Solidarity means inclusion: race, class, and ethnicity within Tampa's transnational Cigar Workers' Union

References

• Adler, Jeffrey S. “Black Violence in the New South: Patterns of Conflict in Late Nineteenth-Century Tampa.” In The African-American Heritage of Florida, edited by David R.Colburn and Jane L.Landers, 207–239. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Aimes, Hubert H. S.A History of Slavery in Cuba, 1511–1868. New York: Octagon Books, 1967.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, Robert Jackson. A History of Organized Labor in Cuba. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Appel, John C. “The Unionization of Florida Cigarmakers and the Coming of the War with Spain.” Hispanic American Historical Review36, no. 1 (1956): 38–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensel's Key West Directory, 1888. Poughkeepsie, NY: Haight & Dudley, 1888.
   Google Scholar
• Borio, Gene. “Tobacco Timeline: The Twentieth Century 1900–1949—The Rise of the Cigarette.” Tobacco.org. Accessed June 27, 2013. http://archive.tobacco.org/resources/history/Tobacco_History20-1.html.
   Google Scholar
• Brady, Rowena Ferrell. Things Remembered: An Album of African Americans in Tampa. Tampa, FL: University of Tampa Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Bretos, Miguel A.Cuba and Florida: Exploration of an Historical Connection, 1539–1991. Miami: Historical Association of Southern Florida, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Brody, David. In Labor's Cause: Main Themes on the History of the American Worker. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, CanterJr., and Larry EugeneRivers. For a Great and Grand Purpose: The Beginnings of the AMEZ Church in Florida, 1864–1905. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, A. Stuart, and W. PorterMcLendon. The Cigar Industry of Tampa, Florida. Gainesville: University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 1939.
   Google Scholar
• Casanovas, John. Bread, or Bullets! Urban Labor and Spanish Colonialism, 1850–1898. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Cashman, Sean Dennis. America in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Cigar Makers Official Journal. Chicago, IL, 1904.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, Patricia A.Once a Cigar Maker: Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, 1900–1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Corwin, Arthur F.Spain and the Abolition of Slavery in Cuba, 1817–1886. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1967.
   Google Scholar
• de la Cova, Antonio Rafael. “Cuban Exiles in Key West during the Ten Years' War, 1868–1878.” Florida Historical Quarterly89, no. 3 (2011): 287–319.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, Gary M., and Merl E.Reed, eds. Race, Class, and Community in Southern Labor History. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, Leon. American Labor History. Washington, DC: American Historical Association, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, Leon. In Search of the Working Class: Essays in American Labor History and Political Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, Leon, ed. Workers across the Americas: The Transnational Turn in Labor History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Foner, Philip S.The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Birth of American Imperialism, 1895–1902. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Llanes, Emilio. Cigar City Stories: Tales of Old Ybor City. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum, Susan D. “Afro-Cubans in Exile: Tampa, Florida, 1886–1984.” Cuban Studies/Estudios Cubanos15, no. 1 (1985): 59–72.
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum, Susan D.More Than Black: Afro-Cubans in Tampa. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Grillo, Evelio. Black Cuban, Black American: A Memoir. Houston, TX: Arte Pùblico Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Helg, Aline. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886–1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Helg, Aline. “Race and Black Mobilization in Colonial and Early Independent Cuba: A Comparative Perspective.” Ethnohistory44, no. 1 (1997): 54–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellwig, David J. “Strangers in Their Own Land: Patterns of Black Activism, 1830–1930.” American Studies23, no. 1 (1982): 85–98.
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt, Nancy A.Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Ingalls, Robert P.Urban Vigilantes in the New South: Tampa, 1882–1936. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Ingalls, Robert P., and Louis A.Pérez, Jr. Tampa Cigar Workers: A Pictorial History. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• James, Winston. Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America. London: Verso, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Barbara Ruth. “Origin of the Partido Revolucionario Cubano in Tampa: Marti and the Tobacco Workers.” Master's thesis, University of Florida, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Knetsch, Joe, and NickWynne. Florida in the Spanish-American War. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Krause, Paul. The Battle for Homestead, 1880–1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• La Federación. Tampa, FL1899–1902.
   Google Scholar
• Lastra, Frank Trebín, and RichardMathews, eds. Ybor City: The Making of a Landmark Town. Tampa, FL: University of Tampa Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Long, Durward. “The Historical Beginnings of Ybor City and Modern Tampa.” Florida Historical Quarterly45, no. 1 (1966): 31–44.
   Google Scholar
• Long, Durward. “La Resistencia: Tampa's Immigrant Labor Union.” Labor History6, no. 3 (1965): 193–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, Durward. “Labor Relations in the Tampa Cigar Industry, 1885–1911.” Labor History12, no. 4 (1971): 551–559.
   Google Scholar
• Martí, José. La Cuestion Racial. Havana: Biblioteca Popular, 1959.
   Google Scholar
• Martí, José. “My Race.” In José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas, edited by DeborahShnookal and MirtaMunìz, 173–174. Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Martí, José. “With All, for the Good of All.” In Jose Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas, edited by DeborahShnookal and MirtaMunìz, 152. Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Alier, Verena. Marriage, Class, and Colour in Nineteenth-Century Cuba: A Study of Racial Attitudes and Sexual Values in a Slave Society. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• McGillivray, Gillian. Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, & State Formation in Cuba, 1868–1959. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Mirabal, Nancy Raquel. “The Afro-Cuban Community in Ybor City and Tampa, 1886–1910.” OAH Magazine of History7, no. 4 (1993): 19–22.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery, David. “Empire, Race, and Working-class Mobilization.” In Racializing Class, Classifying Race: Labour and Differences in Britain, the USA, and Africa, edited by PeterAlexander and RickHalpern, 1–25. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery, David. The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery, David. Workers' Control in America: Studies in the History of Work, Technology, and Labor Struggles. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Mormino, Gary R. “Tampa and the New Urban South: The Weight Strike of 1898.” Florida Historical Quarterly60, no. 1 (1982): 337–356.
   Google Scholar
• Mormino, Gary R., and Anthony P.Pizzo. Tampa: The Treasure City. Tulsa, OK: Continental Heritage Press, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Mormino, Gary R., and George E.Pozzetta. The Immigrant World of Ybor City: Italians and Their Latin Neighbors in Tampa, 1885–1985. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Muñiz, José Rivero. “Tampa at the Close of the Nineteenth Century.” Florida Historical Quarterly41, no. 4 (1963): 332–342.
   Google Scholar
• Muñiz, José Rivero. The Ybor City Story, 1885–1954 (Los Cubanos en Tampa). Translated by Eustasio Fernández and Henry Beltran. Tampa, FL: n.p., 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Newton, Michael. The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, Paul. Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez, Louis A.Jr. Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez, Louis A.Jr. “Cubans in Tampa: From Exiles to Immigrants, 1892–1901.” In Essays on Cuban History: Historiography and Research, edited by Louis A.Pérez, Jr, 25–34. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez, Louis A.Jr. “Reminiscences of a Lector: Cuban Cigar Workers in Tampa.” Florida Historical Quarterly53, no. 4 (1975): 443–449.
   Google Scholar
• Poyo, Gerald E. “The Impact of Cuban and Spanish Workers on Labor Organizing in Florida, 1870–1900.” Journal of American Ethnic History5, no. 2 (1986): 46–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “ Proyecto de Bases.” Microfilm Reel 1, El Internacional Collection, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
   Google Scholar
• Rivers, Larry Eugene, and CanterBrownJr. Laborers in the Vineyard of the Lord: The Beginnings of the AME Church in Florida, 1865–1895. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Roediger, David R.The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. New York: Verso, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, Rebecca J.Slave Emancipation in Cuba: The Transition to Free Labor, 1860–1899. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Shofner, Jerrell H. “Customs, Law, and History: The Enduring Influence of Florida's ‘Black Codes’.” Florida Historical Quarterly55, no. 3 (1977): 277–298.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, Irvin D. “The 1900s: Immigrant Cigar-Makers.” In Florida Decades: A Sesquicentennial History, 1845–1995, edited by James J.Horgan and Lewis N.Wynne, 93–108. Saint Leo, FL: Saint Leo College Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Tebeau, Charlton W., and WilliamMarina. A History of Florida., 3rd ed.Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, Arthur W. “Political Nativism in Florida, 1848–1860: A Phase of Anti-Secessionism.” Journal of Southern History15, no. 1 (1949): 39–65.
   Google Scholar
• Tinajero, Araceli. El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader. Translated by Judith E. Grasberg. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Tindall, George Brown. The Ethnic Southerners. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Tindall, George Brown. Natives and Newcomers: Ethnic Southerners and Southern Ethics. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Tobacco Leaf. Located in Arsenio Sanchez Papers, Special Collections Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 1886.
   Google Scholar
• Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Linden, Marcel. Transnational Labour History: Explorations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Vandiver, Margaret. Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• War Department, Office Director Census of Cuba. Report of the Census of Cuba, 1899. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.
   Google Scholar
• Winsboro, Irvin D. S., ed. “Image, Illusion, and Reality: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement in Historical Perspective.” Old South, New South, or Down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement, 1–21. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Zieger, Robert H.For Jobs and Freedom: Race and Labor in America since 1865. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Zieger, Robert H., ed. Organized Labor in the Twentieth-Century South. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar