“Chasing Tail”: Testing the Relative Strength of Sexual Interest and Social Interaction as Predictors of Furry Identity

References

• Aggrawal, A. (2011). A new classification of zoophilia. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 18(2), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2011.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bee, S. [Full frontal with Samantha bee]. (2020, March 26). The furries are on to something. Youtube. Turner Broadcasting System (TBS). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV8zuku7wn0
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, P., Paolone, N., Hinger, J., Gerbasi, K., Conway, S., Privitera, A., & Scaletta, L. (2008). Furries from A to Z (anthropomorphism to zoomorphism). Society & Animals, 16(3), 197–222. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853008X323376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, R. (2020). The social identity approach: Appraising the Tajfellian legacy. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T. O. L. (2010). “If someone finds out you’re a perv”: The experience and management of stigma in the BDSM subculture [ Master’s thesis]. Ohio University.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, S. (2022, January 28). Tiktok, furries & freedom fries: Here are the five most absurd controversies to hit Texas schools. Dallas Observer. https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/tiktok-furries-and-freedom-fries-here-are-the-5-dumbest-controversies-to-hit-texas-schools-13296189
   Google Scholar
• Castro, F., & Barbato, R. (2001). Plushies and furries [Film]. World of Wonder Productions, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Chadborn, D., Edwards, P., & Reysen, S. (2017). Displaying fan identity to make friends. Intensities: The Journal of Cult Media, 9(9), 87–97. https://intensitiescultmedia.com/2017/05/09/issue-9-spring-2017-available-now/
   Google Scholar
• Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31(5), 410–436. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1995.1018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, P., Chadborn, D. P., Plante, C., Reysen, S., & Redden, M. H. (2019). Meet the bronies: The psychology of adult my little pony fandom. McFarland & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, K. (2008, October 23). The furry sociological survey. Gwern Branwen. Retrieved July 13, 2017 from https://web.archive.org/web/20130904201818/http://www.cannedgeek.com/images/sharedfles/fss_report_fnaldraft.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Ferreras, J. (2016, March 10). Syrian refugees get put up in same hotel as furries. Kids love it. Huffpost. https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/furries-convention-syrian-refugee-kids-vancouver_n_9432534
   Google Scholar
• Funk, D. C., Ridinger, L. L., & Moorman, A. M. (2004). Exploring origins of involvement: Understanding the relationship between consumer motives and involvement with professional sport teams. Leisure Sciences, 26(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400490272440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FurScience. (nd.). Research findings ( 5.1 Orientation). Retrieved April 9, 2021, 5.1 Orientation https://furscience.com/research-findings/sex-relationships-pornography/5-1-orientation/
   Google Scholar
• Gagnon, J. H., & Simon, W. (1973). Sexual conduct: The social sources of human sexuality. Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Gert, B., & Culver, C. M. (2009). Sex, immorality, and mental disorders. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 34(5), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhp037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grey, B. T. (2020). Furry sexuality: Conditioned fetishes a better explanation than erotic target identity inversion. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(1), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01490-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurley, G. (2001). Pleasures of the fur. Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2001/03/furries200103
   Google Scholar
• Heminway, A. (2020, February 27). Anthro New England convention links furries to LGBTQ+ community. The Huntington News. https://huntnewsnu.com/62057/lifestyle/anthrocon-convention-links-furries-to-lgbtq-community/
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, K. J., & Bailey, J. M. (2019). The “furry” phenomenon: Characterizing sexual orientation, sexual motivation, and erotic target identity inversions in male furries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(5), 1349–1369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1303-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, K. J., & Bailey, J. M. (2020). The poverty of condition explanations for sexual interests: Reply to Grey (2019). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(1), 53–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01561-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, A. W.-L., & Tang, L.-R. (2010). Factors motivating sports broadcast viewership with fan identification as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(5), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.5.681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kahle, L. R., Kambara, K. M., & Rose, G. M. (1996). A functional model of fan attendance motivations for college football. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5(4), 51–60. https://fitpublishing.com/content/functional-model-fan-attendance-motivations-college-football
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, L. (2008). James Bond, Peter Pan, and a sticky night of love: Irony and masculinities in amateur animated videos. Journal of Men’s Studies, 16(2), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.1602.124
   Google Scholar
• Kimberly, C., & McGinley, R. (2019). Changes in the swinging lifestyle: A US national and historical comparison. Culture, Health, & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care, 21(2), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2018.1460692
   Google Scholar
• Kington, C. S. (2015). Con culture: A survey of fans and fandom. Journal of Fandom Studies, 3(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1386/jfs.3.2.211_1
   Google Scholar
• Laffan, D. A. (2020). Positive psychosocial outcomes and fanship in K-Pop fans: A social identity perspective. Psychological Reports, 124(5), 2272–2285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120961524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langdridge, D., & Lawson, J. (2019). The psychology of puppy play: A phenomenological investigation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), 2201–2215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01476-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmiller, J. J. (2018). Tell me what you want. De Capo Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lianopoulos, Y., Theodorakis, N. D., Tsigilis, N., Gardikiotis, A., & Koustelios, A. (2020). Elevating self-esteem through sport team identification: A study about local and distant sport teams. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21(4), 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-10-2019-0115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, T., (Writer, Director), Arnarson, H. A., (Writer), & Miller, G., (Writer). (2009). Death over easy: Em-bear-assed [television series episode. In Original productions (Producer), 1000 ways to die. Spike.
   Google Scholar
• Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Why humans have sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(4), 477–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9175-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne, G. R., & McDonald, M. A. (1999). Sport marketing: Managing the exchange process. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Mock, S. E., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2013). Deeper leisure involvement as a coping resource in a stigmatized leisure context. Leisure/Loisir, 37(2), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2013.801152
   Google Scholar
• Montoya, R. M., & Horton, R. S. (2012). A meta-analytic investigation of the processes underlying the similarity-attraction effect. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(1), 64–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407512452989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neville, K. (2017, August 3). How the furry community became a safe space for youth. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/bjmq9d/how-the-furry-community-became-a-safe-space-for-youth
   Google Scholar
• Perrett, C. (2022, January 22). Michigan superintendent denies rumor that litter boxes were put in bathroom for students who identified as furries. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/michigan-superintendent-denies-bathroom-litter-box-furries-2022-1
   Google Scholar
• Pfaus, J. G., Quintana, G. R., Cionnaith, C. E. M., Gerson, C. A., Dube, S., & Coria-Avila, G. A. (2020). Conditioning of sexual interests and paraphilias in humans is difficult to see, virtually impossible to test, and probably exactly how it happens: A comment on Hsu and Bailey (2020). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(5), 1403–1407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01739-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., Chadborn, D., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2020). ‘Get out of my fandom, newbie’: A cross-fandom study of elitism and gatekeeping in fans. The Journal of Fandom Studies, 8(2), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.1386/jfs_00013_1
   Google Scholar
• Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2014). Interaction of socio-structural characteristics predicts identity concealment and self-esteem in stigmatized minority group members. Current Psychology, 33(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-013-9189-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., Reysen, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2015). By the numbers”: Comparing furries and related fandoms. In T. Howl (Ed.), Furries among us: Essays on furries by the most prominent members of the fandom (pp. 106–126). Thurston Howl Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2016). FurScience! A summary of five years of research from the international anthropomorphic research project. FurScience.
   Google Scholar
• Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., Snider, J. S., Schroy, C., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2015). “More than skin-deep”: Biological essentialism in response to a distinctiveness threat in a stigmatized fan community. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(2), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, A., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2017). Psychological needs predict fanship and fandom in anime fans. The Phoenix Papers, 3(1), 56–68. http://perma.cc/S8LC-3QNM
   Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2010). Fanship and fandom: Comparisons between sport fans and non-sport fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33(2), 176–193.
   Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., Katzarska-Miller, I., Nesbit, S. M., & Pierce, L. (2013). Further validation of a single-item measure of social identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(6), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Chadborn, D., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. (2021). Transported to another world: The psychology of anime fans. International Anime Research Project.
   Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2015). Social identity perspective of the furry fandom. In T. Howl (Ed.), Furries among us: Essays on furries by the most prominent members of the fandom (pp. 127–151). Thurston Howl Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2019). Initial validation and reliability of the single-item measure of immersion. Creative Industries Journal, 12(12), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2019.1621586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2022). Social activities mediate the relation between fandom identification and psychological well-being. Leisure Sciences, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.2023714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reysen, S., & Shaw, J. (2016). Sport fan as the default fan: Why non-sport fans are stigmatized. The Phoenix Papers, 2(2), 234–252. http://fansconf.a-kon.com/dRuZ33A/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Sport-Default.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rhein, S. (2000). “Being a fan is more than that”: Fan-specific involvement with music. The World of Music, 42(1), 95–109. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41699316
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, S., Davies-Kneis, C., Plante, C., Reysen, S., Fein, E., McHugh, R., & Gerbasi, K. (2020). Closet? What closet? A qualitative investigation of furries’ expression of sexual orientation in the fandom. In T. Howl (Ed.), Furries among us 3: Essays by furries about furries (pp. 122–140). Thurston Howl Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, S. E., Plante, C. N., Gerbasi, K. C., & Reysen, S. (2015). Clinical interaction with anthropomorphic phenomenon: Notes for health professionals about interacting with clients who possess this unusual identity. Health & Social Work, 40(40), e42–e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, S. E., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2016). Not all fantasies are created equal: Fantasy sport fans’ perceptions of furry, brony, and anime fans. The Phoenix Papers, 2(1), 40–60. http://fansconf.a-kon.com/dRuZ33A/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FanPrejGood-Repaired.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, G. S. (1984). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In C. S. Vance (Ed.), Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality (pp. 267–319). Routledge & Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Schroy, C., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2016). Different motivations as predictors of psychological connection to fan interest and fan groups in anime, furry, and fantasy sport fandoms. The Phoenix Papers, 2(2), 148–167. http://fansconf.a-kon.com/dRuZ33A/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fan-Motivation.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Simula, B. (2019). Pleasure, power, and pain: A review of the literature on the experiences of BDSM participants. Sociology Compass, 13(3), e12668. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, S. (2016, May 6). What it’s like to have sex as a “furry.” New York Post. http://nypost.com/2016/05/06/inside-the-life-of-a-furry
   Google Scholar
• Tague, A. M., Reysen, S., & Plante, C. N. (2020). Belongingness as a mediator of the relationship between felt stigma and identification in fans. The Journal of Social Psychology, 160(3), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1667748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1978). Interindividual and intergroup behaviour. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 27–60). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Trail, G. T., & James, J. D. (2001). The Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24(1), 108–127.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Richer, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Walshok, M. L. (1971). The emergence of middle-class deviant subcultures: The case for swingers. Social Problems, 18(4), 488–495. https://doi.org/10.2307/799723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L. (1995). Preliminary validation of the Sports Fan Motivation Scale. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19(4), 377–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372395019004004
   Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.11747/019372395019004004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L., & James, J. D. (2019). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of fandom. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Weeks, J. (1977). Coming out: Homosexual politics in Britain, from the nineteenth century to the present. Quartet.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, R., & Mylod, M. 2007. The day fuckers [Television series episode]. D. Ellin, S. Levinson, M. Wahlberg, & R. Weiss. Executive Producers Entourage. Home Box Office (HBO) & Leverage Management.
   Google Scholar
• Wignall, L., & McCormack, M. (2017). An exploratory study of a new kink activity: “pup play.” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(3), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0636-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wignall, L., McCormack, M., Cook, T., & Jaspal, R. (2021). Findings from a community survey of individuals who engage in pup play. In Archives of sexual behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02225-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. (2017). National basketball association fandom in China: A comparative analysis of fan behaviors, fan motivation, and team identification [ Master’s thesis], University of Texas at Austin. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60434
   Google Scholar
• Zidenberg, A. M. (2021). Toward a greater understanding of the assessment, psychological correlates, and management of human perpetrated sexual behaviour toward animals [ Doctoral dissertation University of Saskatchewan], Harvest. https://hdl.handle.net/10388/13537
   Google Scholar
• Zuiker, A. E., Stahl, J., & Lewis, R. J. (2003). Fur and loathing [Television series episode. In J. Bruckheimer (executive producer), CSI: Crime scene investigation. CBS Paramount Network Television.
   Google Scholar