LITERATURE CITED
- Ahti, T. 1978. Two new species of Cladonia from western North America. Bryologist 81: 334–338.
- Ahti, T.. 1980. Nomenclatural notes on Cladonia species. Lichenologist 12: 125–133.
- Ahti, T., and M. P. Marcelli. 1995. Taxonomy of the Cladonia verticillaris group in South America. Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 5–26.
- Ahti, T., and M. P. Marcelli, and S. Stenroos. 1994. New species of Cladonia from Brazil. Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 9–18.
- Crawford, J. W., and K. Ritz. 1994. Origin and consequences of colony form in fungi: a reaction-diffusion mechanism for morphogenesis. Pp. 311–327. In: Shape and Form in Plants and Fungi. Eds., D. S. Ingram, and A. Hudson, Academic Press, London. 380 pp.
- Hammer, S. 1989. Phytogeographical notes on acidophilous Cladonia species in California. Madroño 36: 169–174.
- Hammer, S.. 1993. Development in Cladonia ochrochlora. Mycologia 85: 84–92.
- Hammer, S.. 1995a. A synopsis of the lichen genus Cladonia in the northwestern United States. Bryologist 98: 1–28.
- Hammer, S.. 1995b. Primary tissue and the structure of the podetium in Cladonia. Mycologia 87: 46–53.
- Hammer, S.. 1996a. Variation and variability in Cladonia section Perviae. Mycologia: 88: 71–79.
- Hammer, S.. 1996b. Fungal aggregations in subsurface lichen thalli. Bryologist 99. (In press).
- Hammer, S., and T. Ahti. 1990. New and interesting species of Cladonia from California. Mycotaxon 37: 335–348.
- Jahns, M., M. Sensen, and S. Ott. 1995. Significance of developmental structures in lichens, especially in the genus Cladonia. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32: 35–48.
- Stevens, R. B., Ed. 1981. Mycology Handbook. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London. 712 pp.