52
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Adolescent Barriers to Sexual Communication with Their Parents: Differences by Sexual and Gender Identity

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Afifi, T. D., Joseph, A., & Aldeis, D. (2008). Why can’t we just talk about it? An observational study of parents’ and adolescents’ conversations about sex. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23(6), 689–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558408323841
  • Ahari, S. B., Moghadam, Z. B., Azin, S. A., & Maasoumi, R. (2020). Concerns and educational needs of Iranian parents regarding the sexual health of their male adolescents: a qualitative study. Reproductive Health, 17(24), 1–9. 10.1186/s12978-020-0883-6
  • Astle, S. M., & Anders, K. M. (2023). The relationship between topic-specific quality of parent– child sexual communication and measures of sexual self-concept and sexual subjectivity. The Journal of Sex Research, 60(7), 1055–1067. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2081312
  • Astle, S., & Brasileiro, J. (2023). Whose job is it anyway? Parents’ perspectives of responsibilities for educating their children about sex. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00898-w
  • Atienzo, E. E., Ortiz-Panozo, E., & Campero, L. (2015). Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication: A study from Mexico. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 27(3), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0025
  • Beckmeyer, J. J., Herbenick, D., Fu, T. C., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2021). Pleasure during adolescents’ most recent partnered sexual experience: Findings from a US probability survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(6), 2423–2434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02026-4
  • Burgess, V., Dziegielewski, S. F., & Green, C. E. (2005). Improving comfort about sex communication between parents and their adolescents: Practice-based research within a teen sexuality group. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(4), 379. https://doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhi023
  • Byers, E. S. (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 8(1–2), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v08n01_02
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Weaver, A. D. (2008). Parents’ reports of sexual communication with children in kindergarten to grade 8. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00463.x
  • Champion, V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2008). The health belief model. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health Behavior & Health Education: Theory, Research, & Practice (4th ed., pp. 45–65). Jossey-Bass.
  • Coakley, T. M., Randolph, S., Shears, J., Beamon, E. R., Collins, P. & Sides, T. (2017). Parent–youth communication to reduce at-risk sexual behavior: A systematic literature review. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(6), 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2017.1313149
  • Coffelt, T. A. (2010). Is sexual communication challenging between mothers and daughters? Journal of Family Communication, 10(2), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431003595496
  • Dennis, A. C., & Wood, J. T. (2012). “We’re not going to have this conversation, but you get it”: Black mother–daughter communication about sexual relations. Women’s Studies in Communication, 35(2), 204–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2012.724525
  • Dotson-Blake, K. P., Knox, D., & Zusman, M. E. (2012). Exploring social sexual scripts related to oral sex: A profile of college student perceptions. The Professional Counselor, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15241/kpd.2.1.1
  • Estes, M. L. (2017). “If there’s one benefit, you’re not going to get pregnant”: The sexual miseducation of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Sex Roles, 77, 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0749-8
  • Evans, R., Widman, L., Kamke, K., & Stewart, J. L. (2020). Gender differences in parents’ communication with their adolescent children about sexual risk and sex-positive topics. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345
  • Fitzharris, J. L., & Werner-Wilson, R. J. (2004). Multiple perspectives of parent-adolescent sexuality communication: Phenomenological description of a Rashoman effect. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(4), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180490437367
  • Flores, D., & Barroso, J. (2017). 21st century parent–child sex communication in the United States: A process review. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4–5), 532–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1267693
  • Flores, D., Docherty, S. L., Relf, M. V., McKinney, R. E., & Barroso, J. V. (2019). “It’s almost like gay sex doesn’t exist”: Parent-child sex communication according to gay, bisexual, and queer male adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(5), 528–562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558418757464
  • Flores, D. D., Meanley, S. P., Bond, K. T., Agenor, M., Relf, M. V., & Barroso, J. V. (2021). Topics for inclusive parent-child sex communication by gay, bisexual, queer youth. Behavioral Medicine, 47(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2019.1700481
  • Gallup. (2023). U. S. LGBT identification steady at 7. 2%. https://news.gallup.com/poll/470708/lgbt-identification-steady.aspx
  • Goldfarb, E., Lieberman, L., Kwiatkowski, S., & Santos, P. (2018). Silence and censure: A qualitative analysis of young adults’ reflections on communication with parents prior to first sex. Journal of Family Issues, 39(1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15593576
  • Grossman, J. M., Charmaraman, L., & Erkut, S. (2016). Do as I say, not as I did: How parents talk with early adolescents about sex. Journal of Family Issues, 37(2), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13511955
  • Grossman, J. M., Jones, C., & Richer, A. M. (2023). ‘I put it all out there. I have nothing to hide. It’s my mom’: Parents’ and emerging adults’ perspectives on family talk about sex. Sex Education, 23(4), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2022.2062591
  • Grossman, J. M., Sarwar, P. F., Richer, A. M., & Erkut, S. (2017). “We talked about sex.” “no, we didn’t”: Exploring adolescent and parent agreement about sexuality communication. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 12(4), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2017.1372829
  • Guilamo‐Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Bouris, A. M. (2006). Parental expertise, trustworthiness, and accessibility: Parent‐adolescent communication and adolescent risk behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(5), 1229–1246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00325.x
  • Hadley, W., Lansing, A., Barker, D. H., Brown, L. K., Hunter, H., Donenberg, G., & DiClemente, R. J. (2018). The longitudinal impact of a family-based communication intervention on observational and self-reports of sexual communication. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 27(4), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0949-4
  • Harden, K. P. (2014). A sex-positive framework for research on adolescent sexuality. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614535934
  • Harris, A. L., Sutherland, M. A., & Hutchinson, M. K. (2013). Parental influences of sexual risk among urban African American adolescent males. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12016
  • Huebner, D. M., Rullo, J. E., Thoma, B. C., McGarrity, L., & Mackenzie, J. (2013). Piloting Lead with Love: A film-based intervention to improve parents’ responses to their lesbian, gay, and bisexual children. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 34(5), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0319-y
  • Igartua, K., Thombs, B. D., Burgos, G., & Montoro, R. (2009). Concordance and discrepancy in sexual identity, attraction, and behavior among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(6), 602–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.019
  • Jaccard, J., Dittus, P. J., & Gordon, V. V. (2000). Parent-teen communication about premarital sex: Factors associated with the extent of communication. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558400152001
  • Javidi, H., Widman, L., Maheux, A. J., McCrimmon, J., Evans-Paulson, R., & Becker, W. (2024). PACT: Developing and evaluating a digital sexual consent program for youth. The Journal of Sex Research, 61(3), 466–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2023.2208560
  • Jerman, P., & Constantine, N. A. (2010). Demographic and psychological predictors of parent–adolescent communication about sex: A representative statewide analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1164–1174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9546-1
  • Kapungu, C. T., Baptiste, D., Holmbeck, G., McBride, C., Robinson-Brown, M., Sturdivant, A., Crown, L., & Paikoff, R. (2010). Beyond the “Birds and the Bees”: Gender differences in sex-related communication among urban African-American adolescents. Family Process, 49(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01321.x
  • Lou, J. H., Chen, S. H., Li, R. H., & Yu, H. Y. (2011). Relationships among sexual self‐concept, sexual risk cognition and sexual communication in adolescents: A structural equation model. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(11‐12), 1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03358.x
  • Malacane, M., & Beckmeyer, J. J. (2016). A review of parent-based barriers to parent–adolescent communication about sex and sexuality: Implications for sex and family educators. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 11(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2016.1146187
  • Martinez, G., & Abma, J. C. (2020). Sexual activity and contraceptive use among teenagers aged 15–19 in the United States, 2015–2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db366.htm#:~:text=Data%20from%20the %202015–2017%20National%20Survey%20of%20Family%20Growth&text=In%202015–2017%2C%2078%25,contraceptive%20method%20among%2 0female%20teenagers
  • Matthews, D. D., Blosnich, J. R., Farmer, G. W., & Adams, B. J. (2014). Operational definitions of sexual orientation and estimates of adolescent health risk behaviors. LGBT Health, 1(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2013.0002
  • McKay, E. A., & Fontenot, H. B. (2020). Parent-adolescent sex communication with sexual and trans youth: An integrated review. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(5), e37–e48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.04.004
  • Mullis, M. D., Kastrinos, A., Wollney, E., Taylor, G., & Bylund, C. L. (2021). International barriers to parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health topics: A qualitative systematic review. Sex Education, 21(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1807316
  • Newcomb, M. E., Feinstein, B. A., Matson, M., Macapagal, K., & Mustanski, B. (2018). “I have no idea what’s going on out there:” Parents’ perspectives on promoting sexual health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0326-0
  • Newcomb, M. E., LaSala, M. C., Bouris, A., Mustanski, B., Prado, G., Schrager, S. M., & Huebner, D. M. (2019). The influence of families on LGBTQ youth health: A call to action for innovation in research and intervention development. LGBT Health, 6(4), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2018.0157
  • Ogle, S., Glasier, A., & Riley, S. C. (2008). Communication between parents and their children about sexual health. Contraception, 77(4), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2007.12.003
  • Pariera, K. L. (2016). Barriers and prompts to parent-child sexual communication. Journal of Family Communication, 16(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2016.1181068
  • Pariera, K. L., & Brody, E. (2023). Encouraging parental sexual communication with teen sons: A social norms experiment. Health Communication, 38(7), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.2010352
  • Parker, C. M., Hirsch, J. S., Philbin, M. M., & Parker, R. G. (2018). The urgent need for research and interventions to address family-based stigma and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(4), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.018
  • Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Medico, D., Gelly, M., Kirichenko, V., & Suerich-Gulick, F. (2022). Blossoming child, mourning parent: A qualitative study of trans children and their parents navigating transition. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(7), 1771–1784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02178-w
  • Ritchwood, T. D., Peasant, C., Powell, T. W., Taggart, T., Corbie-Smith, G., & Akers, A. Y. (2018). Predictors of caregiver communication about reproductive and sexual health and sensitive sex topics. Journal of Family Issues, 39(8), 2207–2231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X17741920
  • Ritchwood, T. D., Penn, D., Peasant, C., Albritton, T., & Corbie-Smith, G. (2017). Condom use self-efficacy among younger rural adolescents: The influence of parent-teen communication, and knowledge of and attitudes toward condoms. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615599065
  • Rose, I. D., Friedman, D. B., Annang, L., Spencer, S. M., & Lindley, L. L. (2014). Health communication practices among parents and queer youth. Journal of LGBT Youth, 11(3), 316–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2013.864964
  • Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403
  • Scull, T. M., Carl, A. E., Keefe, E. M., & Malik, C. V. (2022). Exploring parent-gender differences in parent and adolescent reports of the frequency, quality, and content of their sexual health communication. The Journal of Sex Research, 59(1), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1936439
  • Sharpe, D. (2015). Chi-square test is statistically significant: Now what? Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 20, 8. https://doi.org/10.7275/tbfa-x148
  • Shtarkshall, R. A., Santelli, J. S., & Hirsch, J. S. (2007). Sex education and sexual socialization: Roles for educators and parents. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39(2), 116–119. https://doi.org/10.1363/3911607
  • Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1986). Sexual scripts: Permanence and change. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 15(2), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01542219
  • Sisco, K. M., Martins, S. L., Kavanagh, E. K., & Gilliam, M. L. (2014). Parent–daughter communication about abortion among nonpregnant African-American adolescent females. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(6), 835–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.010
  • Stidham-Hall, K., Moreau, C., & Trussell, J. (2012). Patterns and correlates of parental and formal sexual and reproductive health communication for adolescent women in the United States, 2002–2008. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(4), 410–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.06.007
  • Stone, N., Ingham, R., & Gibbins, K. (2013). ‘Where do babies come from?’ Barriers to early sexuality communication between parents and young children. Sex Education, 13(2), 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.737776
  • Tolman, D. L., & McClelland, S. I. (2011). Normative sexuality development in adolescence: A decade in review, 2000–2009. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00726.x
  • Troth, A., & Peterson, C. C. (2000). Factors predicting safe-sex talk and condom use in early sexual relationships. Health Communication, 12(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327027HC1202_5
  • Warwick, R. M., Araya, A. C., Shumer, D. E., & Selkie, E. M. (2022). Transgender youths’ sexual health and education: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 35(2), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.09.011
  • Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Helms, S. W., Golin, C. E., & Prinstein, M. J. (2014). Sexual communication between early adolescents and their dating partners, parents, and best friends. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(7), 731–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.843148
  • Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S. M., Nesi, J., & Garrett, K. (2016). Parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sex behavior: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2731
  • Wilson, E. K., Dalberth, B. T., Koo, H. P., & Gard, J. C. (2010). Parents’ perspectives on talking to preteenage children about sex. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1363/4205610
  • Zayas, L. H., Cabassa, L. J., & Perez, M. C. (2005). Capacity-to-consent in psychiatric research: Development and preliminary testing of a screening tool. Research on Social Work Practice, 15(6), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731505275867
  • Zhang, Z., Zhu, S., Mink, J., Xiong, A., Song, L., & Wang, G. (2022, April). Beyond bot detection: Combating fraudulent online survey takers. In Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022, Lyon, France (pp. 699–709).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.