- Cain , PJ and Hopkins , AG . 1993 . British imperialism: innovation and expansion 1688β1914 London P J Marshall (ed), The Cambridge illustrated history of the British empire (Cambridge, 1996).
- Armitage , D . 1998 . β Literature and empire β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 1: The origins of empire Edited by: Canny , N . 99 β 99 . Oxford in
- Calder , A . 1998 . Revolutionary empire: the rise of the English-speaking empires from the fifteenth century to the 1780s 40 β 42 . London
- Armitage . Literature and empire 117 β 117 . For other literary ideas on Camoes see for instance M van Wyk Smith, Shades of Adamastor: an anthology of poetry (Grahamstown, 1988), pp xiiiβxiv; M van Wyk Smith, Grounds of contest: a survey of South African English literature (Kenwyn, 1990), pp 19β20; E Axelson, Vasco da Gama: the diary of his travels through African waters, 1497β1499 (Somerset West, 1998), pp 69β71.
- Armitage . Literature and empire 113 β 113 .
- Rodger , NAM . β Guns and sails in the first phase of English colonization, 1500β1650 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 79 β 79 .
- Rodger , NAM . β Guns and sails in the first phase of English colonization, 1500β1650 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 84 β 84 . in
- Ohlmeyer , JH . βCivilizinge of these rude partesβ: colonisation within Britain, Britain and Ireland 1580sβ1640s β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 143 β 143 . in
- Ohlmeyer , JH . βCivilizinge of these rude partesβ: colonisation within Britain, Britain and Ireland 1580sβ1640s β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 145 β 145 . in
- Ohlmeyer , JH . βCivilizinge of these rude partesβ: colonisation within Britain, Britain and Ireland 1580sβ1640s β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 146 β 146 . in
- Barnard , TC . β New opportunities for British settlement: Ireland, 1650β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 309 β 310 . in
- Barnard , TC . β New opportunities for British settlement: Ireland, 1650β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 326 β 326 . in
- Horn , J . β Tobacco colonies: the shaping of English society in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 175 β 175 . in
- Horn , J . β Tobacco colonies: the shaping of English society in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 179 β 179 . in
- Gikandi , S . 1996 . Maps of Englishness: writing identity in the culture of colonialism 3 β 3 . New York
- Mancall , PM . β Native Americans and Europeans in English America: 1500β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 333 β 333 . in
- Mancall , PM . β Native Americans and Europeans in English America: 1500β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 339 β 341 . in
- Mancall , PM . β Native Americans and Europeans in English America: 1500β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 342 β 342 . in
- Mancall , PM . β Native Americans and Europeans in English America: 1500β1700 β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 349 β 349 . in
- Aylmer , GE . β Navy, state, trade and empire β . In Origins of empire Edited by: Canny . 479 β 479 . in
- Sinclair , D . 2001 . The pound: a biography 196 β 197 . London
- O'Brien , PK . 1998 . β Inseperable connections: trade, economy, fiscal state and the expansion of empire, 1688β1815 β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 2: The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall , PJ . 76 β 76 . Oxford in
- Price , JM . β The imperial economy: 1700β1776 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 79 β 79 . in, 82β89, 91β96, 99
- Rodger , NAM . β Sea-power and empire: 1688β1793 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 171 β 173 . in, 181β182
- Duffy , M . β World-wide war and British expansion: 1793β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 206 β 206 . in
- Schlenther , BS . β Religious faith and commercial empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 149 β 149 . in
- Richter , DK . β Native peoples of North America and the eighteenth-century British empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 347 β 347 . in
- Richter , DK . β Native peoples of North America and the eighteenth-century British empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 370 β 370 . in
- Walvin , J . 1994 . Black ivory: a history of British slavery 21 β 22 . Washington
- Richardson , D . β The British empire and the Atlantic slave trade: 1660β1807 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 463 β 463 . in
- Sheridan , RB . β The formation of Caribbean plantation society: 1689β1748 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 394 β 398 . in
- Sheridan , RB . β The formation of Caribbean plantation society: 1689β1748 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 399 β 400 . in
- Sheridan , RB . β The formation of Caribbean plantation society: 1689β1748 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 404 β 406 . in
- Sheridan , RB . β The formation of Caribbean plantation society: 1689β1748 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 410 β 414 . in
- Sheridan , RB . β The formation of Caribbean plantation society: 1689β1748 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 414 β 414 . in
- Ward , JR . β The British West Indies in the age of abolition: 1748β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 415 β 415 . in
- Ward , JR . β The British West Indies in the age of abolition: 1748β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 436 β 438 . in
- Morgan , PD . β The black experience in the British empire: 1680β1810 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 466 β 481 . in
- Morgan , PD . β The black experience in the British empire: 1680β1810 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 486 β 486 . in
- Ray , RK . β Indian society and the establishment of British supremacy: 1765β1818 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 508 β 508 . in
- Gooneratne , BY . 1999 . β Introduction β . In The inscrutable Englishman: Sir John D'Oyly (1774β1824) Edited by: Gooneratne , BY . 6 β 6 . London and New York in
- Ray . Indian society 509 β 510 .
- Ray . Indian society 525 β 525 .
- Ray . Indian society 528 β 529 .
- Horn , J . β British diaspora: emigration from Britain, 1680β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall , J . 30 β 31 . in
- Horn , J . β British diaspora: emigration from Britain, 1680β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall , J . 34 β 34 . in
- Horn , J . β British diaspora: emigration from Britain, 1680β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall , J . 39 β 39 . in
- Horn , J . β British diaspora: emigration from Britain, 1680β1815 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall , J . 41 β 41 . in
- Makdisi , S . 1998 . Romantic imperialism: universal empire and the culture of modernity 101 β 101 . Cambridge
- Horn . British diaspora 43 β 43 .
- Horn . British diaspora 45 β 45 .
- Horn . British diaspora 50 β 50 .
- Bartlett , T . βThis famous island set in a Virginian seaβ: Ireland in the British empire, 1680β1801 β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 266 β 267 . in
- See for instance Connolly SJ Eighteenth-century Ireland: colony or ancien regime? The making of modern Irish history: revisionism and the revisionist controversy Boyce DG O'Day A London 1996 15 33 in
- See in particular Bartlett TC The rise and fall of the Irish nation Dublin 1992
- Barlett . This famous island 264 β 264 .
- Bartlett . This famous island 267 β 267 .
- Bartlett . This famous island 267 β 267 . 269
- Bartlett . This famous island 270 β 270 .
- Bartlett . This famous island 273 β 274 .
- For just a few examples of the links between Defoe and empire see Armstrong N Tennehouse L The imaginary Puritan: literature, intellectual labour and the origins of personal life Berekeley 1992 24 24 M Ellis, βCrusoe, cannibalism and empireβ in L Spaas and B Stimpson (eds), Robinson Crusoe: myths and metamorphoses (London, 1996), p 57; P Knox-Shaw, βDefoe and the politics of representing the African interiorβ in South African Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, vol 9 (January 1999), p 75.
- Von Sneiden , ML . 1997 . Joined at the hip: a monster, colonialism and the Scriblerian project . Eighteenth-century studies , 30 ( 3 ) : 215 β 215 .
- Rees , C . 1996 . Utopian imagination and eighteenth-century fiction 40 β 41 . London
- Drayton , R . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 231 β 231 .
- Drayton , R . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 232 β 232 .
- Drayton , R . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 237 β 237 .
- See for instance Huigen S Natural history and the representation of South Africa in the eighteenth century Journal of literary studies June 1998 14 1 and 2 68 68
- Drayton . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 238 β 238 . in
- Drayton . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 240 β 240 . in
- Drayton . β Knowledge and empire β . In The eighteenth century Edited by: Marshall . 251 β 251 . in
- See especially Said E Culture and imperialism London 1993 160 ff 160 ff
- Porter , A . 1998 . β Introduction: Britain and the empire in the nineteenth century β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 3: the nineteenth century Edited by: Porter , A . 1.x β 1.x . Oxford in
- Mackenzie's publications in the series include Mackenzie J Propaganda and empire: the manipulation of British public opinion, 1880β1960 Manchester 1984 J Mackenzie (ed), Imperialism and popular culture (Manchester, 1986); J Mackenzie (ed), Popular imperialism and the military: 1850β1950 (Manchester, 1992).
- Mackenzie , J . β Empire and metropolitan culture β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 271 β 271 . in
- Mackenzie , J . β Empire and metropolitan culture β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 273 β 273 . in
- Mackenzie , J . β Empire and metropolitan culture β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 274 β 274 . For a particularly inclusive recent overview of this genre see P Harrington, British artists and war: the face of battle in paintings and prints, 1700β1914 (London, 1993).
- Mackenzie . Empire and metropolitan culture 277 β 278 .
- Mackenzie . Empire and metropolitan culture 279 β 279 .
- Mackenzie . Empire and metropolitan culture 280 β 280 .
- Mackenzie . Empire and metropolitan culture 281 β 281 . and see also D Judd, Someone has blundered: calamities of the British army in the Victorian age (Moreton-in-Marsh, 2000), pp 62β63.
- Mackenzie . Metropolitan culture 282 β 282 .
- Mackenzie . Metropolitan culture 283 β 288 .
- Mackenzie . Metropolitan culture 291 β 291 .
- Stafford , RA . Scientific exploration and empire 294 β 294 .
- Stafford , RA . Scientific exploration and empire 318 β 318 .
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 221 β 221 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 223 β 226 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 227 β 227 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 228 β 228 . On the missionary ideas of these societies for Scotland see J McLeod, Highlander: a history of the Gaels (London, 1998), p. 121.
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 229 β 230 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 232 β 234 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 232 β 234 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 236 β 238 . in
- Porter , A . β Religion, missionary enthusiasm and empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 239 β 241 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 665 β 665 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 666 β 673 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 674 β 674 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 675 β 675 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 684 β 684 . in
- McCaskie , TC . β Cultural encounters: Britain and Africa in the nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 688 β 688 . in
- Harper , M . β British migration and the peopling of empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 78 β 78 . in
- Harper , M . β British migration and the peopling of empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 80 β 81 . in
- Harper , M . β British migration and the peopling of empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 85 β 85 . in
- Harper , M . β British migration and the peopling of empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 88 β 88 . in
- Porter . β Trusteeship, anti-slavery and humanitarianism β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 212 β 212 . in
- Martin , G . Canada from 1815 D Denoon and M Wyndham, βAustralia and the western Pacificβ; R Dalziel, βSouthern islands: New Zealand and Polynesiaβ in Porter (ed), The nineteenth century, pp 522β545; 546β570; 573β595.
- See for instance Hirst J The Australian experience: the convict colony The Oxford history of the prison: the practice of punishment in Western society Morris N Rothman DJ Oxford 1995 263 265 in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1795β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 597 β 597 . in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1795β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 597 β 598 . in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1795β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 608 β 610 . in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1795β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 617 β 617 . in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1785β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 597 β 597 . in
- Saunders , C and Smith , IR . β Southern Africa: 1795β1910 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 620 β 620 . in
- Burroughs , P . Defence and imperial disunity E H H Green, βThe political economy of empire: 1880β1914β in Porter (ed), The nineteenth century, pp 320β342; 346β369. For an excellent recent discussion on the issues of dominions, defence and empire in the late nineteenth century see A Thompson, Imperial Britain: the empire in British politics, c. 1880β1932 (Harlow, 2000).
- Kubicek , R . β British expansion, empire and technological change β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 257 β 259 . in
- Fitzpatrick , D . β Ireland and the Empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 494 β 494 . in
- Fitzpatrick , D . β Ireland and the Empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 499 β 499 . in
- Curtis , L . 1984 . Nothing but the same old story: the roots of Anti-Irish racism 57 β 57 . London
- Fitzpatrick . β Ireland and the Empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 509 β 519 . in
- Fitzpatrick . β Ireland and the Empire β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 520 β 520 . in
- Chakrabaty , D . 1992 . Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: who speaks for βIndian pastsβ? . Representations , 37 : 1 β 36 .
- Washbrook , DA . β India, 1818β1860: the two faces of colonialism β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 395 β 395 . in
- Pennycook , A . 1998 . English and the discourses of colonialism 80 β 80 . London
- Washbrook . β India, 1818β1860 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 416 β 416 . in
- For recent empirical accounts of the βMutinyβ see James L Raj: the making and unmaking of British India London 1997 250 252 A Ward, Our bones are scattered: the Cawnpore massacres and the Indian Mutiny of 1857 (New York, 1996), p 555.
- James , L . 1997 . Raj: the making and unmaking of British India 418 β 418 . London
- James , L . 1997 . Raj: the making and unmaking of British India 419 β 419 . London
- Harlow , B and Carter , M , eds. 1999 . Imperialism and orientalism: a documentary source book 166 β 166 . Oxford
- Washbrook . β India, 1818β1860 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 420 β 420 . in
- Washbrook . β India, 1818β1860 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 431 β 432 . in
- Washbrook . β India, 1818β1860 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 433 β 437 . in
- Washbrook . β India, 1818β1860 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 444 β 444 . in
- Lynn , M . β British policy, trade and informal empire in the mid-nineteenth century β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 121 β 121 . in
- Knight , A . β Britain and Latin America β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 122 β 122 . 144
- Osterhammel , J . β Britain and China: 1842β1914 β . In The nineteenth century Edited by: Porter . 159 β 159 . in
- Louis , WR . 1999 . β Introduction β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 4: The twentieth century Edited by: Brown , JM and Louis , WR . 1 β 1 . Oxford in
- Louis , WR . 1999 . β Introduction β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 4: The twentieth century Edited by: Brown , JM and Louis , WR . 45 β 45 . Oxford in
- Birley , D . 1995 . Playing the game: sport and British society, 1910β1945 25 ff β 25 ff . Manchester
- Johnson , H . β The British Caribbean from demobilization to constitutional decolonization β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 617 β 617 . in
- Mackenzie , J . β The popular culture of Empire in Britain β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 213 β 218 . in
- Mackenzie , J . β The popular culture of Empire in Britain β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 221 β 222 . For a recent reappraisal of the βadventure storyβ see M Green, βAdventurers stake their claim: the adventure tale's bid for status, 1876β1914β in K R Lawrence (ed), Decolonizing tradition: new views of twentieth century βBritishβ literary canons (Urbana and Chicago, 1992).
- Mackenzie . Popular culture of Empire 225 β 225 .
- Mackenzie . Popular culture of Empire 229 β 229 .
- Hyam , R . The British Empire in the Edwardian era
- Louis and Brown , eds. The twentieth century 49 β 50 .
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 57 β 58 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 63 β 63 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 66 β 67 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 69 β 69 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 74 β 76 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 77 β 77 . in
- Hyam , R . β The British Empire in the Edwardian era β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 86 β 86 . in
- Cell , JW . β Colonial rule β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 253 β 253 . in
- Hyam . The British Empire 60 β 61 . R Hyam, βBureaucracy and βTrusteeshipβ in the colonial Empireβ in Louis and Brown (eds), The twentieth century, pp 277β278.
- McMahon , D . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth, 1900β1948 β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 141 β 141 . For a revisionist summary of the events of 1916 see also D G Boyce, β1916: interpreting the risingβ in Boyce and OβDay (eds), The making of modern Irish history, pp 170 ff.
- McMahon . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 143 β 145 . in
- McMahon . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 147 β 151 . in
- McMahon . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 153 β 154 . in
- McMahon . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 156 β 156 . in
- McMahon . β Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 160 β 160 . in
- Jeffrey , K . β The Second World War β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 306 β 306 . in
- Owen , N . β Critics of Empire in Britain β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 191 β 191 . in
- Owen , N . β Critics of Empire in Britain β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 192 β 210 . in
- Louis , WR . β The dissolution of the British Empire β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 328 β 355 . in
- Marks . β Southern Africa β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 545 β 545 . in
- See especially Symonds R Oxford and empire: the last lost cause London 1986 284 293
- O'Hanlon , R . β Gender in the British empire β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 379 β 379 . in
- Brown , J . β Epilogue β . In The twentieth century Edited by: Louis and Brown . 703 β 703 . in
- See Gregg R Class, culture and empire: E P Thompson and the making of social history Journal of historical sociology December 1998 11 4 418 420
- Quayson , A . 2000 . Postcolonialism: theory, practice or process? 48 β 54 . Cambridge
- Washbrook , DA . 1999 . β Orients and Occidents: Colonial discourse theory and the historiography of the British Empire β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 5: Historiography Edited by: Winks , RW . 596 β 596 . Oxford in
- Washbrook , DA . 1999 . β Orients and Occidents: Colonial discourse theory and the historiography of the British Empire β . In The Oxford history of the British empire, vol 5: Historiography Edited by: Winks , RW . 597 β 597 . Oxford in, 610
- Thornton , AP . β The shaping of imperial history β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 613 β 613 . in
- Thornton , AP . β The shaping of imperial history β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 633 β 633 . in
- Drayton , R . β Science, medicine and the British Empire β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 264 β 264 . in
- Drayton , R . β Science, medicine and the British Empire β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 275 β 275 . in
- Wylie , D . β Disease, diet, and gender: late twentieth-century perspectives on Empire β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 277 β 277 . in
- Stafford , RA . β Exploration and empire β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 300 β 300 . in
- Harkness , D . β Ireland β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 115 β 115 . in
- Worger , W . β Southern Africa β . In Historiography Edited by: Winks . 539 β 539 . in
Persistence of vision: writing the history of the British empire
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.