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Articles/Artikels

Historiographical reflections on the significance of the South African War

Pages 4-16 | Published online: 31 Aug 2007

  • Nasson , B . 1995 . Tot siens to all that? South Africa's Great War, 1899–1902 . South African Historical Journal (SAHJ) , 32 May I R Smith, ‘Reading history: the Boer War’, History Today, 34 (May 1984) surveys the literature on the war, but needs to be updated and extended. Also note I F Beckett, ‘The historiography of small wars: early historians and the South African War’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 2, 2 (August 1991).
  • See, eg, the special issue of the SAHJ on the war: November 1999 The Boer War: direction, experience and image Gooch J London 2000 P Denis and J Grey (eds), The Boer War: army, nation and empire (Canberra, 2000); A Porter, ‘The South African War and the historians’, African Affairs, 99 (October 2000).
  • Historians have investigated specific consequences of the war, such as its impact on the Rand and on Cape Town Cammack D The Rand at War London 1990 V Bickford-Smith, Ethnic pride and racial prejudice in Victorian Cape Town (Cambridge, 1995).
  • Theal , G . 1902 . Progress of South Africa 500 – 501 . London
  • Theal , G . 1916 . History of South Africa , 8th ed 418 – 418 . London
  • de Kiewiet , CW . 1941 . A history of South Africa social and economic 140 – 140 . London N Mansergh, The Commonwealth experience, vol I (London, 1969), p 93.
  • de Kiewiet , CW . 1956 . The anatomy of South African misery 16 – 16 . London
  • Saunders , C . 1996 . “ Historiographical aspects ” . In The Jameson Raid Edited by: Carruthers , J . Houghton citing J van der Poel and, in 1995, Gerald Shaw, deputy editor of the Cape Times; L M Thompson, The unification of South Africa (Oxford, 1960).
  • Mansergh , N . 1962 . South Africa 1906–1961: the price of magnanimity London
  • Legassick , M . 1995 . “ British hegemony and the origins of segregation in South Africa, 1901–14 ” . In Segregation and apartheid in twentieth century South Africa Edited by: Beinart , W and Dubow , S . London S Marks and S Trapido, ‘Milner and the South African state’, History Workshop Journal, 8 (1979) and ‘Milner and the South African state revised’ in M Twaddle (ed), Imperialism, the state and war (London, 1992). Irving Hexham made the strange argument that the war created apartheid: The irony of apartheid (New York, 1981), pp 24, 30.
  • Cell , J . 1982 . The highest stage of white supremacy 62 – 62 . Cambridge
  • De Kiewiet . Anatomy 20 – 20 .
  • Walker , E . 1936 . Cambridge history of the British Empire Edited by: Newton , AP . Vol. 8 , 328 – 328 . Cambridge
  • Pakenham . Boer War 576 – 576 .
  • 1995 . “ CF A Krog's comments in A Boraine et al ” . In The healing of a nation? 114 – 114 . Cape Town esp
  • De Kiewiet . Anatomy 20 – 20 . It is often said that the war itself helped bring Cape Afrikaners and those of the interior closer together: eg T D Moodie, The rise of Afrikanerdom (Berkeley, 1975), p 41.
  • de Klerk , FW . 1998 . The last trek 6 – 6 . London
  • Esp Grundlingh A ‘War, wordsmiths and the volk’: Afrikaans historical writing on the Anglo Boer War of 1899–1902 and the War in Afrikaner nationalist consciousness, 1902–1990 Mfecane to Boer War: versions of South African history Lehmann E Reckwitz E Essen 1992
  • Cf Moodie Rise of Afrikanerdom 224 224 D O'Meara, Forty lost years (Johannesburg, 1995), p 41.
  • Grundligh . War, wordsmiths and the volk 52 – 52 .
  • Cf Anderson B Imagined communities , 2nd ed New York 1991 ch 11, ‘Memory and forgetting’. I thank Norman Etherington for this reference
  • De Klerk . Last trek 6 – 6 . contrasting Sherman's march on Atlanta and the concentration camps of the South African War
  • Cf esp Smith I Was the South African War (1899–1902) a civil war? University of Cape Town 1993 unpublished seminar paper
  • Anon . October 1977 . “ Confrontation, accommodation and the future of Afrikanerdom ” . In South African Outlook October , [A du Toit]
  • Waldmeir , EgP . 1997 . Anatomy of a miracle London
  • The government nevertheless came round to the view that the war should be commemorated, and in his inauguration address President Thabo Mbeki mentioned its commitment to the commemoration Cape Times June 1999 17, Mbeki's speech, 16 June 1999
  • Denoon , D . 1972 . “ Participation in the Boer War ” . In War and society in Africa Edited by: Ogot , B . 109 – 109 . London in
  • They had chapters on the partition to 1891, then on colonial rule and on South Africa from 1902 Oliver R Atmore A Africa since 1880 , 4th ed Cambridge 1994
  • Boahen , A , ed. 1985 . General history of Africa Vol. 7 , 37 – 37 . London (chapter by G Uzoigwe). Also in this volume, Walter Rodney possibly confusing the wars of 1880–81 and 1899–1902, wrote of ‘The Anglo-Boer wars (1899–1902)’ as ‘anti-imperialist resistances’ (p 335. Cf A Wessels, The phases of the Anglo-Boer War (Bloemfontein, 1998).
  • Plaatje , ST . 1916 . Native life in South Africa London ch 19; S Molema, The Bantu past and present (Cape Town, 1963, original edition 1920), ch 23: ‘Bantu in the South African War’.
  • The phrase is Lonsdale's John Cambridge history of Africa Cambridge 1988 7 721 721 in
  • Bonner , P . 1967 . African participation in the Anglo-Boer War , University of London . MA thesis, B Hankey, ‘Black pawns in a white man's game’ MA thesis, Queen's University, 1969; H J and R E Simons, Class and colour in South Africa (Harmondsworth, 1969); Denoon, ‘Participation’ (a paper written in 1969).
  • Hulme Tsamsanqa Siwundhla . 1977 . The position of the non-Europeans in the Anglo-Boer War , Claremont Graduate School .
  • Spies , SB . 1977 . Methods of barbarism London Pakenham, Boer War (1979); P Warwick, Black people in the South African War (London, 1983); Nasson, Esau's war. Jeremy Krikler argued that during the war, in the western Transvaal, a major class war took place, in which black peasants rose against their landlords and pushed back, for a time, colonial encroachment on their lands: Revolution from above, rebellion from below (Oxford, 1991). Earlier, Denoon and others pointed out that, because of the war, Africans had continued to withhold their labour from the mines after it was over.
  • Bill Nasson drew comparisons with the Mfecane wars of the early nineteenth century in his South African War
  • In The scramble for southern Africa Cambridge 1977 Deryck Schreuder saw the ‘scramble’ as being completed by 1895, when all South Africa was under white rule.
  • Walshe , P . 1970 . The rise of African nationalism London A Odendaal, Vukani Bantu (Cape Town, 1980), ch 2. For the eastern Cape see esp A Odendaal, ‘African political mobilisation in the eastern Cape, 1880–1910’, unpublished Cambridge PhD, 1983.
  • Saunders , C . 1997 . Leonard Ngcongco, John Tengo Jabavu, and the South African War . Pula , 11 : 63 – 69 . ‘Henry Sylvester Williams and South Africa’, Quarterly Bulletin of the South African Library, June 2001.
  • Simons . Class and colour , 63 – 63 . ch 3: ‘Imperialist war’
  • Saunders , C . 2000 . “ Black attitudes to the Empire ” . In The South African War reappraised Edited by: Lowry , D . Manchester in, Henry Sylvester Williams, the Africanist activist of West Indian origins, shared Jabavu's doubts that conditions for blacks would improve after the war: see his The British Negro: a factor in the Empire (London, 1902), esp p 22.
  • Some blacks from other countries were involved, such as Aboriginal trackers, for whom see Huggonson D The black trackers of Bloemfontein Land Rights News Australia 1990 February
  • Denoon , D . 1984 . Southern Africa since 1800 , 104 – 104 . London : Longman .
  • Denoon . Southern Africa , 100 – 107 . ‘Participation’, p 120
  • The American historian George Fredrickson makes a few comparative points in White supremacy New York 1981 and Black liberation (New York, 1995)
  • Fredrickson . White supremacy , 195 – 195 .
  • Denoon . Participation , 109 – 110 .
  • Sik , E . 1966 . The history of black Africa Budapest quoted by H Jaffe, History of Africa, (London, 1985), p 98.
  • Sachs , A . March 1990 . Leadership March , 84 – 84 . 9, quoted by Grundlingh, ‘War, wordsmiths and the volk’, p 54.
  • Jaffe , H . 1994 . European colonial despotism 128 – 128 . London
  • On deaths in the recent war see A crime against humanity Coleman M Cape Town 1998 there were 14 000 in the period 1990–94: p 226.
  • Mtshali , Minister L . June 1998 . “ Historical rewrite for South Africa ” . In The West Australian June , quoted in, 18, The official History of the war had been compiled with a view to reconciliation with the Boers.
  • Magubane , B . 1996 . The making of a racist state Trenton
  • Denoon . Southern Africa 105 – 105 . The American Civil War, by contrast, transferred the burden of exceptionalism from north to south: cf J M Macpherson, The battle cry of freedom (New York 1989), p 812. But America's south was like South Africa's north, in being most reactionary in race relations.
  • Kammen , M . 1991 . Mystic chords of memory 416 – 416 . New York
  • But J H Breytenbach did compile Die betekenis van die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog: vyftig jaar, 11 Okt 1899–11 Okt 1949 Johannesburg 1949

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