References
- Abramowitz , S. I. 1986 . Psychosocial outcomes of sex reassignment surgery. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 ( 2 ) : 183 – 189 .
- Abramson , L. Y. , Seligman , M. E. P. and Teasdale , J. D. 1978 . Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 87 ( 1 ) : 49 – 74 .
- American Psychiatric Association. 1995 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed., international version Washington, DC : Author .
- Benjamin , H. 1953 . Transvestism and transsexualism. . International Journal of Sexology , 7 : 12 – 14 .
- Benjamin , H. 1966 . The transsexual phenomenon. New York : Julian Press. .
- Billings , D. and Urban , T. 1989 . The social-medical construction of transsexualism. . Social Forces , : 276
- Brems , C. , Adams , R. L. and Skillman , G. D. 1993 . Person drawing by transsexual clients, psychiatric clients, and nonclients compared: Indicators of sex-typing and pathology. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 22 ( 3 ) : 253 – 264 .
- Buhrich , N. 1981 . Psychological adjustment in transvestism and transsexualism. . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 19 : 407 – 411 .
- Bullough , V. L. and Bullough , B. 1993 . Cross dressing, sex, and gender. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press. .
- Burns , A. , Farrell , M. and Christie Brown , J. 1990 . Clinical features of patients attending a gender identity clinic. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 265 – 268 .
- Cauldwell , D. 1949 . Psychopathia transsexualis. . Sexology , 16 : 274 – 280 .
- Eklund , P. L. E. , Gooren , L. J. G. and Bezemer , P. D. 1988 . Prevalence of transsexualism in the Netherlands. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 152 : 638 – 640 .
- Ellis , A. 1945 . The sexual psychology of human hermaphrodites. . Psychosomatic Medicine , 7 : 108 – 125 .
- Fleming , M. , McGowan , B. and Salt , P. 1984 . Female to male transsexualism and sex- roles: Self and spouse ratings on the PAQ. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 13 : 51 – 57 .
- Green , R. 1974 . Sexual identity conflict in children and adults. Baltimore, MD : Penguin Books. .
- Green , R. 1987 . The sissy boy syndrome and the development of homosexuality. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press. .
- Green , R. and Fleming , D. T. 1990 . Transsexual surgery follow-up: Status in the 1990s. . Annual Review of Sex Research , 1 : 163 – 174 .
- Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. 1985 . Standards of care: The hormonal and surgical sex reassignment of gender dysphoric persons. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 14 : 79 – 90 .
- Hoenig , J. 1982 . “ Transsexualism. ” . In Recent advances in clinical psychiatry Edited by: Gransville-Grossman , K. Vol. 4 , London : Churchill Livingstone .
- Hoenig , J. and Kenna , J. C. 1974a . The nosological position of transsexuals. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 3 : 272 – 287 .
- Hoenig , J. and Kenna , J. C. 1974b . The prevalence of transsexualism in England and Wales. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 124 : 181 – 190 .
- Imperato-McGinley , J. , Gerrera , L. , Gautier , T. and Peterson , R. E. 1974 . Steroid 5-alpha reductase deficiency in man: An inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism. . Science , 186 : 1213 – 1215 .
- Imperato-McGinley , J. , Peterson , R. E. , Gautier , T. and Sturla , E. 1979 . Androgens and the evolution of male gender identity among male pseudohermaphrodites with 5-alpha reductase deficiency. . New England Journal of Medicine , 300 : 1233 – 1237 .
- Johnson , S. L. and Hunt , D. D. 1990 . The relationship of male transsexual typology to psychological adjustment. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 19 ( 4 ) : 349 – 360 .
- Kallman , F. J. 1952 . Comparative twin study on the genetic aspects of male homosexuality. . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 115 : 283 – 298 .
- Lewis , C. 1994 . Gender: A state of body or a state of mind? . GEMSNEWS , 17 : 45
- Lindemalm , G. , Korlin , D. and Uddenberg , N. 1987 . Prognostic factors vs. outcome in male-to-female transsexualism. . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia , 75 : 268 – 274 .
- Lothstein , L. M. 1982 . Sex reassignment surgery: Historical, bioethical, and theoretical issues. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 139 : 417 – 426 .
- Lothstein , L. M. 1984 . Psychological testing with transsexuals: A 30-year review. . Journal of Personality Assessment , 48 : 500 – 507 .
- Lundstrom , B. , Pauly , I. and Walinder , J. 1984 . Outcome of sex reassignment surgery. . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 70 : 289 – 294 .
- Lutz , D. J. , Roback , H. B. and Hart , M. 1984 . Feminine gender identity and psychological adjustment of male transsexuals and male homosexuals. . Journal of Sex Research , 20 : 350 – 362 .
- Mate-Kole , C. , Freschi , M. and Robin , A. 1988 . Aspects of psychiatric symptoms at different stages in the treatment of transsexualism. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 152 : 550 – 553 .
- Mate-Kole , C. , Freschi , M. and Robin , A. 1990 . A controlled study of psychological and social change after surgical gender reassignment in selected male transsexuals. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 261 – 264 .
- McDonald , T. 1995 . Accounting for transsexualism and transhomosexuality [book review]. . Social Science and Medicine , 86 ( 2 ) : 309
- Money , J. 1980 . Love and love sickness: The science of sex, gender difference and pair- bonding. Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press. .
- Money , J. 1991 . “ Biographies of gender and hermaphroditism in paired comparisons. ” . In Clinical supplement to the handbook of sexology. New York : Elsevier. .
- Money , J. 1994 . The concept of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence after 39 years. . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 20 ( 3 ) : 163 – 177 .
- Money , J. and Ehrhardt , A. A. 1972 . Man and woman, boy and girl. Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press. .
- Money , J. , Hampson , J. and Hampson , J. 1957 . Imprinting and the establishment of gender role. . Archives for Neurology and Psychiatry , 77 : 333 – 336 .
- Pauly , I. B. 1965 . Male psychosexual inversion: Transsexualism: A review of one hundred cases. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 13 : 172 – 181 .
- Pauly , I. B. 1968 . The current status of the change of sex operation. . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 147 : 460 – 471 .
- Pauly , I. B. 1981 . Outcome of sex reassignment surgery for transsexuals. . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 15 : 45 – 51 .
- Petersen , M. E. and Dickey , R. 1995 . Surgical sex reassignment: A comparative survey of international centers. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 24 ( 2 ) : 135 – 156 .
- Roberto , L. G. 1983 . Issues in diagnosis and treatment of transsexuals. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 12 ( 5 ) : 445 – 473 .
- Ross , M. W. and Need , J. A. 1989 . Effects of adequacy of gender reassignment surgery on psychological adjusment: A follow-up of fourteen male-to-female patients. . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 18 ( 2 ) : 145 – 153 .
- Stoller , R. J. 1976 . “ The transsexual experiment. ” . In Sex and gender Vol. 2 , New York : Jason Aronson .
- Stoller , R. J. 1978 . Boyhood gender aberrations: Treatment issues. . Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , 26 : 541 – 548 .
- Tully , B. 1992 . Accounting for transsexualism and transhomosexuality. London : Whiting and Birch. .
- Walinder , J. , Lundstrom , B. and Thuwe , I. 1978 . Prognostic factors in the assessment of male transsexuals for sex reassignment. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 132 : 16 – 20 .
- Williams , G. 1987 . Gender reassignment today. . British Medical Journal , 295 : 1348