References
- Akın, A. (2012). The relationships between Internet addiction, subjective vitality, and subjective happiness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(8), 404–410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0609
- Akın, A., & Akın, Ü. (2015). Friendship quality and subjective happiness: The mediator role of subjective vitality. Education & Science, 40(177), 233–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3786
- Akman, Y., & Korkut, F. (1993). Umut ölçeği üzerine bir çalışma [A study on the Hope Scale]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty], 9, 193–202.
- Arampatzi, E., Burger, M., Stavropoulos, S., & Tay, L. (2020). The role of positive expectations for resilience to adverse events: Subjective well-being before, during and after the Greek Bailout Referendum. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 965–995. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00115-9
- Bailey, T. C., Eng, W., Frisch, M. B., & Snyder, C. R. (2007). Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 168–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701409546
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
- Bernardo, A. B. I. (2010). Extending hope theory: Internal and external locus of trait hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 944–949. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.036
- Bernardo, A. B. I., & Sit, H. Y. (2020). Hope interventions for students: Integrating cultural perspectives. In G. A. D. Liem & D. M. McInerney (Eds.), Sociocultural perspectives on educational interventions: Promoting motivation and learning in contexts (pp. 281–302). Information Age Publishing.
- Bertrams, A., Dyllick, T. H., Englert, C., & Krispenz, A. (2020). German adaptation of the Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS-G). Open Psychology, 2(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2020-0005
- Bostic, T. J., McGartland Rubio, D., & Hood, M. (2000). A validation of the subjective vitality scale using structural equation modeling. Social Indicators Research, 52(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007136110218
- Cernas-Ortiz, D. A., Mercado-Salgado, P., & Davis, M. A. (2018). Perspectiva futura de tiempo, satisfacción laboral y compromiso organizacional: El efecto mediador de la autoeficacia, la esperanza y la vitalidad [Future time perspective, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: The mediating effect of self-efficacy, hope, and vitality]. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 34(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2018a1
- Cheavens, J. S., & Ritschel, L. A. (2014). Hope theory. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota, & L. D. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of positive emotions (pp. 396–410). Guilford Press.
- Cheavens, J. S., Feldman, D. B., Gum, A., Michael, S. T., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). Hope therapy in a community sample: A pilot investigation. Social Indicators Research, 77(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-5553-0
- Çetin Gündüz, H. (2016). 21. yüzyılda Pozitif Psikoloji’nin parçası olarak umut ve Türkiye’deki yeri [Hope as a component of Positive Psychology in 21th century and its place in Turkey]. In A. Demirli Yıldız (Ed.), Pozitif Psikoloji bağlamında umut: Hedefe giden yolda sınırları aşmak [Hope within the context of Positive Psychology: Overcoming boundaries on the way to the goal] (pp. 41–66). Nobel Publishing.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-Determination Theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
- Devi, P., Sharma, N., & Hooda, D. (2017). Subjective vitality in relation to hope among adolescents. Journal of Indian Health Psychology, 11(2), 37–46.
- Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 185–218). MIT Press.
- Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
- Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 63–73). Oxford University Press.
- Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2018). Advances and open questions in the science of subjective well-being. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.115
- Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Pavot, W. (1991). Happiness is the frequency, not the intensity, of positive versus negative affect. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), International series in experimental social psychology, Vol. 21. Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 119–139). Pergamon Press.
- Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
- Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25–41.
- Doğan, T., & Akıncı Çötok, N. (2011). Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(36), 165–170.
- Dolunay Cuğ, F. (2015). Self-forgiveness, self-compassion, subjective vitality, and orientation to happiness as predictors of subjective well-being. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University.
- Eren, K. A., & Aşıcı, A. A. (2017). The determinants of happiness in Turkey: Evidence from city-level data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 647–669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9746-9
- Feldman, D. B., & Dreher, D. E. (2012). Can hope be changed in 90 minutes?: Testing the efficacy of a single-session goal-pursuit intervention for college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(4), 745–759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9292-4
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). Internal validity. How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
- Gallagher, M. W., Smith, L. J., Richardson, A. L., D’Souza, J. M., & Long, L. J. (2021). Examining the longitudinal effects and potential mechanisms of hope on COVID-19 stress, anxiety, and well-being. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(3), 234–245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2021.1877341
- Govindji, R., & Linley, P. A. (2007). Strengths use, self-concordance and well-being: Implications for strengths coaching and coaching psychologists. International Coaching Psychology Review, 2(2), 143–153.
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
- Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073–1082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
- Jackson, C. E., & DiPlacido, J. (2020). Vitality as a mediator between diet quality and subjective wellbeing among college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1617–1639. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00150-6
- Joubert, J., & Guse, T. (2021a). Implementing Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) to facilitate hope and subjective well-being among South African trauma survivors: A case study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 22(1), 147–156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12416
- Joubert, J., & Guse, T. (2021b). A Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) intervention model to facilitate hope and subjective well-being among trauma survivors. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 51(4), 303–310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-021-09511-w
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1985). Culture of separateness-culture of relatedness. In C. Klopp (Ed.), 1984: Vision and reality. Papers in comparative studies (Vol. 4, pp. 91–99). Ohio State University.
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side. Erlbaum.
- Kesebir, P., & Diener, E. (2008). In defense of happiness: Why policymakers should care about subjective well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comin, & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 60–80). Oxford University Press.
- Köse, B., Uzun, M., Özlü, K., Çelik, N., & Erbaş, Ü. (2019). Spor bilimlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin öznel mutluluk ve zindelik düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi (Ankara Üniversitesi örneği) [Analysis of subjective happiness and vitality levels of sports sciences students in terms of selected variables (Ankara University sample)]. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 22–29.
- Lee, J. Y., & Gallagher, M. W. (2018). Hope and well-being. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hope (pp. 287–298). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.20
- Lucas, A. G., Chang, E. C., Morris, L. E., Angoff, H. D., Chang, O. D., Duong, A. H., Li, M., & Hirsch, J. K. (2019). Relationship between hope and quality of life in primary care patients: Vitality as a mechanism. Social Work, 64(3), 233–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swz014
- Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.239
- Muyan-Yılık, M., & Demir, A. (2020). A pathway towards subjective well-being for Turkish university students: The roles of dispositional hope, cognitive flexibility, and coping strategies. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(6), 1945–1963. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00162-2
- Peker, A., Cengiz, S., & Nebioğlu Yıldız, M. (2021). Yaşam doyumu ve öznel zindeliğin COVID-19 korkusu ile problemli internet kullanımı arasındaki aracılık ilişkisi [The mediation relationship between life satisfaction and subjective vitality fear of COVID-19 and problematic internet use]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 24(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2020.92259
- Pleeging, E., Burger, M., & van Exel, J. (2021). The relations between hope and subjective well-being: A literature overview and empirical analysis. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(3), 1019–1041. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09802-4
- Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.
- Rao, M. A., & Donaldson, S. I. (2015). Expanding opportunities for diversity in positive psychology: An examination of gender, race, and ethnicity. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 56(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000036
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From ego depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), 702–717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00098.x
- Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. M. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529–565. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x
- Sarıçam, H. (2015). Subjective happiness and hope. Universitas Psychologica, 14(2), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-1.shah
- Sarıçam, H. (2016). Examining the relationship between self-rumination and happiness: The mediating and moderating role of subjective vitality. Universitas Psychologica, 15(2), 383–396. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-2.errh
- Satici, S. A. (2020). Hope and loneliness mediate the association between stress and subjective vitality. Journal of College Student Development, 61(2), 225–239. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2020.0019
- Satici, S. A., Kayis, A. R., Satici, B., Griffiths, M. D., & Can, G. (2020). Resilience, hope, and subjective happiness among the Turkish population: Fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance Online Publication, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00443-5
- Seligman, M. E. P. (1999). Summit 1999 Speech by Martin Seligman. Paper presented at First Positive Psychology Summit, Lincoln, NE. https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/opportunities/conference-archives
- Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. An introduction. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.5
- Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. The American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
- Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. Free Press.
- Snyder, C. R. (2000a). Hypothesis: There is hope. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 3–21). Academic Press.
- Snyder, C. R. (2000b). The past and possible futures of hope. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.11
- Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
- Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570
- Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Sigmon, D. R. (2002). Hope Theory: A member of the positive psychology family. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 257–276). Oxford University Press.
- Solberg, P. A., Hopkins, W. G., Ommundsen, Y., & Halvari, H. (2012). Effects of three training types on vitality among older adults: A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.01.006
- Sunar, D., & Fişek, G. (2005). Contemporary Turkish families. In U. Gielen & J. Roopnarine (Eds.), Families in global perspective (pp. 169–184). Allyn & Bacon.
- Uğur, E., Kaya, Ç., & Özçelik, B. (2019). Subjective vitality mediates the relationship between respect toward partner and subjective happiness on teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 126–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070117
- Uysal, R., Satıcı, S. A., & Akın, A. (2013). Mediating effect of Facebook addiction on the relationship between subjective vitality and subjective happiness. Psychological Reports, 113(3), 948–953. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.113x32z3
- Uysal, R., Satıcı, S. A., Satıcı, B., & Akın, A. (2014). Subjective vitality as mediator and moderator of the relationship between life satisfaction and subjective happiness. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(2), 489–497. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.2.1828
- Wilner, K. B. (1999). Core energetics: A therapy of bodily energy and consciousness. In D. J. Wiener (Ed), Beyond talk therapy: Using movement and expressive techniques in clinical practice (pp. 183–203). American Psychological Association.
- Wilson, P. M., Longley, K., Muon, S., Rodgers, W. M., & Murray, T. C. (2006). Examining the contributions of perceived psychological need satisfaction to well‐being in exercise. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 11(3–4), 243–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2007.00008.x
- Yalçındağ, B., & Kahya, Y. (2019). Psikolojik belirti ve duygulanımda özgün yönelim, umut ve canlılığın rolü: Bir klinik örneklem incelemesi [The role of authentic orientation, hope and vitality in psychological symptoms and affect: Investigation in a clinical sample]. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 34(84), 93–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320180911m000012