The evolutionary origins of Epichloë endophytes from annual ryegrasses

LITERAUTURE CITED

• Arachevaleta M, Bacon CW, Hoveland CS, Radcliffe DE. 1989. Effect of the tall fescue endophyte on plant response to environmental stress. Agron J 81: 83–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacon CW, Lyons PC, Porter JK, Robbins JD. 1986. Ergot toxicity from endophyte-infected grasses: a review. Agron J 78: 106–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett SJ. 1997. A phenetic analysis and lateral key of the genus Lolium (Gramineae). Genet Res Crop Evol 44: 63–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrill M. 1976. Temperate grasses. In: Simmonds NW, ed. Evolution of crop plants. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Longman Scientific & Technical. p 137–142.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock WO, Fernandez JM, Short JM. 1987. XL1-Blue: a high efficiency plasmid transforming recA Escherichia coli strain with beta-galactosidase selection. Bio-Techniques 5: 376–378.
   Google Scholar
• Byrd AD, Schardl CL, Songlin PJ, Mogen KL, Siegel MR. 1990. The β-tubulin gene of Epichloë typhina from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Curr Genet 18: 347–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter JD, Ball OJ-P, Gwinn KD, Fribourg HA. 1997. Immunological detection of the Neotyphodium-like endophyte of annual ryegrass. In: Bacon CW, Hill NS, eds. Neotyphodium/grass interactions. New York: Plenum Press. p 247–249.
   Google Scholar
• Catalán P, Kellogg EA, Olmstead RG. 1997. Phylogeny of Poaceae subfamily Pooideae based on chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 8: 150–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmet G, Balfourier F. 1994. Isozyme variation and species relationships in the genus Lolium L. (ryegrasses, Graminaceae). Theor Appl Genet 87: 641–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmet G, Balfourier F., Ravel C, Balfourier F. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis in the Festuca-Lolium complex using molecular markers and ITS rDNA. Theor Appl Genet 94: 1038–1046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MJ, Ball OJ-P, Bennett RJ, Schardl CL. 1997. Fungal and host genotype effects on compatibility and vascular colonisation by Epichloë festucae. Mycol Res 101: 493–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MJ, Ball OJ-P, Bennett RJ, Schardl CL., Latch GCM. 1991. Variation among isolates of Acremonium endophytes (A. coenophialum and possibly A. typhinum) from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Mycol Res 95: 1123–1126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MJ, Ball OJ-P, Bennett RJ, Schardl CL., Latch GCM., Leuchtmann A, Rowan DD, Tapper BA. 1993. Taxonomy of Acremonium endophytes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), meadow fescue (F. pratensis) and perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne). Mycol Res 97: 1083–1092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MJ, Ball OJ-P, Bennett RJ, Schardl CL., Latch GCM., Leuchtmann A, Rowan DD, Tapper BA., Simpson WR, El Samarrai T. 2000. Infection of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass plants by combinations of different Neotyphodium endophytes. Mycol Res (In press).
   Google Scholar
• Chung K-R, Schardl CL. 1997. Sexual cycle and horizontal transmission of the grass symbiont, Epichloë typhina. Mycol Res 101: 295–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JI, Soreng RJ. 1993. Phylogenetic structure in the grass family (Poaceae) as inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Am J Bot 80: 1444–1454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher RT, Hawkes AD, Steyn PS, Vleggaar R. 1984. Tremorgenic neurotoxins from perennial ryegrass causing ryegrass staggers disorder of livestock: structure elucidation of lolitrem B. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun 614–616.
   Google Scholar
• Glenn AE, Bacon CW, Price R, Hanlin R. 1996. Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications. Mycologia 88: 369–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin DC, Lee SB. 1993. Microwave miniprep of total genomic DNA from fungi, plants, protists and animals for PCR. BioTechniques 15: 438–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes DS, Quigley M. 1981. A rapid boiling method for the preparation of bacterial plasmids. Anal Biochem 114: 193–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao C, Chatterton NJ, Asay KH, Jensen KB. 1995. Molecular phylogeny of the Pooideae (Poaceae) based on nuclear rDNA (ITS) sequences. Theor Appl Genet 90: 389–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuldau GA, Tsai H-F, Schardl CL. 1999. Genome sizes of Epichloë species and anamorphic hybrids. Mycologia 91: 776–782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latch GCM, Christensen MJ, Hickson RE. 1988. Endophytes of annual and hybrid ryegrasses. New Zealand J Agric Res 31: 57–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latch GCM, Christensen MJ, Hickson RE., Samuels GJ. 1984. Five endophytes of Lolium and Festuca in New Zealand. Mycotaxon 20: 535–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuchtmann A. 1994. Isozyme relationships of Acremonium endophytes from twelve Festuca species. Mycol Res 98: 25–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuchtmann A., Schardl CL. 1998. Mating compatibility and phylogenetic relationships among two new species of Epichloë and other congeneric European species. Mycol Res 102: 1169–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuchtmann A., Schardl CL., Siegel MR. 1994. Sexual compatibility and taxonomy of a new species of Epichloë symbiotic with fine fescue grasses. Mycologia 86: 802–812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockhart PJ, Larkum AWD, Steel MA, Waddell PJ, Penny D. 1996. Evolution of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll: The problem of invariant sites in sequence analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 1930–1934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer G, Leuchtmann A. 1999. Multistrain infections of the grass Brachypodium sylvaticum by its fungal endophyte Epichloë sylvatica. New Phytol 141: 355–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon CD, Tapper BA, Scott B. 1999. Identification of Epichloë endophytes in planta by a microsatellite-based PCR fingerprinting assay with automated analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 1268–1279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan-Jones G, White JF Jr, Piontelli EL. 1990. Endophytehost associations in forage grasses. XIII. Acremonium chilense, an undescribed endophyte occurring in Dactylis glomerata in Chile. Mycotaxon 39: 441–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller HJ. 1964. The relation of recombination to mutational advance. Mut Res 1: 2–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naffaa W, Ravel C, Guillaumin JJ. 1998. A new group of endophytes in European grasses. Ann Appl Biol 132: 211–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prestidge RA, Lauren DR, Van Der Zijpp SG, di Menna ME. 1985. Isolation of feeding deterrents to Argentine stem weevil in cultures of endophytes of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. New Zealand J Agric Res 28: 87–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardl CL. 1996. Epichloë species: Fungal symbionts of grasses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 34: 109–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardl CL., Leuchtmann A. 1999. Three new species of Epichloë symbiotic with North American grasses. Mycologia 91: 95–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardl CL., Leuchtmann A., Chung K-R, Penny D, Siegel MR. 1997. Coevolution by common descent of fungal symbionts Epichloë spp.) and grass hosts. Mol Biol Evol 14: 133–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardl CL., Leuchtmann A., Chung K-R, Penny D, Siegel MR., Tsai H-F, Collett MA, Watt DM, Scott DB. 1994. Origin of a fungal symbiont of perennial ryegrass by interspecific hybridization of a mutualist with the ryegrass choke pathogen, Epichloë typhina. Genetics 136: 1307–1317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardl CL., Leuchtmann A., Chung K-R, Penny D, Siegel MR., Tsai H-F, Collett MA, Watt DM, Scott DB., Liu J-S, White JF Jr, Finkel RA, An Z, Siegel MR. 1991. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of nonpathogenic grass mycosymbionts and clavicipitaceous plant pathogens. Pl Syst Evol 178: 27–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stammers M, Harris J, Evans GM, Hayward MD, Forster JW. 1995. Use of random PCR (RAPD) technology to analyse phylogenetic relationships in the Lolium/Festuca complex. Heredity 74: 19–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swofford DL. 1998. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and other methods). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• TePaske MR, Powell RG, Clement SL. 1993. Analyses of selected endophyte-infected grasses for the presence of loline-type and ergot-type alkaloids. J Agric Food Chem 41: 2299–2303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuring RWJ, Sanders JPM, Borst P. 1975. A freeze-squeeze method for recovering long DNA from agarose gels. Anal Biochem 66: 213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai H-F, Liu J-S, Staben C, Christensen MJ, Latch GCM, Siegel MR, Schardl CL. 1994. Evolutionary diversification of fungal endophytes of tall fescue grass by hybridization with Epichloë species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 2542–2546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White JF Jr. 1993. Endophyte-host associations in grasses. XIX. A systematic study of some sympatric species of Epichloë in England. Mycologia 85: 444–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White JF Jr.. 1994. Endophyte-host associations in grasses. XX. Structural and reproductive studies of Epichloë amarillans sp. nov. and comparisons to E. typhina. Mycologia 86: 571–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. PCR protocols—a guide to methods and applications. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. p 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Wille PA, Aeschbacher RA, Boller T. 1999. Distribution of fungal endophyte genotypes in doubly infected host grasses. Pl J 18: 349–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunusov SY, Akramov ST. 1955. Investigation of the alkaloids of the seeds of Lolium cuneatum (Nevski). J Gen Chem USSR (Engl Transl) 25: 1765–1771.
   Google Scholar