2,413
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Signaling trustworthiness: The effect of leader humor on feedback-seeking behavior

, &
Pages 170-189 | Received 16 Aug 2018, Accepted 07 May 2019, Published online: 03 Jun 2019

References

  • Anderson, C., Ames, D. R., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). The perils of status self enhancement in teams and organizations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 90–101. doi:10.1177/0146167207307489
  • Anseel, F., Beatty, A., Shen, W., Lievens, F., & Sackett, P. R. (in press). How are we doing after 30 years? A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior. Journal of Management. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0149206313484521
  • Anseel, F., Beatty, A. S., Shen, W., Lievens, F., & Sacket, P. R. (2015). How are we doing after 30 years? A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior. Journal of Management, 41(1), 318–348. doi:10.1177/0149206313484521
  • Anseel, F., Lievens, F., & Levy, R. E. (2007). A self-motive’s perspective on feedback-seeking behavior: Linking organizational behavior and social psychology research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(3), 211–236. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00210.x
  • Antonakis, J., Bastardoz, N., Jacquart, P., & Shamir, B. (2016). Charisma: An ill-defined and ill-measured gift. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 293–319. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305
  • Ashford, S. J. (1986). Feedback-seeking in individual adaptation: A resource perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 29(3), 465–487.
  • Ashford, S. J., Blatt, R., & VandeWalle, D. (2003). Reflections on the looking glass: A review of research on feedback-seeking behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 29(6), 773–799. doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00079-5
  • Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1983). Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32(3), 370–398. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(83)90156-3
  • Ashford, S. J., De Stobbeleir, K., & Nujella, M. (2016). To seek or not to seek: Is that the only question? Recent developments in feedback-seeking literature. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 213–239. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062314
  • Ashford, S. J., & Tsui, A. S. (1991). Self-regulation for managerial effectiveness: The role of active feedback-seeking. Academy of Management Journal, 34(2), 251–280.
  • Avolio, B. J., Howell, J. M., & Sosik, J. J. (1999). A funny thing happened on the way to the bottom line: Humor as a moderator of leadership style effects. Academy of Management Journal, 42(2), 219–227.
  • Bangerter, A., Roulin, N., & Konig, C. J. (2012). Personnel selection as a signaling game. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), 719–738. doi:10.1037/a0026078
  • Bartram, T., & Casimir, G. (2007). The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader: The mediating effects of empowerment and trust in the leader. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 28(1), 4–19. doi:10.1108/01437730710718218
  • Baumeister, R. (1999). The self. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 680–740). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  • Belogolovsky, E., & Bamberger, P. A. (2014). Signaling in secret: Pay for performance and the incentive and sorting effects of pay secrecy. Academy of Management Journal, 57(6), 1706–1733. doi:10.5465/amj.2012.0937
  • Berger, J., Cohen, P., & Zelditch, M. (1972). Status characteristics and social interaction. American Sociological Review, 37(3), 241–255. doi:10.2307/2093465
  • Bitterly, T. B., Brooks, A. W., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2017). Risky business: When humor increases and decreases status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(3), 431–455. doi:10.1037/pspi0000079
  • Burke, C. S., Sims, D. E., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. Leadership Quarterly, 18, 606–632. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.006
  • Cann, A., & Calhoun, L. G. (2001). Perceived personality associations with differences in sense of humor: Stereotypes of hypothetical others with high or low senses of humor. Humor–International Journal of Humor Research, 14(2), 117–130. doi:10.1515/humr.14.2.117
  • Cann, A., Cann, A. T., & Jordan, J. A. (2016). Understanding the effects of exposure to humor expressing affiliative and aggressive motivations. Motivation and Emotion, 40(2), 258–267. doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9524-8
  • Certo, C.T. (2003). Influencing initial public offering investors with prestige: signaling with board structures. Academy of Management Review, 28, 432–446. doi:10.5465/amr.2003.10196754
  • Chafe, W. (2007). The importance of not being earnest: The feeling behind laughter and humor. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Chen, Z., Lam, W., & Zhong, J. A. (2007). Leader-member exchange and member performance: A new look at individual-level negative feedback-seeking behavior and team-level empowerment climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 202–211. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.202
  • Cho, J., & Dansereau, F. (2010). Are transformational leaders fair? A multi-level study of transformational leadership, justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), 409–428. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.006
  • Choi, B. K., Moon, H. K., & Nae, E. Y. (2014). Cognition-and affect-based trust and feedback-seeking behavior: The roles of value, cost, and goal orientations. The Journal of Psychology, 148(5), 603–620. doi:10.1080/00223980.2013.818928
  • Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67. doi:10.1177/0149206310388419
  • Conway, J. M., & Lance, C. E. (2010). What reviewers should expect from authors regarding common method bias in organizational research. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 325–334. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9181-6
  • Cooper, C. D. (2002). No laughing matter: The impact of supervisor humor on leader member exchange quality. Dissertation Abstracts International, 89, 2161.
  • Cooper, C. D. (2008). Elucidating the bonds of workplace humor: A relational process model. Human Relations, 61(8), 1087–1115. doi:10.1177/0018726708094861
  • Cooper, C. D., Kong, D. T., & Crossley, C. D. (2018). Leadership Humor as an interpersonal resource: Integrating three theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 769–796. doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0358
  • Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462. doi:10.1177/014920630002600304
  • Crawford, C. B. (1994). Theory and implications regarding the utilization of strategic humor by leaders”. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(4), 53–67. doi:10.1177/107179199400100406
  • Deutsch Salamon, S., & Deutsch, Y. (2006). OCB as a handicap: An evolutionary psychological perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(2), 185–199. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379
  • Dubinsky, A. J., Yammarino, F. J., & Jolson, M. A. (1995). An examination of linkages between personal characteristics and dimensions of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 9(3), 315–335. doi:10.1007/BF02230972
  • Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95, 256–273. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256
  • Ehrhart, K. H. and Siegert, J. C. (2005). Why are individuals attracted to organizations? Journal of Management, 31, 901–919.
  • Eisinga, R., Grotenhuis, M., & Pelzer, B. (2013). The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown? International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637–642. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3
  • Fedor, D. B., Rensvold, R. B., & Adams, S. M. (1992). An investigation of factors expected to affect feedback seeking: A longitudinal field study. Personnel Psychology, 45(4), 779–805. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1992.tb00968.x
  • Filatotchev, I., & Bishop, K., (2002). Board composition, share ownership and 'under-pricing' of UK I.P.O firms. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 941–955.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Gardner, W. L. & Avolio, B. (1998). The charismatic relationship: a dramaturgical perspective. Academy of Management Review, 23(1): 32–58.
  • Gkorezis, P., & Bellou, V. (2016). The relationship between leader self-deprecating humor and perceived effectiveness: Trust in leader as a mediator. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(7), 882–898. doi:10.1108/LODJ-11-2014-0231
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178. doi:10.2307/2092623
  • Grafen, A. (1990). Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517–546. doi:10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80088-8
  • Grant, A.M, & Ashford, S. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
  • Greengross, G., & Miller, G. (2011). Humor ability reveals intelligence, predicts mating success, and is higher in males. Intelligence, 39(4), 188–192. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.03.006
  • Greengross, G., & Miller, G.F. (2008). Dissing oneself versus dissing rivals: effects of status, personality, and sex on the short-term and long-term attractiveness of self-deprecating and other-deprecating humor. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 393–408. doi:10.1177/147470490800600303
  • Griffin, M.A, Neal, A., & Parker, S.K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327–347. doi:10.5465/amj.2007.24634438
  • Hall, J. A., Coats, E. J., & Smith, L. (2005). Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 898–924. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.898
  • Hampes, W. (2006). Humor and shyness: The relation between humor styles and shyness. Humor, 19(2), 179–187. doi:10.1515/HUMOR.2006.009
  • Hampes, W. P. (1999). The relationship between humor and trust. International Journal of Humor Research, 12(3), 253–259. doi:10.1515/humr.1999.12.3.253
  • Hawkes, K., & Bliege Bird, R. (2002). Showing off, handicap signaling, and the evolution of men’s work. Evolutionary Anthropology, 11(2), 58–67. doi:10.1002/evan.20005
  • Hochwater, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Arnell, B., & James, M. (2007). Reputation is a moderator of political behavior, work outcomes and relationships: a two-study investigation with convergent results. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 567–576.
  • Huang, J. T. (2012). Be proactive as empowered? The role of trust in one’s supervisor in psychological empowerment, feedback seeking, and job performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(1), 103–127. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01019.x
  • Huang, L., Gino, F., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). The highest form of intelligence: Sarcasm increases creativity for both expressers and recipients. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 131, 162–177. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.07.001
  • Johns, G. (2006). The essential impact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 386–408. doi:10.5465/amr.2006.20208687
  • Kirmani, A.& Rao, A. R. (2000). No pain, no gain: a critical review of the literature on unobservable product quality. Journal of Marketing 64(2), 66–79.
  • Koopman, J., Howe, M., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014). Pulling the sobel test up by its bootstraps. In C. E. Lance & R. J. Vandenberg (Eds.), More statistical and methodological myths and urban legends (pp. 224–244). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Kramer, M. W. (1994). Uncertainty reduction during job transitions: An exploratory study of the communication experiences of newcomers and transferees. Management Communication Quarterly, 7(4), 384–412. doi:10.1177/0893318994007004002
  • Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2009). Signs of socio-economic status: A thin-slicing approach. Psychological Science, 20, 99–106. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02251.x
  • Kuiper, N.A., & Leite, C. (2010). Personality impressions associated with four distinct humor styles. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 115–122. doi: 10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9450
  • Lehmann-Willenbrock, N., & Allen, J. A. (2014). How fun are your meetings? Investigating the relationship between humor patterns in team interactions and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1278–1287. doi:10.1037/a0035640
  • Levy, P. E., Cober, R. T., & Miller, T. (2006). The effect of transformational and transactional leadership perceptions on feedback seeking intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,32(8), 1703–1720.
  • Lount, R. B., Jr., & Pettit, N. C. (2011). The social context of trust: The role of status. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 117(2011), 15–23. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.07.005
  • Lynch, O. (2002). Humorous communication: Finding a place for humor in communication research. Communication Theory, 12(4), 423–446. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00277.x
  • Ma, R. & Allen,D.G. (2009).Recruiting across cultures: a value-based model of recruitment.Human Resource Management Review, 19, 334–346
  • MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. The Academy of Management Annals, 2, 351–398. doi:10.1080/19416520802211628
  • Malhotra, D. (2004). Trust and reciprocity decisions: The differing perspectives of trusters and trusted parties. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 94, 61–73. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.03.001
  • Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in the uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 48–75. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2
  • Martin, S. L., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. M. (2013). Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1372–1395. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0113
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734. doi:10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335
  • McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24–59.
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J., Glew, D. J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2012). A meta-analysis of positive humor in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(2), 155–190. doi:10.1108/02683941211199554
  • Mitchell, H. H., Graesser, A. C., & Louwerse, M. M. (2010). The Effect of context on humor: A constraint-based model of verbal jokes. Discourse Processes, 47, 104–129. doi:10.1080/01638530902959893
  • Morrison, E. W. (1993). Newcomer information seeking: Exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy ofManagement Journal, 36(3), 557–589.
  • Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373–412. doi:10.5465/19416520.2011.574506
  • Morrison, E. W., & Bies, R. J. (1991). Impression management in the feedback-seeking process: A literature review and research agenda. Academy of Management Review, 16(3), 522–541.
  • Morrison, E. W., & Vancouver, J. B. (2000). Within-person analysis of information seeking: The effects of perceived costs and benefits. Journal of Management, 26(1), 119–137. doi:10.1177/014920630002600101
  • Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (1998-2015). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., & Farh, J. (1989). Effects of feedback sign and credibility on goal setting and task performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44, 45–67. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(89)90034-4
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
  • Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & ZhangZ. (2010). A general, multi-level SEM framework for assessing multi-level mediation. Psychological Methods, 15(3), 209–233.
  • Priest, R. F., & Swain, J. E. (2002). Humor and its implications for leadership effectiveness. Humor, 15(2), 169–190. doi:10.1515/humr.2002.010
  • Pundt, A. (2015). The relationship between humorous leadership and innovative behavior. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(8), 878–893. doi:10.1108/JMP-03-2013-0082
  • Pundt, A., & Herrmann, F. (2015). Affiliative and aggressive humor in leadership and their relationship to leader–member exchange. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 108–125. doi:10.1111/joop.12081
  • Pundt, A., & Venz, L. (2016). Interesting research, part VIII: Humor discussion leader: Kim. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 1483–1496. In SG Rogelberg (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 1551–1553).
  • Pundt, A., & Venz, L. (2017). Personal need for structure as a boundary condition for humor in leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 87–107. doi:10.1002/job.v38.1
  • Qian, J., Lin, X., & Chen, G. Z. X. (2012). Authentic leadership and feedback-seeking behavior: An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(03), 286–299. doi:10.1017/S1833367200000808
  • Ramaswami, A., Dreher, G. F., & Bretz, R., &Wiethoff, C. (2010). Gender, mentoring and career success: the importance of organizational context. Personnel Psychology, 63: 385–405.
  • Reh, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., & Giessner, S. R. (2017). The aura of charisma: A review on the embodiment perspective as signaling. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(4), 486–507. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.01.001
  • Robert, C., Dunne, T. C., & Iun, J. (2016). The impact of leader subordinate job satisfaction: The crucial role of leader-subordinate relationship quality. Group & Organization Management, 41(3), 375–406. doi:10.1177/1059601115598719
  • Romero, E, & Pescosolido, A. (2008). Humor and group effectiveness. Human Relations, 61(3), 395–418. doi:10.1177/0018726708088999
  • Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 58–69. doi:10.5465/amp.2006.20591005
  • Ross, S.A. (1977). The determination of financial structure: the incentive signaling structure. Bell Journal of Economics, 8, 23–40. doi:10.2307/3003485
  • Rousseau, V, & Aubé, C. (2010). Team self-managing behaviors and team effectiveness: the moderating effect of task routineness. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 751-768. doi:10.1177/1059601110390835
  • Schlenker, B. R. (2003). Self-presentation. In M. R. Leary, J. P. Tangney, M. R. E. Leary, & J. P. E. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 492–518). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Shamir, B., House, R.J., & Arthur, M.B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577–594. doi:10.1287/orsc.4.4.577
  • Shamir, B, Zakay, E., Brienin, E., & Popper, M. (2000). Leadership and social identification in military units: direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 612–640. doi:10.1111/jasp.2000.30.issue-3
  • Spence, A. M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374. doi:10.2307/1882010
  • Spence, M. (2002). Signaling in retrospect and the informational structure of markets. The American Economic Review, 92(3), 407–444. doi:10.1257/00028280260136200
  • Srivastava, J. (2001). The role of inferences in sequential bargaining with one-sided incomplete information: Some experimental evidence. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85(1), 166–187. doi:10.1006/obhd.2000.2936
  • Stewart, P. (2011).The influence of self- and other-deprecatory humor on presidential candidate evaluation during the 2008 US election. Social Science Information, 50(2), 201–222. doi:10.1177/0539018410396616
  • Taj, S. A. (2016). Application of signaling theory in management research: addressing major gaps in theory. European Management Journal, 34(4), 338–348. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2016.02.001
  • Tiedens, L. Z., & Fragale, A. R. (2003). Power moves: Complementarity in dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 558–568.
  • Vancouver, J. B., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Feedback inquiry: The effect of source attributes and individual differences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62(3), 276–285. doi:10.1006/obhd.1995.1050
  • VandeWalle, D., & Cummings, L. L. (1997). A test of the influence of goal orientation on the feedback-seeking process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(3), 390–400. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.3.390
  • VandeWalle, D., Ganesan, S., Challagalla, G. N., & Brown, S. P. (2000). An integrated model of feedback-seeking behavior: Disposition, context, and cognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 996–1003.
  • Vecchio, R. P., Justin, J. E., & Pearce, C. L. (2009). The influence of leader humor on relationships between leader behavior and follower outcomes. Journal of Managerial Issues, 21, 171–194.
  • Wang, S., Tomlinson, E. C., & Noe, R. A. (2010). The role of mentor trust and protégé internal locus of control in formal mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 358–367. doi:10.1037/a0017663
  • Warren, C., & McGraw, A. P. (2016). Differentiating what is humorous from what is not. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(3), 407–430. doi:10.1037/pspi0000041
  • Wrench, J. S., & Booth‐Butterfield, M. (2003). Increasing patient satisfaction and compliance: An examination of physician humor orientation, compliance‐gaining strategies, and perceived credibility. Communication Quarterly, 51(4), 482–503. doi:10.1080/01463370309370169
  • Wrench, J. S., & Richmond, V. P. (2000, November 8–12). The relationship between teacher humor assessment and motivation, credibility, verbal aggression, affective learning, perceived learning and learning loss. Paper presented at the National Communicating Association`s Annual Conference, Seattle, WA.
  • Wyer, R. S., & Collins, J. E. (1992). A theory of humor elicitation. Psychological Review, 99(4), 663–688.
  • Yam, K. C., Christian, M. S., Wei, W., Liao, Z., & Nai, J. (2018). The mixed blessing of leader sense of Humor: Examining costs and benefits. Academy of Management Journal, 61(1), 348–369. doi:10.5465/amj.2015.1088
  • Yip, J. A., & Martin, R. A. (2006). Sense of humor, emotional intelligence, and social competence. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(6), 1202–1208. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.005
  • Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection – A selection for handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 205–214.
  • Zand, D. E. (1972). Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(2), 229–239. doi:10.2307/2393957
  • Zeigler-Hill, V., Besser, A., & Jett, S. E. (2013). Laughing at the looking glass: Does humor style serve as an interpersonal signal? Evolutionary Psychology, 11(1), 201–226.
  • Zeigler-Hill, V., Myers, E. M. (2011). An implicit theory of self-esteem: the consequences of perceived self-esteem for romantic desirability Evolutionary Psychology, 9(2): 147–180.
  • Zigarmi, D., & Roberts, T. P. (2017). A test of three basic assumptions of Situational Leadership II Model and their implications for HRD practitioners. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(3), 241–260. doi:10.1108/EJTD-05-2016-0035

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.