660
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Getting the message across: flexitarians as messengers for meat reduction

Pages 335-353 | Received 08 Sep 2021, Accepted 22 Sep 2022, Published online: 22 Oct 2022

References

  • Anderson, J. (2020) “Reduce” Or “Go Veg”? Effects On Meal Choice. (Faunalytics). . . https://faunalytics.org/reduce-or-go-veg/
  • Bashir, N. Y., Lockwood, P., Chasteen, A. L., Nadolny, D., & Noyes, I. (2013). The ironic impact of activists: Negative stereotypes reduce social change influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(7), 614–626. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1983
  • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610393980
  • Chin, M. G., Brian, F., Jr., & Sims, V. K. (2002). Development of the attitudes toward vegetarians scale. Anthrozoös, 15(4), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279302786992441
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Dagevos, H. (2021). Finding flexitarians: Current studies on meat eaters and meat reducers. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 114, 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.021
  • Dakin, B. C., Ching, A. E., Teperman, E., Klebl, C., Moshel, M., & Bastian, B. (2021). Prescribing vegetarian or flexitarian diets leads to sustained reduction in meat intake. Appetite, 164, 105285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105285
  • de Boer, J., de Witt, A., & Aiking, H. (2016). Help the climate, change your diet: A cross-sectional study on how to involve consumers in a transition to a low-carbon society. Appetite, 98, 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.001
  • Earle, M., & Hodson, G. (2017). What’s your beef with vegetarians? Predicting anti-vegetarian prejudice from pro-beef attitudes across cultures. Personality and Individual Differences, 119(Suppl. C), 52–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.034
  • Esposo, S. R., Hornsey, M. J., & Spoor, J. R. (2013). Shooting the messenger: Outsiders critical of your group are rejected regardless of argument quality. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(2), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12024
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Ginn, J., & Lickel, B. (2020). A motivated defense of meat: Biased perceptions of meat’s environmental impact. Journal of Social Issues, 76(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12362
  • González, N., Marquès, M., Nadal, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2020). Meat consumption: Which are the current global risks? A review of recent (2010–2020) evidences. Food Research International, 137, 109341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109341
  • Graça, J., Calheiros, M. M., & Oliveira, A. (2015). Attached to meat? (Un)Willingness and intentions to adopt a more plant-based diet. Appetite, 95, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.024
  • Gupta, M. (2015). The effects of speaker race on whites’ affective and cognitive reactions to statements about racial inequalities. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst). ScholarWorks@Umass. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/361
  • Heerwagen, L. R., Andersen, L. M., Christensen, T., & Sandøe, P. (2014). Can increased organic consumption mitigate climate changes? British Food Journal, 116(8), 1314–1329. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2013-0049
  • Kang, S. K., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2015). Multiple identities in social perception and interaction: Challenges and opportunities. Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), 547–574. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015025
  • Kurz, T., Prosser, A. M. B., Rabinovich, A., & O’Neill, S. (2020). Could vegans and lycra cyclists be bad for the planet? Theorizing the role of moralized minority practice identities in processes of societal-level change. Journal of Social Issues, 76(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12366
  • Laestadius, L. I., Neff, R. A., Barry, C. L., & Frattaroli, S. (2013). Meat consumption and climate change: The role of non-governmental organizations. Climatic Change, 120(1–2), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0807-3
  • Laestadius, L. I., Neff, R. A., Barry, C. L., & Frattaroli, S. (2014). “We don’t tell people what to do”: An examination of the factors influencing NGO decisions to campaign for reduced meat consumption in light of climate change. Global Environmental Change, 29, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.08.001
  • Macdiarmid, J. I., Douglas, F., & Campbell, J. (2016). Eating like there’s no tomorrow: Public awareness of the environmental impact of food and reluctance to eat less meat as part of a sustainable diet. Appetite, 96, 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.011
  • Minson, J., & Monin, B. (2012). Do-gooder derogation: Disparaging morally motivated minorities to defuse anticipated reproach. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611415695
  • Monin, B., & Norton, M. I. (2003). Perceptions of a fluid consensus: Uniqueness bias, false consensus, false polarization, and pluralistic ignorance in a water conservation crisis. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(5), 559–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029005001
  • Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191
  • Rothgerber, H. (2014). Efforts to overcome vegetarian-induced dissonance among meat eaters. Appetite, 79(Suppl. C), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.003
  • Ruby, M. B., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Meat, morals, and masculinity. Appetite, 56(2), 447–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.018
  • Siegrist, M., & Hartmann, C. (2019). Impact of sustainability perception on consumption of organic meat and meat substitutes. Appetite, 132, 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.016
  • Skamp, K., Boyes, E., & Stanisstreet, M. (2013). Beliefs and willingness to act about global warming: Where to focus science pedagogy? Science Education, 97(2), 191–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21050
  • Sparkman, G., Macdonald, B. N. J., Caldwell, K. D., Kateman, B., & Boese, G. D. (2021). Cut back or give it up? The effectiveness of reduce and eliminate appeals and dynamic norm messaging to curb meat consumption. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 75, 101592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101592
  • Sparkman, G., & Walton, G. M. (2017). Dynamic norms promote sustainable behavior, even if it is counternormative. Psychological Science, 28(11), 1663–1674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617719950
  • Sparkman, G., Weitz, E., Robinson, T. N., Malhotra, N., & Walton, G. M. (2020). Developing a scalable dynamic norm menu-based intervention to reduce meat consumption. Sustainability, 12(6), 2453. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062453
  • Sterrett, D., Malato, D., Benz, J., Kantor, L., Tompson, T., Rosenstiel, T., Sonderman, J., & Loker, K. (2019). Who shared it?: Deciding what news to trust on social media. Digital Journalism, 7(6), 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623702
  • Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959
  • Tobler, C., Visschers, V. H. M., & Siegrist, M. (2011). Eating green. Consumers’ willingness to adopt ecological food consumption behaviors. Appetite, 57(3), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.010
  • Wilson, E. J., & Sherrell, D. L. (1993). Source effects in communication and persuasion research: A meta-analysis of effect size. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894421
  • Wynes, S., & Nicholas, K. A. (2017). The climate mitigation gap: Education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions. Environmental Research Letters, 12(7), 074024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541
  • Yuan, S., Ma, W., & Besley, J. C. (2019). Should scientists talk about GMOs nicely? Exploring the effects of communication styles, source expertise, and preexisting attitude. Science Communication, 41(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547019837623

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.