arab society . Leadership and Organizational Development , 11 ( 5 ) : 17 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , A. , Al-Shakhis , M. and Nataraj , S. 1991 . Work centrality and individualism: A cross-national perspective . International Journal of Manpower , 12 ( 1 ) : 30 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. 1989 . Nahjul Balagah Edited by: Ebeid , F. Beirut : Dar Al-Kitab Al-lubnani. .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Kuwari , A. 1985 . Nahwa Isrategiea Badela Litanmeia Shamnela [Toward an alternative strategy for development] Beirut : Center for Arab Unity Studies. .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Naqaib , K. 1991 . Permanent environmental forces and the catastrophe of the gulf war . The Arab Future , 148 ( 6 ) : 27 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Nimir , S. and Palmer , M. 1982 . Bureaucracy and development in Saudi Arabia . Public Administration and Development , 2 : 93 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball , D. and McCulloch , W. 1985 . International business. Plano , TX : Business Publications. .
   Google Scholar
• Barakat , H. 1984 . Al-Mujtama Al-Arabi Al-Muasir [Contemporary Arab society] Beirut : Center for Arab Unity Studies. .
   Google Scholar
• Berque , J. 1991 . Al-Mujtama Al-Arabi Faqud towazinahi [The Arab society lost its equilibrium] . Al-Farsan , : 116 – 117 . No. 722
   Google Scholar
• Buchholz , R. 1978 . An empirical study of contemporary beliefs about work in American society . Journal of Applied Psychology , 63 ( 2 ) : 219 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blood , M. 1969 . Work values and job satisfaction . Journal of Applied Psychology , 53 ( 6 ) : 456 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , C. , Schields , M. and Chan , Y. 1991 . The effects of management controls and national culture on manufacturing performance . Accounting, Organizations and Society , 16 ( 3 ) : 209 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Congleton , R. 1991 . The economic role of a work ethic . Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , 15 ( 3 ) : 365 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalo , B. 1985 . Mushama Fe eadit Katabit Al-taryk Al-Arabi [A contribution in rewriting Arab-Islamic history] Beirut : Dar Al-Farabi. .
   Google Scholar
• Farag , S. 1990 . Understanding Arabs [Book review] . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 21 ( 1 ) : 125 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fodor , G. 1990 . Attitudes anchor harbor sales . Industrial Distribution , 79 ( 6 ) : 20 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Franke , R. , Hofstede , G. and Bond , M. 1991 . Cultural roots of economic performance: A research note . Strategic Management Journal , 12 Summer : 165 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumham , A. 1982 . The Protestant Work Ethic and attitudes toward unemployment . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 55 : 277 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. 1984 . The Protestant Work Ethic: A review of the psychological literature . European Journal of Social Psychology , 14 : 87 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. 1991 . The Protestant Work Ethic in Barbados . Journal of Social Psychology , 131 : 29 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. and Bland , K. 1982 . The Protestant Work Ethic and conservatism . Personality and Individual Differences , 3 : 205 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. and Muhuldeen , C. 1984 . The Protestant Work Ethic in Britain and Malaysia . Journal of Social Psychology , 122 : 157 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , B. and Eichhom , R. 1961 . The changing Protestant ethic . American Sociological Review , 26 ( 2 ) : 557 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy , E. 1990 . Back to basics for U.S. manufacturing . Chief Executives , 56 : 36 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Hitti , P. 1990 . The Arabs: A short history. Washington , DC : Regnery Gateway. .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills : Sage. .
   Google Scholar
• Huat , T. 1989 . Confucianism and nation building in Singapore . International Journal of Social Economics , 16 ( 8 ) : 5 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izeeddin , N. 1953 . The Arab world. Chicago : Henry Regnery. .
   Google Scholar
• Jasim , A. 1987 . Taamlyt Fi Al-Haderh Wa Al-Agtrab [Studies in culture and alienations] Beirut : Dar Alandls. .
   Google Scholar
• Kristal , I. 1991 . After the war, what? . Wall Street Journal , Feb. 22 : A8
   Google Scholar
• Lipset , S. 1990 . The work ethic—then and now . Public Interest , 98 : 61 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• McClelland , D. 1961 . The achieving society. New York : Free Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J. 1967 . Psychometric theory. New York : McGraw-Hill. .
   Google Scholar
• Prestowitz , C. 1989 . Big versus little . Business Month , 133 ( 4 ) : 58 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Randall , D. and Cote , J. 1991 . Interrelationships of work commitment constructs . Work and Occupations , 18 ( 2 ) : 194 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis , H. , Bontempo , R. , Villareal , M. , Asai , M. and Lucca , N. 1988 . Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 ( 2 ) : 323 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , B. 1981 . Weber on Islam. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul. .
   Google Scholar
• Wittenberg-Cox , A. 1990 . Technology: France's age of reason . International Management , 45 ( 8 ) : 52 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Yasin , M. and Stahl , M. 1990 . An empirical investigation of managerial motivational effectiveness in the Arab culture . International Studies of Management and Organization , 20 ( 3 ) : 69 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Yergin , D. 1991 . The prize: The epic quest for oil, money and power. New York : Simon and Schuster. .
   Google Scholar