Potential phosphorus losses in overland flow from pastoral soils receiving long‐term applications of either superphosphate or reactive phosphate rock

References

• Allinson , G. , Stagnitti , F. , Salzman , S. A. , Thwaites , L. A. , Dover , K. J. , Venner , J. P. and Lloyd‐Smith , J. 2000 . Comparison of behaviour of natural and synthetic phosphate fertilizers in moderately water‐repellent sandy loam soil under winter rainfall. . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 31 : 3027 – 3035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANZECC . 2000 . Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. , Volumes 1 and 2 , Canberra, ACT, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council .
   Google Scholar
• Di , H. J. , Harrison , R. and Campbell , A. S. 1994 . Assessment of methods for studying the dissolution of phosphate fertilizers of differing solubility in soil. I: An isotopic dilution method. . Fertilizer Research , 38 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming , N. K. , Bolland , M. D. A. and Gilbert , M. A. 1997 . Effect of reactive phosphate rocks and water‐soluble phosphorus fertilisers on extractable phosphorus concentrations in soil. . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 37 : 1009 – 1017 .
   Google Scholar
• Genstat Committee 6 . 2002 . Genstat for Windows , 6th ed. , Harpenden, , UK : Rothamsted Experimental Station, Lawes Agricultural Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Gillingham , A. G. , Thorrold , B. S. , Wheeler , D. M. , Power , I. L. , Gray , M. H. and Blennerhasset , J. D. Factors influencing phosphate losses in surface runoff water . Proceedings of the 24th New Zealand FMRA Technical Conference . Invercargill, New Zealand. Edited by: Furness , H. pp. 144 – 153 . New Zealand Fert. Manuf. Res. Assoc. . Auckland, New Zealand
   Google Scholar
• Goulding , K. , Stockdale , E. , Fortune , S. and Watson , C. 2000 . Nutrient cycling on organic farms . Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England , 161 : 65 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Halberg , N. 1999 . Indicators of resource use and environmental impact for use in decision aid for Danish livestock farmers. . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 76 : 17 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , B. , Fjelstad‐Alrøe , H. and Steen‐Kristensen , E. 2001 . Approaches to assess the environmental impact of organic farming with particular regard to Denmark. . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 83 : 11 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haygarth , P. M. and Sharpley , A. N. 2000 . Terminology for phosphorus transfer. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 29 : 10 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McColl , R. H. S. , White , E. and Waugh , J. R. 1975 . Chemical run‐off in catchments converted to agricultural use. . New Zealand Journal of Science , 18 : 67 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell , R. W. and Sharpley , A. N. 2001 . Approximating phosphorus release from soils to surface runoff and subsurface drainage. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 30 : 508 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell , R. W. , Sharpley , A. N. , Condron , L. M. , Haygarth , P. M. and Brookes , P. C. 2001 . Processes controlling soil phosphorus release to runoff and implications for agricultural management. . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 59 : 269 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metherell , A. , Condron , L. M. and Eden , R. M. Effects of fertiliser rates and forms on soil phosphorus fractions in a long term trial at Winchmore, New Zealand . The 18th International Grasslands Congress, Session 10 ‐ Soil Fertility . June 18–19 , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ID NO. 638
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , L. and Quinn , B. Potential phosphorus losses in runoff from New Zealand pastoral soils receiving superphosphate and reactive phosphate rock applications . Proceedings of the Workshop Connecting Phosphorus Transfer from Agriculture to Impacts in Surface Waters . August 28 , UK. Edited by: Haygarth , P. M. , Condron , L. M. , Butler , P. J. and Chisholm , J. S. Plymouth University . 1 September
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , M. L. , Cooper , A. B. and Thorrold , B. S. 1999 . Phosphorus losses in surface runoff from field plots receiving soluble and slow‐release phosphatic fertilisers , NIWA Client Report: SQF90201 Hamilton, , New Zealand : National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , L. , Quinn , B. and Sukias , J. Potential losses of phosphorus and nitrogen in runoff and drainage from pastoral soils applied with superphosphate and reactive phosphate rock . Proceedings of the Workshop “Dairy Farm Management” . February 13–14 , Palmerston North, New Zealand. Edited by: Currie , L. D. and Loganathan , P. pp. 137 – 153 . Massey University . Occasional Report No 15. Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , S. R. , Cole , C. V. , Watanabe , F. S. and Dean , L. A. 1954 . Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate , United States Department of Agriculture Circular No. 939 Washington DC : United States Government Print Office .
   Google Scholar
• Perrott , K. W. , Roberts , A. H. C. , Saggar , S. , Shannon , P. W. , O'Conner , M. B. , Ngyuen , L. and Risk , W. H. 1992 . Pasture production and soil phosphorus fractions resulting from six previous annual applications of triple superphosphate or Sechura rock phosphate . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 35 : 307 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preedy , N. , McTiernan , K. , Mathews , R. , Heathwaite , L. and Haygarth , P. 2001 . Rapid incidental phosphorus transfers from grassland. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 30 : 2105 – 2122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickard , D. S. and McBride , S. D. 1987 . Long term application and residual effects of superphosphate and effects of reactive phosphate rock on irrigated pasture , Technical Report 22. Canterbury, , New Zealand : Winchmore Irrigation Research Station, AgResearch .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , A. H. C. and Morton , J. D. 1999 . Fertiliser use of New Zealand dairy farms , 37 Auckland, , New Zealand : New Zealand Fertiliser Manufacturers’ Association .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , A. N. 1985 . Depth of surface soil‐runoff interaction as affected by rainfall, soil slope, and management. . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 49 : 1010 – 1015 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , A. N. and Smith , S. J. 1989 . Prediction of soluble phosphorus transport in agricultural runoff. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 18 : 313 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , A. N. , Smith , S. J. and Menzel , R. G. 1982 . Prediction of phosphorus losses in runoff from Southern Plains watersheds. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 11 : 247 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , A. N. , Chapra , S. C. , Wedepohl , R. , Sims , J. T. , Daniel , T. C. and Reddy , K. R. 1994 . Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: Issues and options. . Journal of Environmental Quality , 23 : 437 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , A. N. , Daniel , T. C. , Wright , B. , Kleinman , P. , Sobecki , T. , Parry , R. and Joern , B. 1999 . National research project to identify sources of agricultural phosphorus loss. . Better Crops , 83 : 12 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Shelton , C. H. , von Bernuth , R. D. and Rajbhandari , S. P. 1985 . A continuous‐application rainfall simulator. . Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers , 28 : 1115 – 1119 .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , A. G. , Johnston , P. D. , Smith , L. C. , O'Connor , M. B. and Nguyen , L. 1994a . Agronomy, modelling and economics of reactive phosphoate rocks as slow release fertiliser for grasslands. . Fertilizer Research , 36 : 229 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair , A. G. , Johnstone , P. D. , Smith , L. C. , Risk , W. H. , Morton , J. D. , O'Connor , M. B. , Roberts , A. H. C. , Nguyen , L. and Shannon , P. W. 1994b . Patterns of, and a model for, dry matter yield response in grass/clover pastures to annual applications of triple superphosphate fertiliser. . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 37 : 239 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. M. 1989 . Sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channelised surface run‐off from aNew Zealand pastoral catchment. . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 21 : 627 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , L. C. and Monaghan , R. M. 2003 . Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in overland flow from a cattle‐grazed pasture in Southland. . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 46 : 225 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS Inc. 1999 . SPSS Version 10 User's Manual. , 426 Chicago : SPSS Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , M. D. 2000 . Determination of total phosphorus in soil using a simple Kjeldahl digestion. . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 31 : 2665 – 2670 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcock , R. J. , Nagels , J. W. , Rodda , H. J. E. , O'Connor , M. B. , Thorrold , B. S. and Barnett , J. W. 1999 . Water quality of a lowland stream in a New Zealand dairy farming catchment. . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 33 : 683 – 696 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar