Cultural-Psychological Differences, Social Acceptance of Same-Sex Relationships, and Dating App Use Motives of Young GBMSM: A Comparative Study Across Hong Kong, Taipei, and Osaka

References

• Ahadzadeh, A. S., Sharif, S. P., Wei, K. K., & Emami, H. (2014). Narcissism, self-esteem, communication apprehension, and need for affiliation: Difference between social networking site users and non-users. Taylor’s Business Review, 4(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7603/s40932-014-0002-z
   Google Scholar
• Bandinelli, C., & Bandinelli, A. (2021). What does the app want? A psychoanalytic interpretation of dating apps’ libidinal economy. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 26(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41282-021-00217-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardi, C. A., & Brady, M. F. (2010). Why shy people use instant messaging: Loneliness and other motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1722–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudinette, T. (2021). Regimes of desire: Young gay men, media, and masculinity in Tokyo. University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baudinette, T. (2022). BL as a “resource of hope” among Chinese gay men in Japan. In J. Welker & A. Alexy (Eds.), Queer transfigurations: Boys love media in Asia (pp. 42–54). University of Hawaiʻi Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bauermeister, J. A., Leslie-Santana, M., Johns, M. M., Pingel, E., & Eisenberg, A. (2011). Mr. Right and Mr. Right Now: Romantic and casual partner-seeking online among young men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 15(2), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9834-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, C., Birnholtz, J., & Abbott, C. (2015). Seeing and being seen: Co-situation and impression formation using Grindr, a location-aware gay dating app. New Media & Society, 17(7), 1117–1136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814521595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, K., Portingale, J., Giles, S., Griffiths, S., & Krug, I. (2022). Dating app usage and motivations for dating app usage are associated with increased disordered eating. Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(no. 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00693-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun, K. J., Teng, J. T., & Cheon, M. J. (2002). Impact of national culture on information technology usage behaviour: An exploratory study of decision making in Korea and the USA. Behaviour & Information Technology, 21(4), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929021000013491
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, E. (2018). Gay men, identity and social media: A culture of participatory reluctance. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, L. S. (2017). Who uses dating apps? Exploring the relationships among trust, sensation-seeking, smartphone use, and the intent to use dating apps based on the integrative model. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, L. S. (2021). The politics of dating apps: Gender, sexuality, and emergent publics in urban China. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, L. S., & Wu-Ouyang, B. (2023). Sexting among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong and Taiwan: Roles of sensation-seeking, gay identity, and muscularity ideal. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 52(6), 2373–2384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02559-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., & Ding, R. (2020). What are you looking for? Understanding the uses and gratifications of Blued in mainland China. In S.-S.-K. Lam (Ed.), New media spectacles and multimodal creativity in a globalised Asia (pp. 227–249). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y. H. A., Wu, F. C. F., & Adamczyk, A. (2016). Changing attitudes toward homosexuality in Taiwan, 1995–2012. Chinese Sociological Review, 48(4), 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/21620555.2016.1199257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, E. P., Chow, E. P., Wan, E. Y., Wong, W. C., Wong, J. Y., & Fong, D. Y. (2020). The safe use of dating applications among men who have sex with men: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate an interactive web-based intervention to reduce risky sexual behaviours. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08914-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croucher, S., Sommier, M., Rahmani, D., & Appenrodt, J. (2015). A cross-cultural analysis of communication apprehension: A comparison of three European nations. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 15(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v15i2.693
   Google Scholar
• Filice, E., Raffoul, A., Meyer, S. B., & Neiterman, E. (2019). The influence of Grindr, a geosocial networking application, on body image in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: An exploratory study. Body Image, 31, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, D. P., Connelly, C. E., & Meister, D. B. (2003). Information systems research and Hofstede’s culture’s consequences: An uneasy and incomplete partnership. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 50(1), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2002.808265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullwood, C., Nicholls, W., & Makichi, R. (2015). We’ve got something for everyone: How individual differences predict different blogging motivations. New Media & Society, 17(9), 1583–1600. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814530248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallivan, M., & Srite, M. (2005). Information technology and culture: Identifying fragmentary and holistic perspectives of culture. Information and Organization, 15(4), 295–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.005
   Google Scholar
• Gama, A., Martins, M. O., & Dias, S. (2017). HIV research with men who have sex with men (MSM): Advantages and challenges of different methods for most appropriately targeting a key population. AIMS Public Health, 4(3), 221–239. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2017.3.221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindr. (2023). Corporate overview. https://investors.grindr.com/overview/default.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Grov, C., Breslow, A. S., Newcomb, M. E., Rosenberger, J. G., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2014). Gay and bisexual men’s use of the internet: Research from the 1990s through 2013. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(4), 390–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.871626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudelunas, D. (2012). There’s an app for that: The uses and gratifications of online social networks for gay men. Sexuality & Culture, 16(4), 347–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-012-9127-4
   Google Scholar
• Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. (Eds.). (2020). World values survey: Round seven—country-pooled datafile. JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.14281/18241.13
   Google Scholar
• Harden, K. P., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2011). Individual differences in the development of sensation seeking and impulsivity during adolescence: Further evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, M. G., McAnulty, R. D., & Canevello, A. (2022). College students’ motives for in-person meetings with dating application matches. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(2), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, A., Bu, H., Mu, W., Fu, D., & Chen, C. (2023). Understanding motivations for dating app use among gay and bisexual men: Validation, latent profile analysis, and differences in health outcomes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 53(2), 555–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02746-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 451–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoenigl, M., Little, S. J., Grelotti, D., Skaathun, B., Wagner, G. A., Weibel, N., Stockman, J. K., & Smith, D. M. (2020). Grindr users take more risks, but are more open to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis: Could this dating app provide a platform for HIV prevention outreach? Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(7), e135–e140. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. F. (2004). Sources of differences in communication apprehension between Chinese in Taiwan and Americans. Communication Quarterly, 52(4), 370–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370207
   Google Scholar
• Huang, H. T. M. (2011). Queer politics and sexual modernity in Taiwan. Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, E. T. Y., Williams, H., Hocking, J. S., & Lim, M. S. (2016). Safe sex messages within dating and entertainment smartphone apps: A review. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 4(4), e5760. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack’d. (2023). Our story. https://www.jackd.com/
   Google Scholar
• Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, T., & Thornber-Dunwell, M. (2014). Phone apps could help promote sexual health in MSM. The Lancet, 384(9952), 1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61849-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, N. Y., Tseng, P. C., Huang, Y. C., Chen, Y. C., & Hsu, S. T. (2016). Seeking sex partners through the internet and mobile phone applications among men who have sex with men in Taiwan. AIDS Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 28(7), 927–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1131969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, J. (2021). The past, present, and future of Boys Love (BL) cultures in East Asia. In S.-K. Hong & D. Y. Jin (Eds.), Transnational convergence of East Asian pop culture (pp. 96–112). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lau, H., & Stotzer, R. L. (2011). Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation: A Hong Kong study. Employee Responsibilities & Rights Journal, 23(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-010-9150-2
   Google Scholar
• Lee, I., Choi, B., Kim, J., & Hong, S. J. (2007). Culture-technology fit: Effects of cultural characteristics on the post-adoption beliefs of mobile internet users. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 11–51. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415110401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeFebvre, L. E. (2018). Swiping me off my feet: Explicating relationship initiation on Tinder. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(9), 1205–1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517706419
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, L. (2007). Unwillingness-to-communicate and college students’ motives in SMS mobile messaging. Telematics and Informatics, 24(2), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2006.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Lies, E. (2022, November 30). Japan court upholds ban on same-sex marriage but voices rights concern. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-awaits-same-sex-marriage-ruling-crucial-future-lgbtq-rights-2022-11-30/
   Google Scholar
• Lu, A. C. C., Chi, C. G. Q., & Lu, C. Y. R. (2017). Sensation seeking, message sensation value, and destinations: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(3), 357–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014550872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaro, P., Smith, P., Cionini, L., & Velicogna, F. (1979). Sensation-seeking in Italy and the United States. The Journal of Social Psychology, 109(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1979.9924191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCroskey, J. C. (1982). An introduction to rhetorical communication (4th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey, J. C. (1984). The communication apprehension perspective. In J. A. Daly & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (pp. 13–38). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McGorry, S. Y. (2000). Measurement in a cross-cultural environment: Survey translation issues. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750010322070
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B. (2015). “They’re the modern-day gay bar”: Exploring the uses and gratifications of social networks for men who have sex with men. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 476–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowlabocus, S. (2010). Gaydar culture: Gay men, technology and embodiment in the digital age. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pilgrim, C., Luo, Q., Urberg, K. A., & Fang, X. (1999). Influence of peers, parents, and individual characteristics on adolescent drug use in two cultures. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45(1), 85–107. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23093315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, E., Holloway, I., Winetrobe, H., Rhoades, H., Barman-Adhikari, A., Gibbs, J. Carranza, A. Dent, D. Dunlap, S. (2012). Sex risk among young men who have sex with men who use Grindr, a smartphone geosocial networking application. Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.S4-005
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, A. M. (2002). The uses-and-gratifications perspective of media effects. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 525–548). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Sevi, B., Aral, T., & Eskenazi, T. (2018). Exploring the hook-up app: Low sexual disgust and high sociosexuality predict motivation to use Tinder for casual sex. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 17–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smiley, S. L., Wang, S. C., Kierstead, E. C., Smiley-Dower, A., Hamilton, A. B., & Milburn, N. G. (2020). Jack’d dating application motivations, experiences, and sexual risk behaviors: A qualitative pilot study. Journal of LGBT Youth, 17(2), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2019.1623738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suen, Y.-T. (2017, February 27). Lack of legal protection is driving sexual minorities out of Hong Kong. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/2074394/lack-legal-protection-driving-sexual-minorities-out-hong-kong
   Google Scholar
• Sumter, S. R., & Vandenbosch, L. (2019). Dating gone mobile: Demographic and personality-based correlates of using smartphone-based dating applications among emerging adults. New Media & Society, 21(3), 655–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818804773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumter, S. R., Vandenbosch, L., & Ligtenberg, L. (2017). Love me Tinder: Untangling emerging adults’ motivations for using the dating application Tinder. Telematics and Informatics, 34(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamagawa, M. (2018). Coming out of the closet in Japan: An exploratory sociological study. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 14(5), 488–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2017.1338172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, D. T. S., Khor, D., & Chen, Y. C. (2020). Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships: A comparative study of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan. The Sociological Review, 68(1), 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026119858222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, S. H., Hutson, J. A., & Alicea, T. R. (2017). Social consequences of Grindr use: Extending the internet-enhanced self-disclosure hypothesis. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 6645–6657). https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025775
   Google Scholar
• Timmermans, E., & De Caluwé, E. (2017). Development and validation of the Tinder Motives Scale (TMS). Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis, H. C., & Suh, E. M. (2002). Cultural influences on personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 133–160. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the Internet for adolescents: A decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01595.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Wiele, C., & Tong, S. T. (2014). Breaking boundaries: The uses & gratifications of Grindr. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 619–630). https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2636070
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Wu, Y. X., Peng, Z. G., Lu, S. W., Yu, L., Wang, G. P., Fu, X. M., & Wang, Y. H. (2000). Test of sensation seeking in a Chinese sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(1), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00092-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo, T. E. D., & Ng, Y. L. (2016). Sexual risk behaviors among apps-using young men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. AIDS Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 28(3), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1093597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Tang, L. S. T., & Leung, L. (2011). Gratifications, collective self-esteem, online emotional openness, and traitlike communication apprehension as predictors of Facebook uses. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(12), 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. University of Cambridge Press.
   Google Scholar