“When It's Just Me at Home, It Hits Me That I'm Completely Alone”: An Online Survey of Adolescents in Self-Care

REFERENCES

• Al-Yagon , M. and Mikulincer , M. 2004 . Socioemotional and academic adjustment among children with learning disorders: The mediational role of attachment-based factors . Journal of Special Education , 38 ( 2 ) : 111 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard , A. 1980 . Sex roles among the Nharo Bushmen of Botswana . Africa: Journal of the International African Institute , 50 ( 2 ) : 115 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baskin , T. W. , Wampold , B. E. , Quintana , S. M. and Enright , R. D. 2010 . Belongingness as a protective factor against loneliness and potential depression in a multicultural middle school . Counseling Psychologist , 38 ( 5 ) : 626 – 651 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauminger , N. , Shulman , C. and Agam , G. 2003 . Peer interaction and loneliness in high-functioning children with autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 33 ( 5 ) : 489 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besevegis , E. and Galanaki , E. P. 2010 . Coping with loneliness in childhood . European Journal of Developmental Psychology , 7 ( 6 ) : 653 – 673 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonetti , L. , Campbell , M. A. and Gilmore , L. 2010 . The relationship of loneliness and social anxiety with children's and adolescents' online communication . Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 13 ( 3 ) : 279 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brage , D. , Meredith , W. M. and Woodward , J. 1993 . Correlates of loneliness among Midwestern adolescents . Adolescence , 28 ( 111 ) : 685 – 693 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brinton , B. and Fujiki , M. 1999 . Social interactional behaviors of children with specific language impairment . Topics in Language Disorders , 19 ( 2 ) : 49 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , T. L. , Harris , S. K. , Thrall , J. S. and Woods , E. R. 2002 . Association of adolescent risk behaviors with mental health symptoms in high school students . Journal of Adolescent Health , 31 ( 3 ) : 240 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchholz , E. S. and Catton , R. 1999 . Adolescents' perceptions of aloneness and loneliness . Adolescence , 34 ( 133 ) : 203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burns , J. M. , Durkin , L. A. and Nicholas , J. 2009 . Mental health of young people in the United States: What role can the Internet play in reducing stigma and promoting help seeking? . Journal of Adolescent Health , 45 ( 1 ) : 95 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capote , T. Quotes by Truman Capote. Retrieved from http://www.quotesarchive.com/authors/c/truman-capote/quotes/page-2
   Google Scholar
• Carter , M. A. 2000 . Abiding loneliness. An existential perspective on loneliness . Second Opinion , 3 : 37 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , X. , He , Y. , Oliveira , A. M. D. , Coco , A. L. , Zappulla , C. and Kaspar , V. 2004 . Loneliness and social adaptation in Brazilian, Canadian, Chinese and Italian children: A multi-national comparative study . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45 ( 8 ) : 1373 – 1384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , D. and Iso-Ahola , S. E. 1993 . Leisure and health: The role of social support and self-determination . Journal of Leisure Research , 25 : 111 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , J. M. , Mcham , L. A. and Minnett , A. M. 1992 . Similarities in the social competences of learning-disabled and low achieving elementary-school-children . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 25 ( 10 ) : 671 – 677 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell , M. J. , Pettit , G. S. , Meece , D. , Bates , J. E. and Dodge , K. A. 2001 . Cumulative risk and continuity in nonparental care from infancy to early adolescence . Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , 47 ( 2 ) : 207 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsano , P. , Majorano , M. and Champretavy , L. 2006 . Psychological well-being in adolescence: The contribution of interpersonal relations and experience of being alone . Adolescence , 41 ( 162 ) : 341 – 353 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cui , S. , Cheng , Y. , Xu , Z. , Chen , D. and Wang , Y. 2011 . Peer relationships and suicide ideation and attempts among Chinese adolescents . Child: Care, Health and Development , 37 ( 5 ) : 692 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins , H. 2009 . Rural children's perceptions of life on the land in Southwestern Ontario . Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien , 53 ( 1 ) : 63 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Minzi , M. A. C. R. 2006 . Loneliness and depression in middle and late childhood: The relationship to attachment and parental styles . Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development , 167 ( 2 ) : 189 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doman , L. C. H. and Roux , A. 2010 . The causes of loneliness and the factors that contribute towards it: A literature review . Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe , 50 ( 2 ) : 216 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanaki , E. 2004 . Are children able to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude? . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 28 ( 5 ) : 435 – 443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Lande , J. A. , Eisenberg , M. E. , Christenson , S. L. and Neumark-Sztainer , D. 2007 . Social isolation, psychological health, and protective factors in adolescence . Adolescence , 42 ( 166 ) : 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurt , E. A. , Hoza , B. and Pelham , W. E. 2007 . Parenting, family loneliness, and peer functioning in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 35 ( 4 ) : 543 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hymel , S. , Tarulli , D. , Hayden Thomson , L. and Terrell-Deutsch , B. 1999 . “ Loneliness through the eyes of children ” . In Loneliness in childhood and adolescence , Edited by: Rotenberg , K. J. and Hymel , S. 80 – 106 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaluger , G. and Martin , R. 1960 . The loneliness of the gifted-child . Elementary School Journal , 61 ( 3 ) : 127 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminsky , L. and Dewey , D. 2002 . Psychosocial adjustment in siblings of children with autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , 43 ( 2 ) : 225 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , S. B. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA . “The best thing is I can eat as many cookies as I want”: Children's views of self-care during the after-school hours ,
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , S. B. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada . Children's views of self-care: Concepts of autonomy and risk , Retrieved from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p104117_index.html
   Google Scholar
• Kealey , K. A. , Ludman , E. J. , Marek , P. M. , Mann , S. L. , Bricker , J. B. and Peterson , A. V. 2009 . Design and Implementation of an effective telephone counseling intervention for adolescent smoking cessation . Journal of the National Cancer Institute , 101 ( 20 ) : 1393 – 1405 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelleci , M. and İnal , S. 2010 . Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet use: Comparison without Internet use . Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 13 ( 2 ) : 191 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd , S. A. 2007 . Youth homelessness and social stigma . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 36 ( 3 ) : 291 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , J. , LaRose , R. and Peng , W. 2009 . Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being . CyberPsychology & Behavior , 12 ( 4 ) : 451 – 455 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirova , A. 2004 . Lonely or bored: Children's lived experiences reveal the difference . Interchange , 35 ( 2 ) : 243 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Klarin , M. 2004 . The role of peer's social support and peer's relationships in preadolescents' and adolescents' loneliness . Drustvena Istrazivanja , 13 ( 6 ) : 1081 – 1097 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblinsky , S. A. and Todd , C. M. 1989 . Teaching self-care skills to latchkey children: A review of research . Family Relations , 38 ( 4 ) : 431 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause-Parello , C. A. 2008 . Loneliness in the school setting . Journal of School Nursing , 24 ( 2 ) : 66 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. , Patterson , M. , Lundmark , V. , Kiesler , S. , Mukophadhyay , T. and Scherlis , W. 1998 . Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? . American Psychologist , 53 ( 9 ) : 1017 – 1031 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackaye , T. , Margalit , M. , Ziv , O. and Ziman , T. 2006 . Comparisons of self-efficacy, mood, effort, and hope between students with learning disabilities and their non-LD-matched peers . Learning Disabilities Research & Practice , 21 ( 2 ) : 111 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Lam , L. T. , Peng , Z. , Mai , J. and Jing , J. 2009 . The association between Internet addiction and self-injurious behaviour among adolescents . Injury Prevention , 15 : 403 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , R. W. 1990 . The solitary side of life: An examination of the time people spend alone from childhood to old age . Developmental Review , 10 ( 2 ) : 155 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , R. W. 1997 . The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in early adolescence . Child Development , 68 ( 1 ) : 80 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latz , S. , Wolf , A. W. and Lozoff , B. 1999 . Cosleeping in context: Sleep practices and problems in young children in Japan and the United States . Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 153 ( 4 ) : 339 – 346 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau , S. , Chan , D. W. K. and Lau , P. S. Y. 1999 . Facets of loneliness and depression among Chinese children and adolescents . Journal of Social Psychology , 139 ( 6 ) : 713 – 729 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon , N. E. , Yarcheski , A. , Yarcheski , T. J. , Cannella , B. L. and Hanks , M. M. 2006 . A meta-analytic study of predictors for loneliness during adolescence . Nursing Research , 55 ( 5 ) : 308 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalit , M. 2010 . Lonely children and adolescents: Self-perceptions, social exclusion, and hope , New York: Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Mériaux , B. G. , Berg , M. and Hellström , A.-L. 2010 . Everyday experiences of life, body and well-being in children with overweight . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences , 24 ( 1 ) : 14 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody , K. , Meyer , M. , Mancuso , C. A. , Charlson , M. and Robbins , L. 2006 . Exploring concerns of children with cancer . Supportive Care in Cancer , 14 ( 9 ) : 960 – 966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , D. and Schultz , N. R. 1983 . Loneliness at adolescence: Correlates, attributions, and coping . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 12 ( 2 ) : 95 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Most , T. 2007 . Speech intelligibility, loneliness, and sense of coherence among deaf and hard-of-hearing children in individual inclusion and group inclusion . Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education , 12 ( 4 ) : 495 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustakas , C. E. 1972 . Loneliness and love , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Park , S. 2009 . The association between Internet use and depressive symptoms among South Korean adolescents . Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing , 14 ( 4 ) : 230 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , M. Q. 1990 . Qualitative evaluation and research methods , 2nd ed. , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pope , A. W. and Ward , J. 1997 . Factors associated with peer social competence in pre- adolescents with craniofacial anomalies . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 22 ( 4 ) : 455 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potthoff , H. H. 1976 . Loneliness: Understanding and dealing with it , Nashville, TN : Abingdon .
   Google Scholar
• Poulsen , A. A. , Ziviani , J. M. , Cuskelly , M. and Smith , R. 2007 . Boys with developmental coordination disorder: Loneliness and team sports participation . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 61 ( 4 ) : 451 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen , A. A. , Ziviani , J. M. , Johnson , H. and Cuskelly , M. 2008 . Loneliness and life satisfaction of boys with developmental coordination disorder: The impact of leisure participation and perceived freedom in leisure . Human Movement Science , 27 ( 2 ) : 325 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qualter , P. 2003 . Loneliness in children and adolescents: What do schools and teachers need to know and how can they help? . Pastoral Care in Education , 21 ( 2 ) : 10 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Qualter , P. , Brown , S. L. , Munn , P. and Rotenberg , K. J. 2010 . Childhood loneliness as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms: An 8-year longitudinal study . European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 19 ( 6 ) : 493 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rew , L. 2000 . Friends and pets as companions: Strategies for coping with loneliness among homeless youth . Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing , 13 ( 3 ) : 125 – 132 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rokach , A. , Bauer , N. and Orzeck , T. 2003 . The experience of loneliness of Canadian and Czech youth . Journal of Adolescence , 26 ( 3 ) : 267 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokach , A. and Neto , F. 2000 . Coping with loneliness in adolescence: A cross-cultural study . Social Behavior and Personality , 28 ( 4 ) : 329 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokach , A. , Orzeck , T. , Moya , M. C. and Expósito , F. 2002 . Causes of loneliness in North America and Spain . European Psychologist , 7 ( 1 ) : 70 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , J. A. 1965 . The puberty ceremony of the Chimbu girl in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea . Anthropos , 60 ( 1–6 ) : 423 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Casares , M. and Heymann , J. 2009 . Children home alone unsupervised: Modeling parental decisions and associated factors in Botswana, Mexico, and Vietnam . Child Abuse and Neglect , 33 ( 5 ) : 312 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Casares , M. and Rousseau , C. 2010 . Between freedom and fear: Children's views on home alone . British Journal of Social Work , 40 : 2560 – 2577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabo , D. , Miller , K. E. , Melnick , M. J. , Farrell , M. D. and Barnes , G. M. 2005 . High school athletic participation and adolescent suicide: A nationwide US survey . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 40 ( 1 ) : 5 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storch , E. A. , Keeley , M. , Merlo , L. J. , Amant , J. B. , Jacob , M. and Storch , J. F. 2009 . Psychosocial functioning in youth with Barth Syndrome . Children's Health Care , 38 ( 2 ) : 137 – 156 . et al
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch , E. A. , Ledley , D. R. , Lewin , A. B. , Murphy , T. K. , Johns , N. B. and Goodman , W. K. 2006 . Peer victimization in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Relations with symptoms of psychopathology . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 35 ( 3 ) : 446 – 455 . et al
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch , E. A. , Lewin , A. B. , Silverstein , J. H. , Baumeister , A. , Strawser , M. S. and Geffken , G. R. 2005 . Psychological adjustment of children with short stature: A comparison of clinic-referred children with short stature and Type 1 diabetes mellitus . Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism , 18 ( 4 ) : 395 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch , E. A. , Lewin , A. B. , Silverstein , J. H. , Heidgerken , A. D. , Strawser , M. S. and Baumeister , A. 2004 . Social-psychological correlates of peer victimization in children with endocrine disorders . Journal of Pediatrics , 145 ( 6 ) : 784 – 789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch , E. A. and Masia-Warner , C. 2004 . The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females . Journal of Adolescence , 27 ( 3 ) : 351 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch , E. A. , Milsom , V. A. , DeBraganza , N. , Lewin , A. B. , Geffken , G. R. and Silverstein , J. H. 2007 . Peer victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and physical activity in overweight and at-risk-for-overweight youth . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 32 ( 1 ) : 80 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillich , P. 1963 . The eternal now: Sermons , New York : Scribner .
   Google Scholar
• van den Eijnden , R. J. J. M. , Meerkerk , G.-J. , Vermulst , A. A. , Spijkerman , R. and Engels , R. C. M. E. 2008 . Online communication, compulsive Internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: A longitudinal study . Developmental Psychology , 44 ( 3 ) : 655 – 665 . doi: doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Roekel , E. , Scholte , R. H. J. , Verhagen , M. , Goossens , L. and Engels , R. C. M. E. 2010 . Loneliness in adolescence: Gene × environment interactions involving the serotonin transporter gene . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 51 ( 7 ) : 747 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandell , D. L. and Posner , J. K. 1999 . “ Conceptualization and measurement of children's after-school environments ” . In Measuring the environment across the lifespan , Edited by: Friedman , S. L. and Wachs , T. D. 167 – 196 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vandivere , S. , Tour , K. , Zaslow , M. , Calkins , J. and Capizzano , J. 2003 . “ Unsupervised time: Family and child factors associated with self-care (Occasional Paper Number 71) ” . Washington, DC : The Urban Institute . Retrieved from The Urban Institute website: http://www.urban.org/uploaddpdf/310894_OP71.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Weiss , R. S. 1973 . Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation , Cambridge, MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• White , S. W. and Roberson-Nay , R. 2009 . Anxiety, social deficits, and loneliness in youth with autism spectrum disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 39 ( 7 ) : 1006 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar