1,791
Views
86
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The impacts of nitrogen fertilisation and increased stocking rate on pasture yield, soil physical condition and nutrient losses in drainage from a cattle‐grazed pasture

, , , &
Pages 227-240 | Received 08 Jul 2004, Accepted 07 Apr 2005, Published online: 17 Mar 2010

References

  • ANZECC . 2000 . Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality , Vols 1 and 2 , Canberra, ACT, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council .
  • Ball , PR and Ryden , JC . 1984 . Nitrogen relationships in intensively managed temperate grasslands . Plant and Soil , 76 : 23 – 33 .
  • Browne , D . 1970 . Evaluating the place of fertiliser nitrogen for dairy farming . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 32 : 153 – 159 .
  • Caradus , JR and Chapman , DF . 1991 . Variability of stolon characteristics and response to shading in two cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 34 : 237 – 247 .
  • Carrick , ST , Alexander , DA and McIntosh , PD . 2001 . “ Soils of the Mataura‐Gorge Road district. Scale 1: 50 000 ” . In Topoclimate South soil Map 28a Topoclimate South, Mataura, , New Zealand
  • Crosbie , SF , Smallfield , BM , Hawker , H , Floate , MJS , Keoghan , JM , Enright , PD and Abernathy , RJ . 1987 . Exploiting the pasture capacitance probe in agricultural research: a comparison with other methods of measuring herbage mass . Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge , 108 : 155 – 163 .
  • Curll , ML , Wilkins , RJ , Snaydon , RW and Shanmugalingam , VS . 1985 . The effects of stocking rate and nitrogen fertilizer on a perennial ryegrass‐white clover sward. 2. Subsequent sward and sheep performance . Grass and Forage Science , 40 : 141 – 149 .
  • Dexter , AR . 1991 . Amelioration of soil by natural processes . Soil and Tillage Research , 20 : 87 – 100 .
  • Di , HJ and Cameron , KC . 2002 . Nitrate leaching and pasture production from different nitrogen sources on a shallow stoney soil under flood‐irrigated dairy pasture . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 40 : 317 – 334 .
  • Drewry , JJ and Paton , RJ . 2000 . Effects of cattle treading and natural amelioration on soil physical properties and pasture under dairy farming in Southland, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 43 : 377 – 386 .
  • Drewry , JJ , Littlejohn , RJ and Paton , RJ . 2000 . A survey of soil physical properties on sheep and dairy farms in southern New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 43 : 251 – 258 .
  • Drewry , JJ , Littlejohn , RJ , Paton , RJ , Singleton , PL , Boyes , M , Judge , A , Monaghan , RM and Smith , LC . 2002 . “ Dairy pasture yield responses to macroporosity and soil physical properties, and variability of large and small samples ” . In Dairy farm soil management , Occasional Report 15 Edited by: Currie , LD and Logana‐than , P . 61 – 78 . New Zealand : Massey University .
  • Eisenreich , SJ , Bannerman , RT and Armstrong , DE . 1975 . A simplified phosphorus analytical technique . Environmental Letters , 9 : 45 – 53 .
  • Environment Southland . 2000 . Proposed regional freshwater plan , Publication No. 2000–20 Environment Southland .
  • Feyter , C , O'Connor , MB and Addison , B . 1985 . Effects of rates and times of nitrogen application on the production and composition of dairy pastures in Waikato district, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 13 : 247 – 252 .
  • GenStat Committee . 2002 . GenStat for Windows. , 6th ed. , Oxford : VSNInternational .
  • Greenwood , KL and McKenzie , BM . 2001 . Grazing effects on soil physical properties and consequences for pastures: a review . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 41 : 1231 – 1250 .
  • Harris , AJ , Brown , KR , Turner , JD , Johnstone , JM , Ryan , DL and Hickey , MJ . 1973 . Some factors affecting pasture growth in Southland . New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 1 : 139 – 163 .
  • Harris , SL and Clark , DL . 1996 . Effects of high rates of nitrogen fertiliser on white clover growth, morphology, and nitrogen fixation activity in grazed dairy pasture in northern New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 39 : 149 – 158 .
  • Hewitt , AE and Shepherd , TG . 1997 . Structural vulnerability of New Zealand soils . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 35 : 461 – 474 .
  • Ledgard , SF . 1990 . Nitrogen fertiliser use on pastures and crops , 32 Christchurch : Wyatt & Wilson Print .
  • Ledgard , SF , Crush , JR and Penno , JW . 1998 . Environmental impacts of different nitrogen inputs on dairy farms and implications for the Resource Management Act of New Zealand . Environmental Pollution , 102 : 515 – 519 .
  • LIC . 1991 . Dairy statistics , Hamilton : Livestock Improvement Corporation .
  • LIC . 2003 . Dairy statistics , Hamilton : Livestock Improvement Corporation .
  • MAF . 2002 . Dairy monitoring report: a short‐term financial and physical forecast reflecting farmer, farm consultant and industry perceptions of farming trends and issues, production and financial figures , Hamilton : MAFPolicy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry .
  • MAF . 2003 . Dairy monitoring report: a short‐term financial and physical forecast reflecting farmer, farm consultant and industry perceptions of farming trends and issues, production and financial figures , Hamilton : MAFPolicy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry .
  • Moir , JL , Scotter , DR , Hedley , MJ and Mackay , AD . 2000 . A climate‐driven, soil fertility dependent, pasture production model . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 43 : 491 – 500 .
  • Monaghan , RM and Smith , LC . 2004 . Minimising surface water pollution resulting from farm‐dairy effluent application to mole‐pipe drained soils. II. The contribution of preferential flow of effluent to whole‐farm pollutant losses in subsurface drainage from a West Otago dairy farm . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 47 : 417 – 428 .
  • Monaghan , RM , Paton , RJ and Drewry , JJ . 2002 . Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in mole and tile drainage from a cattle‐grazed pasture in eastern Southland . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 45 : 197 – 205 .
  • Mulvaney , RL and Bremner , JM . 1979 . A modified diacetyl monoxime method for colorimetric determination of urea in soil extracts . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 10 : 1163 – 1170 .
  • Murphy , J and Riley , JR . 1962 . A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters . Analytica Chimica Acta , 27 : 31 – 36 .
  • Neshiem , L and Boller , BC . 1991 . Nitrogen fixation by white clover when competing with grasses at moderately low temperatures . Plant and Soil , 133 : 47 – 56 .
  • O'Connor , MB . 1982 . “ Nitrogen fertilisers for the production of out‐of‐season grass ” . In Nitrogen fertilisers in New Zealand agriculture , Edited by: Lynch , PB . 65 – 76 . Wellington : New Zealand Institute of Agricultural Science .
  • Percival , HJ , Schipper , LA and Sparling , GP . 2003 . “ An approach for estimating maximum nitrogen storage in soils at national scales ” . In Tools for nutrient and pollutant management , Occasional Report 17 Edited by: Currie , LD and Hanly , JA . 219 – 223 . New Zealand : Massey University .
  • Roach , CG , Longhurst , RD and Ledgard , SF . 2001 . Land application of farm dairy effluent for sustainable dairy farming . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 63 : 53 – 57 .
  • Risk , WH . 1982 . “ The use of nitrogen fertilisers on the Southland Plains ” . In Nitrogen fertilisers in New Zealand agriculture , Edited by: Lynch , PB . 149 – 158 . Wellington : New Zealand Institute of Agricultural Science .
  • Scotter , DR , Clothier , BE and Turner , MA . 1979 . The soil water balance in a Fragiaqualf and its effect on pasture growth in central New Zealand . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 17 : 455 – 465 .
  • Silva , RG , Cameron , KC , Di , HJ and Hendry , T . 1999 . A ly‐simeter study of the impact of cow urine, dairy shed effluent, and nitrogen fertiliser on nitrate leaching . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 37 : 357 – 369 .
  • Sinclair , AG , Smith , LC , Morrison , JD and Dodds , KG . 1996 . Effects and interaction of phosphorus and sulphur on a mown white clover/ryegrass sward 1. Herbage dry matter production and balanced nutrition . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 39 : 421 – 433 .
  • Singleton , PL , Boyes , M and Addison , B . 2000 . Effects of treading by dairy cattle on topsoil physical conditions for six contrasting soil types in Waikato and Northland, New Zealand, with implications for monitoring . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 43 : 559 – 567 .
  • Smith , LC and Monaghan , RM . 2003 . Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in overland flow from a cattle‐grazed pasture in Southland . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 46 : 225 – 237 .
  • Smith , LC , Morton , JD , Catto , WD and Trainor , KD . 2000 . Nitrogen responses on pastures in the southern South Island of New Zealand . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 62 : 19 – 23 .
  • Steele , KW , Judd , MJ and Shannon , PW . 1984 . Leaching of nitrate and other nutrients from a grazed pasture . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 27 : 5 – 11 .
  • Vickery , PJ and Nicol , GR . 1982 . An improved electronic capacitance meter for estimating pasture yield: construction details and performance tests , Animal Research Laboratories Technical Paper No. 9 Australia : CSIRO .
  • Whitehead , DC . 1995 . Grassland nitrogen , Wallingford : CAB International .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.