The Bottom-Up Impact of Proactive Personality on Employee Job Crafting: A Serial Mediation Model

References

• Aguinis, H. , Ramani, R. S. , & Alabduljader, N. (2018). What you see is what you get? Enhancing methodological transparency in management research. Academy of Management Annals , 12 (1), 83–110. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amundsen, S. , & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly , 25 (3), 487–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock-Roberson, M. E. , & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Journal of Psychology , 144 (3), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223981003648336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaba, S. M. (2019). How tempered radicals pursue ideological change within their organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Louisiana Tech University. https://digitalcommons.latech.edu/dissertations/832.
   Google Scholar
• Bajaba, S. , Fuller, B. , Marler, L. , & Bajaba, A. (2021). Does mindfulness enhance the beneficial outcomes that accrue to employees with proactive personalities? Current Psychology , 40 (2), 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9995-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 20 (4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of The Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology , 22 (3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands-resources theory. Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide , 3 , 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 22 (3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2013). Weekly work engagement and flourishing: The role of hindrance and challenge job demands. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 83 (3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , Demerouti, E. , & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior , 1 (1), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , Tims, M. , & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations , 65 (10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , Van Veldhoven, M. , & Xanthopoulou, D. (2010). Beyond the demand-control model. Journal of Personnel Psychology , 9 (1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandalos, D. L. (2018). Measurement theory and applications for the social sciences . Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Banks, G. C. , McCauley, K. D. , Gardner, W. L. , & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly , 27 (4), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basit, A. A. (2017). Trust in supervisor and job engagement: Mediating effects of psychological safety and felt obligation. The Journal of Psychology , 151 (8), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2017.1372350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations . Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, T. S. , & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 14 (2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedi, A. , Alpaslan, C. M. , & Green, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators. Journal of Business Ethics , 139 (3), 517–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco-Oliver, A. , Veronesi, G. , & Kirkpatrick, I. (2018). Board heterogeneity and organizational performance: The mediating effects of line managers and staff satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics , 152 (2), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3290-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, H. P. , & Wiersema, M. F. (1999). Matching method to paradigm in strategy research: Limitations of cross‐sectional analysis and some methodological alternatives. Strategic Management Journal , 20 (7), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199907)20:7<625::AID-SMJ45>3.0.CO;2-V
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breevaart, K. , Bakker, A. B. , Demerouti, E. , & Derks, D. (2016). Who takes the lead? A multi‐source diary study on leadership, work engagement, and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 37 (3), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breevaart, K. , Bakker, A. B. , Demerouti, E. , Sleebos, D. M. , & Maduro, V. (2014). Uncovering the underlying relationship between transformational leaders and followers’ task performance. Journal of Personnel Psychology , 13 (4), 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresman, H. , & Zellmer-Bruhn, M. (2013). The structural context of team learning: Effects of organizational and team structure on internal and external learning. Organization Science , 24 (4), 1120–1139. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In H. C. Triandis & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (pp. 349–444). Allyn & Baco.
   Google Scholar
• Bruning, P. F. , & Campion, M. A. (2018). A role-resource approach-avoidance model of job crafting: A multimethod integration and extension of job crafting theory. Academy of Management Journal , 61 (2), 499–522. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruning, P. F. , & Campion, M. A. (2019). Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs. Business Horizons , 62 (5), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss, D. M. (1987). Selection, evocation, and manipulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 (6), 1214–1221. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, D. , Cai, Y. , Sun, Y. , & Ma, J. (2018). Linking empowering leadership and employee work engagement: The effects of person-job fit, person-group fit, and proactive personality. Frontiers in Psychology , 9 , 1304. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carsten, M. K. , Uhl-Bien, M. , & Huang, L. (2018). Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior. Leadership , 14 (6), 731–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715017720306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carsten, M. K. , Uhl-Bien, M. , West, B. J. , Patera, J. L. , & McGregor, R. (2010). Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study. The Leadership Quarterly , 21 (3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh, M. A. , Boswell, W. R. , Roehling, M. V. , & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US managers. Journal of Applied Psychology , 85 (1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collinson, D. (2006). Rethinking followership: A post-structuralist analysis of follower identities. The Leadership Quarterly , 17 (2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology , 80 (4), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.80.4.532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crant, J. M. , Hu, J. , & Jiang, K. (2017). Proactive personality: A twenty-year review. In S. K. Parker & U. K. Bindl (Eds.), Proactivity at work: Making things happen in organizations ., (p. 211–243)Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Damian, R. I. , Spengler, M. , Sutu, A. , & Roberts, B. W. (2019). Sixteen going on sixty-six: A longitudinal study of personality stability and change across 50 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 117 (3), 674–695. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dangel, T. J. , Webb, J. R. , & Hirsch, J. K. (2018). Forgiveness and suicidal behavior: Cynicism and psychache as serial mediators. The Journal of Psychology , 152 (2), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2017.1408555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L. , & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry , 11 (4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E. , Bakker, A. B. , Nachreiner, F. , & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 (3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, T. K. , & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly , 39 (2), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, J. R. , & Cable, D. M. (2009). The value of value congruence. The Journal of Applied Psychology , 94 (3), 654–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, A. M. , Nifadkar, S. S. , Bauer, T. N. , & Erdogan, B. (2017). Newcomer adjustment: Examining the role of managers’ perception of newcomer proactive behavior during organizational socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology , 102 (6), 993–1001. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, S. , & Moldogaziev, T. (2011). Empowering public sector employees to improve performance: Does it work? The American Review of Public Administration , 41 (1), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074009355943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernet, C. , Trépanier, S. G. , Austin, S. , Gagné, M. , & Forest, J. (2015). Transformational leadership and optimal functioning at work: On the mediating role of employees’ perceived job characteristics and motivation. Work & Stress , 29 (1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2014.1003998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, R. C. , & Fottler, M. D. (1995). Empowerment: A matter of degree. Academy of Management Perspectives , 9 (3), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1995.9509210269
   Google Scholar
• Ford, J., & Harding, N. (2018). Followers in leadership theory: Fiction, fantasy and illusion. Leadership, 14(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1742715015621372
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C. , & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research , 18 (1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, B., Jr. , & Marler, L. E. (2009). Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 75 (3), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, B. , Liu, Y. , Bajaba, S. , Marler, L. E. , & Pratt, J. (2018). Examining how the personality, self-efficacy, and anticipatory cognitions of potential entrepreneurs shape their entrepreneurial intentions. Personality and Individual Differences , 125 , 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, B. , Marler, L. E. , Bajaba, S. , & Lovett, D. M. (2018). Deconstructing the proactive personality construct: Exploring a change-control circumplex model. In Academy of Management Proceedings. (No. 1, p. 13504.) Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.13504abstract
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, C. M. , Simmering, M. J. , Atinc, G. , Atinc, Y. , & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research , 69 (8), 3192–3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furr, R. M. (2017). Psychometrics: An introduction . Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gooty, J. , Connelly, S. , Griffith, J. , & Gupta, A. (2010). Leadership, affect and emotions: A state of the science review. The Leadership Quarterly , 21 (6), 979–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F. , Black, W. C. , Babin, B. J. , & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F. , Sarstedt, M. , Ringle, C. M. , & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 40 (3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakanen, J. J. , Schaufeli, W. B. , & Ahola, K. (2008). The Job Demands-Resources model: A three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement. Work & Stress , 22 (3), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802379432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, S. , Harold, C. M. , & Cheong, M. (2019). Examining why employee proactive personality influences empowering leadership: The roles of cognition‐and affect‐based trust. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 92 (2), 352–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman, H. (1967). Modern factor analysis . University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes, A. J. , Biggs, A. , & Hegerty, E. (2017). Work engagement: Investigating the role of transformational leadership, job resources, and recovery. The Journal of Psychology , 151 (6), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2017.1372339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach . Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haynie, J. , Flynn, C. B. , & Herda, D. (2020). Linking career adaptability to supervisor-rated task performance: A serial mediation model. Career Development International , 25 (4), 429–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2019-0207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, F. , & Huq, R. (2004). Employee empowerment: Conceptualizations, aims and outcomes. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 15 (8), 1025–1041. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478336042000255505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology , 50 (3), 337–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology , 6 (4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. , Halbesleben, J. , Neveu, J. P. , & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior , 5 (1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
   Google Scholar
• Hoch, J. E. , Bommer, W. H. , Dulebohn, J. H. , & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management , 44 (2), 501–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander, E. P. (1993). Legitimacy, power, and influence: A perspective on relational features of leadership. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions (pp. 29–47). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoption, C. , Christie, A. , & Barling, J. (2012). Submitting to the follower label. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie , 220 (4), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, S. E. , Nahrgang, J. D. , & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 (5), 1332–1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z. (2017). Proactive personality and career adaptability: The role of thriving at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 98 , 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A. , Bono, J. E. , & Locke, E. A. (2000). Personality and job satisfaction: The mediating role of job characteristics. The Journal of Applied Psychology , 85 (2), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. , & Beehr, T. A. (2018). Can empowering leaders affect subordinates’ well-being and careers because they encourage subordinates’ job crafting behaviors? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies , 25 (2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817727702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration , 11 (4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock, N. (2019). From composites to factors: Bridging the gap between PLS and covariance-based structural equation modelling. Information Systems Journal , 29 (3), 674–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock, N. , & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal , 28 (1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn, M. L. , & Schooler, C. (1982). Job conditions and personality: A longitudinal assessment of their reciprocal effects. American Journal of Sociology , 87 (6), 1257–1286. https://doi.org/10.1086/227593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latan, H. , & Ghozali, I. (2015). Partial least squares: Concepts, techniques and application using Program SmartPLS 3.0. (2nd ed.). Diponegoro University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Latan, H. , & Noonan, R. (2017). Partial least squares path modeling: Basic concepts, methodological issues and applications . Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Latan, H. , Jabbour, C. J. C. , de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. , Wamba, S. F. , & Shahbaz, M. (2018). Effects of environmental strategy, environmental uncertainty and top management’s commitment on corporate environmental performance: The role of environmental management accounting. Journal of Cleaner Production , 180 , 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. , Wang, Z. , Gao, J. , & You, X. (2017). Proactive personality and job satisfaction: The mediating effects of self-efficacy and work engagement in teachers. Current Psychology , 36 (1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9383-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisi, I. E. (2015). Translating environmental motivations into performance: The role of environmental performance measurement systems. Management Accounting Research , 29 , 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2015.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, C. Q. , Wang, H. J. , Lu, J. J. , Du, D. Y. , & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does work engagement increase person-job fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 84 (2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans, F. , Avey, J. B. , Avolio, B. J. , Norman, S. M. , & Combs, G. M. (2006). Psychological capital development: Toward a micro‐intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 27 (3), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C. , & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it . Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Meindl, J. R. , Ehrlich, S. B. , & Dukerich, J. M. (1985). The romance of leadership. Administrative Science Quarterly , 30 (1), 78–102. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munir, H. , Jianfeng, C. , & Ramzan, S. (2019). Personality traits and theory of planned behavior. Comparison of entrepreneurial intentions between an emerging economy and a developing country. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research , 25 (3), 554–580. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2018-0336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahrgang, J. D. , Morgeson, F. P. , & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Safety at work: A meta-analytic investigation of the link between job demands, job resources, burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology , 96 (1), 71–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory . (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, S. K. , & Bindl, U. K. (2017). Proactivity at work: Making things happen in organizations . Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, S. K. , & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management , 36 (3), 633–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308321554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, J. R. , & Aguinis, H. (2013). The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management. Journal of Management , 39 (2), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plomp, J. , Tims, M. , Akkermans, J. , Khapova, S. N. , Jansen, P. G. , & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Career competencies and job crafting. Career Development International , 21 (6), 587–602. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2016-0145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ployhart, R. E. , & Vandenberg, R. J. (2010). Longitudinal research: The theory, design, and analysis of change. Journal of Management , 36 (1), 94–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309352110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M. , MacKenzie, S. B. , & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology , 63 (1), 539–569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M. , MacKenzie, S. B. , Lee, J. Y. , & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 (5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringle, C. M. , Wende, S. , & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3 . SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com.
   Google Scholar
• Robins, R. W. , Fraley, R. C. , Roberts, B. W. , & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). A longitudinal study of personality change in young adulthood. Journal of Personality , 69 (4), 617–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.694157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roczniewska, M. , & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Who seeks job resources, and who avoids job demands? The link between dark personality traits and job crafting. The Journal of Psychology , 150 (8), 1026–1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2016.1235537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbaum, F. , Weisz, J. R. , & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 42 (1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph, C. W. , Katz, I. M. , Lavigne, K. N. , & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 102 , 112–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarstedt, M. , & Cheah, J. H. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS: A software review. Journal of Marketing Analytics , 7 (3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B. , Bakker, A. B. , & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 66 (4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B. , Salanova, M. , González-Romá, V. , & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies , 3 (1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
   Google Scholar
• Seibert, S. E. , Crant, J. M. , & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology , 84 (3), 416–427. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir, B. (2007). From passive recipients to active co-producers: Followers’ roles in the leadership process. In B. Shamir , R. Pillai , M. Bligh , & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), Follower-centered perspectives on leadership: A tribute to the memory of James R. Meindl (pp. 9–39). Information Age Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzmuller, M. , Sin, H. P. , Howe, M. , & Fatimah, S. (2015). Investigating the uniqueness and usefulness of proactive personality in organizational research: A meta-analytic review. Human Performance , 28 (4), 351–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2015.1021041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal , 39 (2), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.5465/256789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sy, T. (2010). What do you think of followers? Examining the content, structure, and consequences of implicit followership theories. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 113 (2), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, E. , Zhang, L. , & Lou, M. (2020). Does approach crafting always benefit? The moderating role of job insecurity. The Journal of Psychology , 154 (6), 426–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2020.1774484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thun, S. , & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Empowering leadership and job crafting: The role of employee optimism. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress , 34 (4), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M. , Bakker, A. B. , & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 80 (1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M. , Derks, D. , & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job crafting and its relationships with person-job fit and meaningfulness: A three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 92 , 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhl-Bien, M. , Riggio, R. E. , Lowe, K. B. , & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly , 25 (1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. , Zhang, J. , Thomas, C. L. , Yu, J. , & Spitzmueller, C. (2017). Explaining benefits of employee proactive personality: The role of engagement, team proactivity composition and perceived organizational support. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 101 , 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrzesniewski, A. , & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review , 26 (2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulou, D. , Bakker, A. B. , & Fischbach, A. (2013). Work engagement among employees facing emotional demands. Journal of Personnel Psychology , 12 (2), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulou, D. , Bakker, A. B. , Demerouti, E. , & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 74 (3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, K. , Yan, X. , Fan, J. , & Luo, Z. (2017). Leader-follower congruence in proactive personality and work engagement: A polynomial regression analysis. Personality and Individual Differences , 105 , 43–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Yukl, G. , & Falbe, C. M. (1990). Influence tactics and objectives in upward, downward, and lateral influence attempts. Journal of Applied Psychology , 75 (2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeijen, M. E. , Peeters, M. C. , & Hakanen, J. J. (2018). Workaholism versus work engagement and job crafting: What is the role of self‐management strategies? Human Resource Management Journal , 28 (2), 357–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, F. , & Parker, S. K. (2019). Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 40 (2), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar