Delay Discounting and Probability Discounting, But Not Response Inhibition, Are Associated With Sexual Risk Taking in Adults

References

• Ainslie, G. (1975). Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 463–496. doi:10.1037/h0076860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragues, M., Jurado, R., Quinto, R., & Rubio, G. (2011). Laboratory paradigms of impulsivity and alcohol dependence: A review. European Addiction Research, 17, 64–71. doi:10.1159/000321345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila, C., & Parcet, M. A. (2001). Personality and inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal task: The mediating role of Gray’s anxiety and impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 975–986. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00199-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, F., Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K. (2003). Decision-making in state lotteries: Half now or all of it later? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, 965–970. doi:10.3758/Bf03196559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft, J., & Janssen, E. (2000). The dual control model of male sexual response: A theoretical approach to centrally mediated erectile dysfunction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 571–579. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00024-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Carnes, L., Goodrich, D., Strong, D., & Long, J. S. (2004). Sexual activity and risk taking in young heterosexual men: The relevance of sexual arousability, mood, and sensation seeking. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 181–192. doi:10.1080/00224490409552226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beadnell, B., Morrison, D. M., Wilsdon, A., Wells, E. A., Murowchick, E., Hoppe, M., … Nahom, D. (2005). Condom use, frequency of sex, and number of partners: Multidimensional characterization of adolescent sexual risk-taking. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 192–202. doi:10.1080/00224490509552274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billieux, J., Gay, P., Rochat, L., Khazaal, Y., Zullino, D., & Van der Linden, M. (2010). Lack of inhibitory control predicts cigarette smoking dependence: Evidence from a non-deprived sample of light to moderate smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112, 164–167. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeka, A. G., & Lokken, K. L. (2006). The Iowa Gambling Task as a measure of decision making in women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 741–745. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brevers, D., Cleeremans, A., Verbruggen, F., Bechara, A., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P., & Noel, X. (2012). Impulsive action but not impulsive choice determines problem gambling severity. PLoS ONE, 7, e50647. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogan, A., Hevey, D., O’Callaghan, G., Yoder, R., & O’Shea, D. (2011). Impaired decision making among morbidly obese adults. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70, 189–196. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, S. R., Johnson, S. C., & Jacobs, P. C. (2010). Disinhibited characteristics and binge drinking among university student drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 242–251. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319–333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherek, D. R., Moeeler, F. G., Dougherty, D. M., & Rhoades, H. (1997). Studies of violent and nonviolent male parolees: II. Laboratory and psychometric measurements of impulsivity. Biological Psychiatriy, 41, 523–529. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00426-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesson, H. W., Leichliter, J. S., Zimet, G. D., Rosenthal, S. L., Bernstein, D. I., & Fife, K. H. (2006). Discount rates and risky sexual behaviors among teenagers and young adults. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 32, 217–230. doi:10.1007/S11166-006-9520-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen, P., Cole, J. C., Goudie, A. J., & Field, M. (2012). Components of behavioural impulsivity and automatic cue approach predict unique variance in hazardous drinking. Psychopharmacology, 219, 501–510. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2396-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey, S. F., Gudleski, G. D., Saladin, M. E., & Brady, K. T. (2003). Impulsivity and rapid discounting of delayed hypothetical rewards in cocaine-dependent individuals. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11(1), 18–25. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crean, J. P., de Wit, H., & Richards, J. B. (2000). Reward discounting as a measure of impulsive behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 8(2), 155–162. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.8.2.155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colzato, L. S., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., & Hommel, B. (2007). Impaired inhibitory control in recreational cocaine users. PLoS ONE, 2(11), e1143. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, K. E., Arellano, R., Barkley-Levenson, E., Galvan, A., Poldrack, R. A., Mackillop, J., … Ray, L. A. (2012). The relationship between measures of impulsivity and alcohol misuse: An integrative structural equation modeling approach. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36, 923–931. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01635.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit, H. (2009). Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: A review of underlying processes. Addiction Biology, 14, 22–31. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estle, S. J., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Holt, D. D. (2007). Discounting of monetary and directly consumable rewards. Psychological Science, 18(1), 58–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01849.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernie, G., Cole, J. C., Goudie, A. J., & Field, M. (2010). Risk-taking but not response inhibition or delay discounting predict alcohol consumption in social drinkers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112, 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillmore, M. T., & Rush, C. R. (2002). Impaired inhibitory control of behavior in chronic cocaine users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 265–273. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00206-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, L. P., Bi, G. H., Zou, Z. T., Wang, Y., Ye, E. M., Ma, L., … Yang, Z. (2008). Impaired response inhibition function in abstinent heroin dependents: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 438, 322–326. doi:10.1016/J.Neulet.2008.04.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, E. C., & Murphy, E. (2014). Health belief model. The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of health, illness, behavior, and society. doi: 10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs410
   Google Scholar
• Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2013). How many impulsivities? A discounting perspective. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 99, 3–13. doi:10.1002/jeab.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrieri, R., Nederkoorn, C., & Jansen, A. (2008). The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: Its influence on food intake and overweight. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 708–714. doi:10.1038/Sj.Ijo.0803770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyle, R. H., Fejfar, M. C., & Miller, J. D. (2000). Personality and sexual risk taking: A quantitative review. Journal of Personality, 68, 1203–1231. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, E., Vorst, H., Finn, P., & Bancroft, J. (2002). The Sexual Inhibition (SIS) and Sexual Excitation (SES) Scales: I. Measuring sexual inhibition and excitation proneness in men. Journal of Sex Research, 39(2), 114–126. doi: 10.1080/00224490209552130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47. doi:10.1177/109019818401100101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarmolowicz, D. P., Bickel, W. K., & Gatchalian, K. M. (2013). Alcohol-dependent individuals discount sex at higher rates than controls. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 131, 320–323. doi:10.1016/J.Drugalcdep.2012.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. W., & Bruner, N. R. (2012). the sexual discounting task: HIV risk behavior and the discounting of delayed sexual rewards in cocaine dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123, 15–21. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K. (1999). Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls. Journal of Experimental Psychology—General, 128, 78–87. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawyer, S. R. (2008). Probability and delay discounting of erotic stimuli. Behavioural Processes, 79, 36–42. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawyer, S. R. (2013). Risk taking for sexual versus monetary outcomes using the balloon analogue risk task. Psychological Record, 63, 803–819. doi:10.11133/j.tpr.2013.63.4.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawyer, S. R., Boomhower, S. R., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2015). Differential associations between obesity and behavioral measures of impulsivity. Appetite, 95, 375–382. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawyer, S. R., & Schoepflin, F. J. (2013). Predicting domain-specific outcomes using delay and probability discounting for sexual versus monetary outcomes. Behavioural Processes, 96, 71–78. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledgerwood, D. M., Alessi, S. M., Phoenix, N., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Behavioral assessment of impulsivity in pathological gamblers with and without substance use disorder histories versus healthy controls. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 105, 89–96. doi:10.1016/J.Drugalcdep.2009.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lejuez, C. W., Bornovalova, M. A., Daughters, S. B., & Curtin, J. J. (2005). Differences in impulsivity and sexual risk behavior among inner-city crack/cocaine users and heroin users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77, 169–175. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lejuez, C. W., Read, J. P., Kahler, C. W., Richards, J. B., Ramsey, S. E., Stuart, G. L., … Brown, R. A. (2002). Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8, 75–84. doi:10.1037//1076-898x.8.2.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, S., Sherritt, L., Gabrielli, J., Shrier, L. A., & Knight, J. R. (2009). Screening adolescents for substance use-related high-risk sexual behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 473–477. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, G. D., Cowan, W. B., & Davis, K. A. (1984). On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A model and a method. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 276–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science, 8, 60–64. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macapagal, K. R., Janssen, E., Fridberg, D. J., Finn, P. R., & Heiman, J. R. (2011). The effects of impulsivity, sexual arousability, and abstract intellectual ability on men’s and women’s go/no-go task performance. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 995–1006. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9676-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLaren, V. V., Fugelsang, J. A., Harrigan, K. A., & Dixon, M. J. (2012). Effects of impulsivity, reinforcement sensitivity, and cognitive style on pathological gambling symptoms among frequent slot machine players. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 390–394. doi:10.1016/J.Paid.2011.10.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (2010). Impulsivity: The behavioral and neurological science of discounting. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Mazur, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In M. L. Commons, J. E. Mazur, J. A. Nevin, & H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior: Vol. 5, The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value (pp. 55–73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. (1999). Measures of impulsviity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 455–464. doi:10.1007/PL00005491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myerson, J., Green, L., & Warusawitharana, M. (2001). Area under the curve as a measure of discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 76, 235–243. doi:10.1901/Jeab.2001.76-235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nederkoorn, C., Guerrieri, R., Havermans, R. C., Roefs, A., & Jansen, A. (2009). The interactive effect of hunger and impulsivity on food intake and purchase in a virtual supermarket. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 905–912. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odum, A. L., & Baumann, A. A. (2007). Cigarette smokers show steeper discounting of both food and cigarettes than money. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 91, 293–296. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Operario, D., Kuo, C., Sosa-Rubi, S. G., & Galarraga, O. (2013). Conditional economic incentives for reducing HIV risk behaviors: Integration of psychology and behavioral economics. Health Psychology, 32, 932–940. doi:10.1037/A0032760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owusu-Edusei, K., Jr., Chesson, H. W., Gift, T. L., Tao, G., Mahajan, R., Ocfemia, M. C., & Kent, C. K. (2013). The estimated direct medical cost of selected sexually transmitted infections in the United States, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40, 197–201. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmuss en, E. B., Lawyer, S. R., & Reilly, W. (2010). Percent body fat is related to delay and probability discounting for food in humans. Behavioural Processes, 83, 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, B., Richards, J. B., Horn, K., & Karraker, K. (2004). Delay discounting and probability discounting as related to cigarette smoking status in adults. Behavioural Processes, 65, 35–42. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(03)00109-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, J. B., Zhang, L., Mitchell, S. H., & de Wit, H. (1999). Delay or probability discounting in a model of impulsive behavior: Effect of alcohol. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 71, 121–143. doi:10.1901/jeab.1999.71-121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterwhite, C. L., Torrone, E., Meites, E., Dunne, E. F., Mahajan, R., Ocfemia, M. C., … Weinstock, H. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among U.S. women and men: Prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40, 187–193. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, A., Catena, A., Megias, A., Maldonado, A., Candido, A., Verdejo-Garcia, A., & Perales, J. C. (2013). Emotional and non-emotional pathways to impulsive behavior and addiction. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/Fnhum.2013.00043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turchik, J. A., & Garske, J. P. (2009). Measurement of sexual risk taking among college students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 936–948. doi:10.1007/S10508-008-9388-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeken, S., Braet, C., Claus, L., Nederkoorn, C., & Oosterlaan, J. (2009). Childhood obesity and impulsivity: An investigation with performance-based measures. Behaviour Change, 26, 153–167. doi:10.1375/bech.26.3.153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle, M. C., Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A., & Martin-Thormeyer, E. M. (2010). Iowa Gambling Task performance and emotional distress interact to predict risky sexual behavior in individuals with dual substance and HIV diagnoses. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32, 1110–1121. doi:10.1080/13803391003757833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller, R. E., Cook, E. W. III, Avsar, K. B., & Cox, J. E. (2008). Obese women show greater delay discounting than healthy-weight women. Appetite, 51, 563–569. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar