A Synoptic Key and Evaluation of Species in the Aspergillus Flavus Group

LITERATURE CITED

• Al-Doory, Y., M. K. Tolba, and H. Al-Ani. 1959. On the fungal flora of Iraqi soils. II. Central Iraq. Mycologia 51: 429–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Type Culture Collection. 1980. Catalogue of strains. 14th Ed. ATCC, Rockville. 648 p.
   Google Scholar
• Apinis, A. E. 1972. Thermophilous fungi in certain grasslands. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 48: 63–74.
   Google Scholar
• Bahadur, P., and S. Sinha. 1966. Rhizosphere mycoflora of clusterbeans (Cyamopsis psoralioides D.C.) in relation to root exudates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B, Biol. Sci. 36: 343–349.
   Google Scholar
• Barbesgaard, P. 1977. Industrial enzymes produced by members of the genus Aspergillus. Pp. 391–404. In: Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus. Eds., J. E. Smith and J. A. Pateman. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Bartoli, A., and O. Maggi. 1978. Four new species of Aspergillus from Ivory Coast soil. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71: 383–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beals, E. 1960. Forest bird communities in the Apostle Islands of Wisconsin. Wilson Bull. 72: 156–181.
   Google Scholar
• Bojović-Cvetić, D., and R. Vujicić. 1974. Ultrastructure of conidiophores in Aspergillus flavus. Trans. Brit. Mycol Soc. 63: 131–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borut, S. 1960. An ecological and physiological study on soil fungi of the northern Negev (Israel). Bull. Res. Council Israel 8D: 65–80.
   Google Scholar
• Bothast, R. J., and D. I. Fennell. 1974. A medium for rapid identification and enumeration of Aspergillus flavus and related organisms. Micologia 66: 365–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. 1978. List of cultures. 29th Ed. CBS, Baarn. 388 p.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, C. M. 1951. Fungi on and in wheat seed. Cereal Chem. 28: 408–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, C. M., and H. K. Kaufmann. 1974. Microflora. Pp. 158–192. In: Storage of cereal grains and their products. Ed., C. M. Christensen. Amer. Assoc. of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, M. 1969. Soil microfungi of dry to mesic conifer-hardwood forests in northern Wisconsin. Ecology 50: 9–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, M.. 1981. Species diversity and dominance in fungal communities. In: The fungal community: its organization and role in the ecosystem. Eds., D. T. Wicklow and G. C. Carroll. Marcel Dekker, New York. (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, M., and M. P. Backus. 1964. Two varieties of Monocillium humicola in Wisconsin forest soils. Mycologia 56: 498–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, M., and M. P. Backus, and K. B. Raper. 1978a. Aspergillus robustus, a new species in the A. ochraceus group. Mycologia 70: 200–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, M., and M. P. Backus, and K. B. Raper. 1978b. Synoptic key to Aspergillus nidulans group species and related Emericella species. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71: 177–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 1975. Catalogue of the culture collection of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 7th Ed. CMI, Kew. 295 p.
   Google Scholar
• DeVore, B. R. 1980. Soil microfungal response to an oil shale retort water. M. S. Thesis, Univ. Wyoming, Laramie.
   Google Scholar
• Dwivedi, R. S., and R. Dwivedi. 1971. Ecology of soil fungi of a sal forest with emphasis on fungistasis. Pl. & Soil 34: 33–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eicker, A. 1969. Microfungi from surface soil of forest communities in Zululand. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 53: 381–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eicker, A.. 1974. The mycoflora of an alkaline soil of the open-savannah of the Transvaal. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 63: 281–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England, C. M., and E. L. Rice. 1957. A comparison of the soil fungi of a tallgrass prairie and an abandoned field in central Oklahoma. Bot. Gaz. 118: 186–190.
   Google Scholar
• Farrow, W. M. 1954. Tropical soil fungi. Mycologia 46: 632–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. I. 1977. Aspergillus taxonomy. Pp. 1–21. In: Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus. Eds., J. E. Smith and J. A. Pateman. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, M. W. 1975. The wild conids: their systematics, behavioral ecology, and evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 508 p.
   Google Scholar
• Garber, E. D. 1973. Electrophoresis as a taxonomic and genetic tool for fungi. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 308–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gochenaur, S. E. 1970. Soil mycoflora of Peru. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 42: 259–272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gochenaur, S. E.. 1975. Distributional patterns of mesophilous and thermophilous microfungi in two Bahamian soils. Mycopathologia 57: 155–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanlin, R. T. 1973. The distribution of peanut fungi in the southeastern United States. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 49: 227–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawksworth, D. L. 1974. Mycologist's handbook: an introduction to the principles of taxonomy and nomenclature in the fungi and lichens. CMI, Kew. 231 p.
   Google Scholar
• Heathcote, J. G., and J. R. Hibbert. 1978. Aflatoxins: chemical and biological aspects. Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co., New York. 212 p.
   Google Scholar
• Hesseltine, C. W., R. J. Bothast, and O. L. Shotwell. 1975. Aflatoxin occurrence in some white corn under loan, 1971. IV. Mold flora. Mycologia 67: 392–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesseltine, C. W., R. J. Bothast, and O. L. Shotwell, O. L. Shotwell, M. L. Smith, G. M. Shannon, E. E. Vandegraft, and M. L. Goulden. 1968. Laboratory studies on the formation of aflatoxin in forages. Mycologia 60: 304–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesseltine, C. W., R. J. Bothast, and O. L. Shotwell, O. L. Shotwell, M. L. Smith, G. M. Shannon, E. E. Vandegraft, and M. L. Goulden, W. G. Sorenson, and M. Smith. 1970. Taxonomic studies of the aflatoxinproducing strains in the Aspergillus flavus group. Mycologia 62: 123–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffe, A. Z. 1969. The mycoflora of fresh and stored groundnut kernels in Israel. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 39: 255–264.
   Google Scholar
• Kamal and K. S. Bhargava. 1972. Studies on soil fungi from teak forests of Gorakhpur. II. A contribution to Indian Aspergilli. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 47: 59–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korf, R. P. 1972. Synoptic key to the genera of the Pezizales. Mycologia 64: 937–994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulik, M. M., and A. G. Brooks. 1970. Electrophoretic studies of soluble proteins from Aspergillus spp. Mycologia 62: 365–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann, J. 1974. Ist der Nahrungspilz der pilzzüchtenden Blattschneiderameisen und Termiten ein Aspergillus? Waldhygiene 10: 252–255.
   Google Scholar
• Luttrell, E. S. 1958. The function of taxonomy in mycology. Mycologia 50: 942–944.
   Google Scholar
• Mehrotra, B. R., and R. K. Kakkar. 1972. Ecological study of soil fungi of an agricultural field in Allahabad. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 47: 41–58.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. H., J. E. Giddens, and A. A. Foster. 1957. A survey of the fungi of forest and cultivated soils of Georgia. Mycologia 49: 779–808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, O. K., Jr. 1979. Mushrooms of North America. Dutton, New York. 368 p.
   Google Scholar
• Moustafa, A. F., M. S. Sharkas, and S. M. Kamel. 1976. Thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi in the desert and salt-marsh soils of Kuwait. Norwegian J. Bot. 23: 213–220.
   Google Scholar
• Mueller-Dombois, D., and M. Perera. 1971. Ecological differentiation and soil fungal distribution in the montane grasslands of Ceylon. Ceylon J. Sci. 9: 1–41.
   Google Scholar
• Murakami, H. 1971. Classification of the koji mold. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 17: 281–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasuno, S. 1974. Further evidence on differentiation of Aspergillus sojae from Aspergillus oryzae by electrophoretic patterns of cellulase, pectin-lyase, and acid proteinase. Canad. J. Microbiol. 20: 413–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nealson, K. H., and E. D. Garber. 1967. An electrophoretic survey of esterases, phosphatases, and leucine aminopeptidases in mycelial extracts of species of Aspergillus. Mycologia 59: 330–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nour, M. A. 1956. A preliminary survey of fungi in some Sudan soils. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 39: 357–360.
   Google Scholar
• Ranzoni, F. V. 1968. Fungi isolated in culture from soils of the Sonoran desert. Mycologia 60: 356–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, P. Rama. 1970. Studies on soil fungi. III. Seasonal variation and distribution of microfungi in some soils of Andhra Pradesh (India). Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 40: 277–298.
   Google Scholar
• Raper, K. B., and D. I. Fennell. 1965. The genus Aspergillus. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 686 p.
   Google Scholar
• Raper, K. B., and D. I. Fennell, and C. Thorn. 1949. Manual of the Penicillia. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 875 p.
   Google Scholar
• Ridgway, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Publ. by the author. Washington, D.C. 43 p. + 53 pl.
   Google Scholar
• Rifai, M. A. 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Mycol. Pap. 116: 1–56.
   Google Scholar
• Rostlund, E. 1961. Taming trees. Bull. At. Scientists 17: 326–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samson, R. A. 1979. A compilation of the Aspergilli described since 1965. Studies in Mycology 18: 1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Sargent, F., and D. B. Shimkin. 1965. Biology, society, and culture in human ecology. Bioscience 15: 512–516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. E., J. G. Anderson, S. G. Deans, and B. Davis. 1977. Asexual development in Aspergillus. Pp. 23–58. In: Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus. Eds., J. E. Smith and J. A. Pateman. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Sneath, P. H. A., and R. S. Sokal. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco. 573 p.
   Google Scholar
• Speare, A. T. 1912. Fungi parasitic upon insects injurious to sugar cane. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Pathol. Physiol. Ser., Bull. 12: 1–62.
   Google Scholar
• States, J. S. 1978. Soil fungi of cool-desert plant communities in northern Arizona and southern Utah. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 13: 13–17.
   Google Scholar
• States, J. S., and M. Christensen. 1966. Aspergillus leporis, a new species related to A. flavus. Mycologia 58: 738–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, C. V. 1971. Hyphomycetes; an account of Indian species, except Cercosporae. Indian Counc. Agric. Res., New Delhi. 930 p.
   Google Scholar
• Sugiyama, J. 1967. Mycoflora in core samples from stratigraphic drillings in middle Japan. II. The genus Aspergillus. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 9: 377–405.
   Google Scholar
• Thom, C., and M. B. Church. 1926. The Aspergilli. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 272 p.
   Google Scholar
• Tokunaga, M., J. Tokunaga, and K. Harada. 1973. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of sterigma and conidiospore formation in Aspergillus group. J. Electron Microscop. 22: 27–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varghese, G. 1972. Soil microflora of plantations and natural rain forest of west Malaysia. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 48: 43–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vincent, P. G., and M. M. Kulik. 1970. Pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography of fungi: differentiation of species and strains of several members of the Aspergillus flavus group. Appl. Microbiol. 20: 957–963.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vincent, P. G., and M. M. Kulik. 1973. Pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography of fungi: numerical characterization of species variation among members of the Aspergillus glaucus group. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 51: 251–265.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whittaker, R. H. 1975. Communities and ecosystems. Macmillan, New York. 395 p.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, B. J. B. 1977. Oriental food uses of Aspergillus. Pp. 481–498. In: Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus. Eds., J. E. Smith and J. A. Pateman. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Youssef, Y. A. 1974. On the fungal flora of Libyan soils. Arch. Microbiol. 99: 167–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar