974
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Internal/External Frame of Reference Model Revisited: Incorporating General Cognitive Ability and General Academic Self-Concept

, &
Pages 137-172 | Published online: 19 Mar 2008

References

  • Baumert , J. , Artelt , C. , Carstensen , C. H. , Sibberns , H. and Stanat , P. 2002 . “ Untersuchungsgegenstand, Fragestellungen und technische Grundlagen der Studie [Study objectives, research questions, and technical information] ” . In PISA 2000: Die Länder der Bundesrepublik im Vergleich , Edited by: Baumert , J. , Artelt , C. , Klieme , E. , Neubrand , M. , Prenzel , M. , Schiefele , U. , Schneider , W. , Tillmann , K.-J. and Weiß , M. 11 – 38 . Opladen : Leske + Budrich .
  • Bong , M. 1998 . Tests of the internal/external frames of reference model with subject-specific academic self-efficacy and frame-specific academic self-concepts . Journal of Educational Psychology , 90 : 102 – 110 .
  • Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Newbury Park : Sage .
  • Byrne , B. M. 1996 . Measuring self-concept across the life span: Issues and instrumentation , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
  • Campbell , D. T. and Fiske , D. 1959 . Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix . Psychological Bulletin , 56 : 81 – 105 .
  • Carlstedt , B. 2001 . Differentiation of cognitive abilities as a function of level of general intelligence: A latent variable approach . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 36 : 589 – 609 .
  • Carroll , J. B. 1993 . Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Carroll , J. B. 2003 . “ The higher-stratum structure of cognitive abilities: Current evidence supports g and about ten broad factors ” . In The scientific study of general intelligence: Tribute to Arthur R. Jensen , Edited by: Nyborg , H. 5 – 22 . New York : Pergamon .
  • Cattell , R. B. 1963 . Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment . Journal of Educational Psychology , 54 : 1 – 22 .
  • Cohen , J. 1992 . A power primer . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 155 – 159 .
  • Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd, ed. , Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Eccles , J. S. and Wigfield , A. 2002 . Motivational beliefs, values, and goals . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 109 – 132 .
  • Edwards , J. R. and Bagozzi , R. P. 2000 . On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures . Psychological Methods , 5 : 155 – 174 .
  • Eid , M. , Lischetzke , T. , Nussbeck , F. W. and Trierweiler , L. I. 2003 . Separating trait effects from trait-specific method effects in multitrait-multimethod models: A multiple-indicator CT-C(M-1) model . Psychological Methods , 8 : 38 – 60 .
  • Gibbons , F. X. , Benbow , C. P. and Gerrard , M. 1994 . From top dog to bottom half: Social comparison strategies in response to poor performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 638 – 652 .
  • Gottfredson , L. S. 1997 . Mainstream science on intelligence: An editorial with 52 signatories, history and bibliography . Intelligence , 24 : 13 – 23 .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. 1984 . A unifying model for the structure of intellectual abilities . Intelligence , 8 : 179 – 203 .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. 1988 . “ Hierarchical models of individual differences in cognitive abilities ” . In Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, Vol. 4 , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 35 – 72 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. 1994 . “ Hierarchical models of intelligence and educational achievement ” . In Intelligence, mind, and reasoning: Structure and development , Edited by: Demetriou , A. and Efklides , A. 45 – 73 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. 2002 . “ Measurement from a hierarchical point of view ” . In The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement , Edited by: Braun , H. I. , Jackson , D. N. and Wiley , D. E. 73 – 95 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. and Balke , G. 1993 . General and specific abilities as predictors of school achievement . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 28 : 407 – 434 .
  • Gustafsson , J. E. and Snow , R. E. 1997 . “ Ability profiles ” . In Handbook on testing , Edited by: Dillon , R. F. 107 – 135 . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press/Greenwood Publishing Group .
  • Hansford , B. C. and Hattie , J. A. 1982 . The relationship between self and achievement/performance measures . Review of Educational Research , 52 : 123 – 142 .
  • Harter , S. 1985 . Manual for the self-perception profile for children , Denver , CO : University of Denver .
  • Heller , K. A. and Perleth , C. 2000 . Kognitiver Fähigkeitstest für 4. bis 12. Klassen, Revision. Manual [Cognitive Abilities Test for Grades 4–12, Revision, Manual] , Göttingen : Hogrefe .
  • Helmke , A. and van Aken , M. A. G. 1995 . The causal ordering of academic achievement and self-concept of ability during elementary school: A longitudinal study . Journal of Educational Psychology , 87 : 624 – 637 .
  • Hergovich , A. , Sirsch , U. and Felinger , M. 2004 . Gender differences in the self-concept of preadolescent children . School Psychology International , 25 : 207 – 222 .
  • Horn , J. L. and Noll , J. 1997 . “ Human cognitive capabilities: Gf-Gc theory ” . In Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues , Edited by: Flanagan , D. P. , Genshaft , J. L. and Harrison , P. L. 53 – 91 . New York : Guilford .
  • Hu , L.-T. and Bentler , P. M. 1998 . Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification . Psychological Methods , 3 : 424 – 453 .
  • Jensen , A. R. 1998 . The g factor. The science of mental ability , Westport : Praeger .
  • Judge , T. A. , Jackson , C. L. , Shaw , J. C. , Scott , B. A. and Rich , B. L. 2007 . Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 107 – 127 .
  • Klieme , E. , Neubrand , M. and Lüdtke , O. 2001 . “ Mathematische Grundbildung: Testkonzeption und Ergebnisse [Mathematical literacy: Test design and results] ” . In PISA 2000: Basiskompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern im internationalen Vergleich , Edited by: Baumert , J. , Klieme , E. , Neubrand , M. , Prenzel , M. , Schiefele , U. , Schneider , W. , Stanat , P. , Tillmann , K.-J. and Weiß , M. 139 – 190 . Opladen : Leske + Budrich .
  • Kuncel , N. R. , Hezlett , S. A. and Ones , D. S. 2004 . Academic performance, career potential, creativity, and job performance: Can one construct predict them all? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 148 – 161 .
  • Little , T. D. 1997 . Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 32 : 53 – 76 .
  • Lubinski , D. 2004 . Introduction to the special section on cognitive abilities: 100 years after Spearman's (1904) “‘General intelligence,’ objectively determined and measured.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 96 – 111 .
  • Ma , X. and Kishor , N. 1997 . Attitude toward self, social factors, and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analytic review . Educational Psychology Review , 9 : 89 – 120 .
  • Marsh , H. W. 1986 . Verbal and math self-concepts: An internal/external frame of reference model . American Educational Research Journal , 23 : 129 – 149 .
  • Marsh , H. W. 1990a . A multidimensional, hierarchical self-concept: Theoretical and empirical justification . Educational Psychology Review , 2 : 77 – 172 .
  • Marsh , H. W. 1990b . The structure of academic self-concept: The Marsh/Shavelson model . Journal of Educational Psychology , 82 : 623 – 636 .
  • Marsh , H. W. , Balla , J. R. and McDonald , R. P. 1988 . Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size . Psychological Bulletin , 103 : 391 – 410 .
  • Marsh , H. W. , Byrne , B. M. and Shavelson , R. J. 1988 . A multifaceted academic self-concept: Its hierarchical structure and its relation to academic achievement . Journal of Educational Psychology , 80 : 366 – 380 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Craven , R. 1997 . “ Academic self-concept: Beyond the dustbowl ” . In Handbook of classroom assessment: Learning, achievement, and adjustment , Edited by: Phye , G. 131 – 198 . Orlando , FL : Academic .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Hau , K. T. 2003 . Big-Fish-Little-Pond effect on academic self-concept. A cross-cultural (26 country) test of the negative effects of academically selective schools . American Psychologist , 58 : 364 – 376 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Hau , K. T. 2004 . Explaining paradoxical relations between academic self-concepts and achievements: Cross-cultural generalizability of the internal/external frame of reference predictions across 26 countries . Journal of Educational Psychology , 96 : 56 – 67 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and O'Neill , R. 1984 . Self Description Questionnaire III (SDQ III): The construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late-adolescents . Journal of Educational Measurement , 21 : 153 – 174 .
  • Marsh , H. W. , Pietsch , J. and Walker , R. 2004 . Why multicollinearity matters: A reexamination of relations between self-efficacy, self-concept, and achievement . Journal of Educational Psychology , 96 : 518 – 522 .
  • Marsh , H. W. , Smith , I. D. and Barnes , J. 1985 . Multidimensional self-concepts: Relations with sex and academic achievement . Journal of Educational Psychology , 77 : 581 – 596 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Yeung , A. S. 1997 . Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: Structural equation models of longitudinal data . Journal of Educational Psychology , 89 : 41 – 45 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Yeung , A. S. 1998 . Longitudinal structural equation models of academic self-concept and achievement: Gender differences in the development of math and English constructs . American Educational Research Journal , 35 : 705 – 738 .
  • Marsh , H. W. and Yeung , A. S. 2001 . An extension of the internal/external frame of reference model: A response to Bong 1998 . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 36 : 389 – 420 .
  • McDonald , R. P. 1999 . Test theory: A unified treatment , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • McGrew , K. S. 1997 . “ Analysis of the major intelligence batteries according to a proposed comprehensive Gf-Gc framework ” . In Contemporary intellectual assessment. Theories, tests, and issues , Edited by: Flanagan , D. P. , Genshaft , J. L. and Harrison , P. L. 151 – 179 . New York : Guilford .
  • Möller , J. and Köller , O. 2004 . Die Genese akademischer Selbstkonzepte: Effekte dimensionaler und sozialer Vergleiche [On the development of academic self-concepts: The impact of social and dimensional comparisons] . Psychologische Rundschau , 55 : 19 – 27 .
  • Muraki , E. and Bock , R. D. 1996 . Parscale (Version 4) [Computer software] , Lincolnwood , IL : Scientific Software International .
  • Muthén , L. K. and Muthén , B. O. 1998–2006 . Mplus User's Guide, , 4th ed. , Los Angeles , CA : Authors .
  • Neisser , U. , Boodoo , G. , Bouchard , T. J. Jr. , Boykin , A. W. , Brody , N. Ceci , S. J. 1996 . Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns . American Psychologist , 51 : 77 – 101 .
  • 2001 . Knowledge and skills for life: First results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 , Paris : Author . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (Ed.)
  • Pintrich , P. R. 2003 . “ Motivation and classroom learning ” . In Handbook of psychology: Vol. 7. Educational psychology , Edited by: Reynolds , W. M. and Miller , G. E. 103 – 122 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
  • Schmid , J. and Leiman , J. M. 1957 . The development of hierarchical factor solutions . Psychometrika , 22 : 53 – 61 .
  • Schmiedek , F. and Li , S.-C. 2004 . Toward an alternative representation for disentangling age-associated differences in general and specific cognitive abilities . Psychology and Aging , 19 : 40 – 56 .
  • Shavelson , R. J. , Hubner , J. J. and Stanton , G. C. 1976 . Self-concept: Validation of construct interpretations . Review of Educational Research , 46 : 407 – 441 .
  • Skaalvik , E. M. and Rankin , R. J. 1990 . Math, verbal, and general academic self-concept: The internal/external frame of reference model and gender differences in self-concept structure . Journal of Educational Psychology , 82 : 546 – 554 .
  • Skaalvik , E. M. and Skaalvik , S. 2002 . Internal and external frames of reference for academic self-concept . Educational Psychologist , 37 : 233 – 244 .
  • Skaalvik , S. and Skaalvik , E. M. 2004 . Gender differences in math and verbal self-concept, performance expectations, and motivation . Sex Roles , 50 : 241 – 252 .
  • Snow , R. E. and Lohman , D. F. 1989 . “ Implications of cognitive psychology for educational measurement ” . In Educational measurement, , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Linn , R. L. 263 – 331 . New York : American Council on Education and Macmillan .
  • Thurstone , L. L. 1961 . Multiple-factor analysis. A development and expansion of The Vectors of Mind , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Trautwein , U. , Lüdtke , O. , Kastens , C. and Köller , O. 2006 . Effort on homework in grades 5 through 9: Development, motivational antecedents, and the relationship with effort on classwork . Child Development , 77 : 1094 – 1111 .
  • Trautwein , U. , Lüdtke , O. , Köller , O. and Baumert , J. 2006 . Self-esteem, academic self-concept, and achievement: How the learning environment moderates the dynamics of self-concept . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 : 334 – 349 .
  • Trautwein , U. , Lüdtke , O. , Schnyder , I. and Niggli , A. 2006 . Predicting homework effort: Support for a domain-specific, multilevel homework model . Journal of Educational Psychology , 98 : 438 – 456 .
  • Valentine , J. C. , DuBois , D. L. and Cooper , H. 2004 . The relation between self-beliefs and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review . Educational Psychologist , 39 : 111 – 133 .
  • Wang , M. C. , Haertel , G. D. and Walberg , H. J. 1993 . Toward a knowledge base for school learning . Review of Educational Research , 63 : 249 – 294 .
  • Warm , T. A. 1989 . Weighted likelihood estimation of ability in item response theory . Psychometrika , 54 : 427 – 450 .
  • Wu , M. L. , Adams , R. J. and Wilson , M. R. 1998 . ACER Conquest , Melbourne : The Australian Council for Educational Research .
  • Yeung , A. S. , Chui , H.-S. , Lau , I. C. , McInerney , D. M. , Russell-Bowie , D. and Suliman , R. 2000 . Where is the hierarchy of academic self-concept? . Journal of Educational Psychology , 92 : 556 – 567 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.