Time for you and for me: compassionate goals predict greater psychological well-being via the perception of time as nonzero-sum resources

References

• Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of the in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596–612. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkland, M. (2017). Experience sampling method. In M. Allen (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/978148338141
   Google Scholar
• Bolger, N., & Larenceau, J.-P. (2013). Intensive longitudinal methods: An introduction to diary and experience sampling research. Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(3), 227–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3889-4
   Google Scholar
• Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(1), 78–106. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal goals and close relationship processes: Potential links to health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00356.x
   Google Scholar
• Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2015). How self-image and compassionate goals shape intrapsychic experiences. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(11), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2017). Compassionate goals and affect in social situations. Motivation and Emotion, 41(2), 158–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9599-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprariello, P. A., & Reis, H. T. (2021). “This one’s on me!”: Differential well-being effects of self-centered and recipient-centered motives for spending money on others. Motivation and Emotion, 45(6), 705–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09907-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 555–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2012). Consequences of self-image and compassionate goals. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 229–277). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., Canevello, A., Breines, J. G., & Flynn, H. (2010). Interpersonal goals and change in anxiety and dysphoria in first-semester college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(6), 1009–1024. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., Canevello, A., & Lewis, K. A. (2017). Romantic relationships in the ecosystem: Compassionate goals, nonzero-sum beliefs, and change in relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson, T. M., Granillo, M. T., Crocker, J., Abelson, J. L., Reas, H. E., & Quach, C. M. (2018). Compassionate and self-image goals as interpersonal maintenance factors in clinical depression and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 608–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, R. J. (1981). The role of perception of time in consumer research. The Journal of Consumer Research, 7(4), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1086/208823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Impett, E. A., Gable, S. L., & Peplau, L. A. (2005). Giving up and giving in: The costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, Y., Sagara, J., Ikeda, M., & Kawaura, Y. (2003). Reliability and validity of subjective well-being scale. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 74(3), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.74.276
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasser, T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2009). Time affluence as a path toward personal happiness and ethical business practice: Empirical evidence from four studies. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1055
   Google Scholar
• Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. (2010). Science, 330(6006), 932. PMID: 21071660. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krull, J. L., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2001). Multilevel modeling of individual and group level mediated effects. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(2), 249–277. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3602_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuncewicz, D., Niiya, Y., & Crocker, J. (2015). Are compassionate and self-image goals comparable across cultures? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(4), 531-522. https://doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2015-0058.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. Cognitive Science, 4(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0402_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas, C. J., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1(3), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86
   Google Scholar
• Miyagawa, Y., Niiya, Y., & Taniguchi, J. (2021). Compassionate goals and responses to social rejection: A mediating role of self-compassion. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02345-8
   Google Scholar
• Mogilner, C., Chance, Z., & Norton, M. I. (2012). Giving time gives you time. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1233–1238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612442551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niiya, Y. (2019). My time, your time, or our time? Time perception and its associations with interpersonal goals and life outcomes. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(5), 1439–1455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0007-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niiya, Y., & Crocker, J. (2019). Interdependent = compassionate? Compassionate and self-image goals and their relationships with interdependence in the United States and Japan. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niiya, Y., Crocker, J., & Mischkowski, D. (2013). Compassionate and self-image goals in the United States and Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(3), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112451053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ookubo, T., Naganuma, N., & Aoyagi, H. (2003). Gakko kankyo ni okeru shinri yokkyuno jusoku to tekioukan tono kanren [The relationship between psychological need satisfaction and subjective adjustment in school environment]. Human Science Research, 12, 21–28.
   Google Scholar
• Perlow, L. A. (1999). The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, P. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). The “why,”“what,” and “how” of healthy self-regulation: Mindfulness and well-being from a self-determination theory perspective. In B. D. Otsafin, M. D. Robinson, & B. P. Meier (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 81–94). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1373–1395. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., Zyphur, M. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). Testing multilevel mediation using hierarchical linear models: Problems and solutions. Organizational Research Methods, 12(4), 695–719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108327450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar