References
- 1568 . Note A. “Modem Title of my communication. An exact copy of this inventory, with one clerical omission, was sent by the Admiral of the Spanish fleet, Juan de Hubilla, in his letter to King Philip II written from San Juan de Ulua on December 16th,.”
- Note B. “The numbers are mine, to facilitate reference. In the original the material and the weight of each piece is repeated in the margin.”
- 1639 . Spanish War Robert's,; Norton, 1628. The list is given in shortened form in Corbett's N.R.S. vol. XI, App. A
- 1587 . Art of shooting in great Ordnance Bourne's. Also in N.R.S. vol. XI, App. A
- Defeat of the Spanish Armada “The Secrets of the Use of Great Ordnance.” Printed in Sir John Laughton's N.R.S. vol. II, App. C
- Drake and the Tudor Navy , 1 The “sling” was rather a long piece for one of true “perier type”—Norton says about 12 calibres; Corbett, in discussing its place in contemporary classifications, contradicts himself, placing it among periers in one place 384), and among culverins in another (ibid. p. 389). Its calibre ratio, however, brings it much nearer the “perier” group
- 1914 . La Arquitectura Naval Española (en Madèra “Diez lombardas gruessas y passa muros que la cuatro de ellas tiran hierro.” From “Ordenanzas de la Casa de Contratacion” (1552), printed in), Gervasio de Artíñano, Madrid
- ”versos” For see below, French Ship, No. 2
- 1592 . Platica Manual de Artilleria The “musket” of the sixteenth century must be distinguished from the later shoulder-fired weapon of the same name. It was a swivel-mounted piece. Luys Collado, in his Milan, classes it among the “culverins”, and says it fires a ball weighing 2 ounces
- Battery, that is, as opposed to “Secondary”. It is very difficult—and I think undesirable—to add in the weight of shot thrown by the smaller pieces. Fowlers sometimes fired stone shot, I daresay, but as none of this form of projectile is mentioned in the Inventory, it is probable that the ships carried none. I doubt if they ever threw metal round-shot: normally, we know, they fired “case”, and were used mainly for repelling boarders. Yet one may with reasonable safety include the bigger periers, since they certainly fired all kinds of solid shot at times, and are almost invariably reckoned as “battery” pieces
- In this case I have added the weights of the pasamuros at the rather arbitrary—yet, on the average, likely—rate of 500 lb. per piece. The weights of the two fowlers in the English Inventory of the guns in the captured Armada ship N.S. del Rosario are 803 and 186 lb. respectively, which illustrates either what a wide range of size might exist between specimens of the same type, or else the prevailing arbitrariness of Elizabethan nomenclature
- Sir John Hawkins 145 . The italics are mine
- Successors of Drake 435 For further information on this subject, see Corbett's
- New Light on Drake 151 Mrs Nuttall's
- The word verso itself is probably derived, as Mr Oppenheim says (Monson, II, 223), from vertere, to turn, because the gun was swivel-mounted. But I cannot follow him in thinking that the piece was the same as the “murderer”—a small English “perier-type”, to which Norton assigns a length of 8 calibres only
- Drake and the Tudor Navy They may easily be found—(A) Miles Philips' account, (B) Hawkins's own account, and (C) Job Hortop's account, all in Hakluyt. (D) The official Spanish account, printed in Corbett's I, 418. (E) The Cotton MSS. Otho E. VIII, printed in Dr J. A. Williamson's Sir John Hawkins (Appendix)
- Jesus Even Miles Philips, in the passage quoted in Mrs Nuttall's note, refrains from stating that Hawkins landed any. His words might well mean, “I saw at Havana some of the very same guns we had used, both the English ones in the and the Spanish ones out of which we rigged the island battery”
- Nuttall Mrs . says twenty pieces: but, counting the patache piece, as apparently she does, I make it twenty-one
- The eighteenth piece is, of course, the saker in the “patache”, not counted here
- Sir John Hawkins 197
- This confusion is not quite unparalleled. A similar one, between pieces of these very same types, occurs in a MS. Ordnance List of 1595 in the possession of the National Maritime Museum, where all the cannon periers appear under the heading “Cannon”
- New Light on Drake 146 That the captor's guns sometimes were removed into their prizes we know from the story of Drake's circumnavigation, as retold by his prisoners (cf. Deposition of Benito Diaz Bravo, in p.): as also that guns were often carried in the hold (same Deposition, and several others, ibid.)