588
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research articles

Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 4. Greenhouse gas and carbon stock implications of land management change

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 540-564 | Received 25 Oct 2019, Accepted 25 May 2020, Published online: 18 Jun 2020

References

  • Beets PN, Kimberley MO, Oliver GO, Pearce SH, Graham JD, Brandon A. 2012. Allometric equations for estimating carbon stocks in natural forest in New Zealand. Forests. 3:818–839.
  • Beukes PC, Gregorini P, Romera AJ, Levy G, Waghorn GC. 2010. Improving production efficiency as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions on pastoral farms in New Zealand. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 136:358–365.
  • Beukes PC, Palliser CC, Macdonald KA, Lancaster JAS, Levy G, Thorrold BS, Wastney ME. 2008. Evaluation of a whole-farm model for pasture-based dairy systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 91:2353–2360.
  • Bruce JG. 1978. Soils of part Raglan County, South Auckland, New Zealand. Soil Bureau Bulletin 41. Wellington: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
  • Burrows L, Easdale T, Wakelin S, Quinn J, Graham E, Mackay A. 2018. Carbon sequestration potential of non-ETS land on farms. Report for the Ministry of Primary Industries. Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research. 76 pp.
  • Carswell F, Burrows L, Easdale T, Mason N, Holdaway R, Payton I, Fraser A, Karl B, Grant Pearce G. 2014. Tools to predict carbon sequestration in regenerating shrublands. Landcare Research Contract Report LC1899 for the Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington.
  • Carswell FE, Burrows LE, Mason NWH. 2009. Above-ground sequestration by early-successional woody vegetation, a preliminary analysis. Science for Conservation 297, 20pp. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
  • Carswell F, Mason N, Holdaway R, Burrows L, Payton I, Sutherland A, Price R, Pearce G, Corich-Hermans O, Williams P. 2013. Indirect estimation of gorse and broom ‘non-forest land’ to ‘forest land’ transition. MPI Technical Paper No. 2013, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington.
  • Dodd M, Barker G, Burns B, Didham R, Innes J, King C, Smale M, Watts C. 2011. The resilience of New Zealand indigenous forest fragments to impacts of livestock and pest mammals. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 35(1):83–95.
  • Dodd MB, Carlson W, Silcock P. 2014. The economics of transformation toward sustainable hill country land use: Whatawhata case study. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 76:163–168.
  • Dodd MB, Mackay AD. 2011. Effects of contrasting soil fertility on root mass, root growth, root decomposition and soil carbon under a New Zealand perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. Plant and Soil. 349:291–302.
  • Dodd MB, Thorrold BS, Quinn JM, Parminter TG, Wedderburn ME. 2008a. Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 1. Goal development and assessment of current performance. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 51:127–141.
  • Dodd MB, Thorrold BS, Quinn JM, Parminter TG, Wedderburn ME. 2008b. Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 2. Forecasting and planning land-use change. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 51:143–153.
  • Dodd MB, Thorrold BS, Quinn JM, Parminter TG, Wedderburn ME. 2008c. Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 3. short-term outcomes of land-use change. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 51:155–169.
  • Dominati EJ, Mackay A, Lynch B, Heath N, Millner I. 2014. An ecosystem services approach to the quantification of shallow mass movement erosion and the value of soil conservation practices. Ecosystem Services. 9:204–215.
  • Doole GJ. 2014. Least-cost greenhouse gas mitigation on New Zealand dairy farms. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 98:235–251.
  • Ford-Robertson JB. 1996. Estimating the net carbon balance of the plantation forest industry in New Zealand. Biomass and Bioenergy. 10(1):7–10.
  • Gillingham AG, Richardson S, Power IL, Riley J. 1990. Long term effects of withholding phosphate application on North Island hill country: Whatawhata Research Centre. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 51:11–16.
  • Guevara-Escobar A, Kemp PD, Mackay AD, Hodgson J. 2002. Soil properties of a widely spaced planted poplar (Populus deltoides)-pasture system in a hill environment. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 40:873–886.
  • Harrison MT, Jackson T, Cullen BR, Rawnsley RP, Ho C, Cummins L, Eckard RJ. 2014. Increasing ewe genetic fecundity improves whole-farm production and reduces greenhouse gas emissions intensities: 1. sheep production and emissions intensities. Agricultural Systems. 131:23–33.
  • Holdaway RJ, Easdale TA, Carswell FE, Richardson SJ, Peltzer DA, Mason NWH, Brandon AM, Coomes DA. 2017. Nationally representative plot network reveals contrasting drivers of net biomass change in secondary and old-growth forests. Ecosystems. 20:944–959.
  • Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: the physical basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change. 2014. Climate Change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.
  • Johnson IR, Chapman DF, Snow VO, Eckard RJ, Parsons AJ, Lambert MG, Cullen BR. 2008. Dairymod and EcoMod: biophysical pasture-simulation models for Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48(5):621–631.
  • Kemp PD, Mackay AD, Matheson LA, Timmins ME. 2001. The forage value of poplars and willows. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 63:115–119.
  • Kimberley M, Bergin D, Beets P. 2014. Carbon sequestration by planted native trees and shrubs. Technical Article No. 10.5, Tane’s Tree Trust. [accessed 2019 August 1]. https://www.tanestrees.org.nz/site/assets/files/1069/10_5_carbon_sequestration.pdf.
  • Kirschbaum MUF. 1999. Cenw, a forest growth model with linked carbon, energy, nutrient and water cycles. Ecological Modelling. 118:17–59.
  • Kirschbaum MUF, Saggar S, Tate KR, Giltrap DL, Ausseil A-GE, Greenhalgh S, Whitehead D. 2012a. Comprehensive evaluation of the climate-change implications of shifting land use between forest and grassland: New Zealand as a case study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 150:123–138.
  • Kirschbaum MUF, Watt MS. 2011. Use of a process-based model to describe spatial variation in Pinus radiata productivity in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management. 262:1008–1019.
  • Kirschbaum MUF, Watt MS, Tait A, Ausseil A-GE. 2012b. Future wood productivity of Pinus radiata in New Zealand under expected climatic changes. Global Change Biology. 18:1342–1356.
  • Ledgard SF, Boyes M, Brentrup F. 2011. Life cycle assessment of local and imported fertilisers used on New Zealand farms. In: Adding to the knowledge base for the nutrient manager. In: Currie LD, Christensen CL, editors. Occasional Report No. 24. Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. http://flrc.massey.ac.nz/publications.html.
  • Leslie M, Aspin M, Clark H. 2008. Greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand agriculture: issues, perspectives and industry response. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48(2):1–5.
  • Lesschen JP, van den Berg M, Westhoek HJ, Witzke HP, Oenema O. 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions profiles of European livestock sectors. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 166-167:16–28.
  • Lodhiyal LS, Singh RP, Singh SP. 1995. Structure and function of an age series of poplar plantations in central Himalaya I: Dry matter dynamics. Annals of Botany. 76:191–199.
  • Lynn IH, Manderson AK, Page MJ, Harmsworth GR, Eyles GO, Douglas GB, Mackay AD, Newsome PJF. 2009. Land use capability survey handbook – a New Zealand handbook for the classification of land 3rd Ed., AgResearch, Hamilton; Landcare Research, Lincoln; GNS Science, Lower Hutt. 163 pp.
  • Mackay AD, Scobie DR, Rhodes TR, Devantier B. 2019. Has progress been made in increasing the eco-efficiency of livestock systems? Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production. 79:43–55.
  • Mason NWH, Beets PN, Payton I, Burrows L, Holdaway RJ, Carswell FJ. 2014. Individual-based allometric equations accurately measure carbon storage and sequestration in shrublands. Forests. 5:309–324.
  • MfE. 2017. Adapting to climate change in New Zealand. Stocktake Report from the Climate Change Adaptation Technical Working Group. Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand Government. 116 pp. http://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/media/Climate%20Change/adapting-to-climate-change-stocktake-tag-report.pdf.
  • MfE. 2019a. Climate change response (zero-carbon) amendment bill. Ministry for the Environment, [accessed 2019 July 11]. https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/zero-carbon-amendment-bill.
  • MfE. 2019b. New Zealand’s greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2017. Ministry for the Environment, [accessed 2019 July 11]. https://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/media/Climate%20Change/nz-greenhouse-gas-inventory-2019.pdf.
  • MPI. 2015. Guide to the permanent forest sink initiative. Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington 20 pp file://gfs/doddm$/Downloads/2015-PFSI-Guidelines-v5.0.pdf.
  • MPI. 2017. A guide to carbon look-up tables for forestry in the emissions trading scheme. Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand. 42 pp. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/31695/send.
  • Nash JE, Sutcliffe JV. 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models part 1. A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology. 10:282–290.
  • New Zealand Government. 2019. Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Bill. Government Bill 136–1. [accessed 2019 October 15]. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2019/0136/latest/LMS183736.html.
  • PCE. 2016. Climate change and agriculture: understanding the biological greenhouse gases. Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, New Zealand Government, 100 pp., https://www.pce.parliament.nz/media/1678/climate-change-and-agriculture-web.pdf.
  • PCE. 2019. Farms, forests and fossil fuels: the next great landscape transformation? Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, New Zealand Government, 185 pp., https://www.pce.parliament.nz/media/196523/report-farms-forests-and-fossil-fuels.pdf.
  • Price SJ, Sherlock RR, Kelliher FM, McSeveny TM, Tate KR, Condron LM. 2004. Pristine New Zealand forest soil is a strong methane sink. Global Change Biology. 10(1):16–26.
  • Price S, Whitehead D, Sherlock R, McSeveny T, Rogers G. 2010. Net exchange of greenhouse gases from soils in an unimproved pasture and regenerating indigenous Kunzea ericoides shrubland in New Zealand. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 48:385–394.
  • Rawnsley R, Dynes R, Christie K, Harrison MT, Doran-Browne NA, Vibart R, Eckard R. 2018. A review of whole farm-system analysis in evaluating greenhouse-gas mitigation strategies from livestock production systems. Animal Production Science. 58:980–989.
  • Reisinger A, Leahy S. 2019. Scientific aspects of New Zealand’s 2050 emissions targets. New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas research Centre, Palmerston North. [Accessed 2019 August 28] [20 pp.]. https://www.nzagrc.org.nz/user/file/Scientific aspects of 2050 methane targets.
  • Saggar S, Tate KR, Giltrap DL, Singh J. 2008. Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide and methane in New Zealand terrestrial ecosystems and their mitigation options: a review. Plant and Soil. 309:25–42.
  • Schipper LA, Dodd MB, Fisk LM, Power IL, Parenzee J, Arnold G. 2011. Trends in soil carbon and nutrients of hill-country pastures receiving different phosphorus fertilizer loadings for 20 years. Biogeochemistry. 104:35–48.
  • Scott NA, White JD, Townsend JA, Whitehead D, Leathwick JR, Hall GMJ, Marden M, Rogers GND, Watson AJ, Whaley PT. 2000. Carbon and nitrogen distribution and accumulation in a New Zealand scrubland ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 30(8):1246–1255.
  • Sheath GW, Boom RC. 1985. Effects of November-April grazing pressure on hill country pastures 3. Interrelationship with soil and pasture variation. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 13:341–349.
  • Shrestha RK, Strahm BD, Sucre EB. 2015. Greenhouse Gas emissions in response to nitrogen fertilization in managed forest ecosystems. New Forests. 46:167–193.
  • Smale MC, Dodd MB, Burns BR, Power IL. 2008. Long-term impacts of grazing on indigenous forest remnants in a North Island hill country catchment, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 32(1):57–66.
  • Stern N. 2007. The economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tate KR, Ross DJ, Saggar S, Hedley CB, Dando J, Singh BK, Lambie SM. 2007. Methane uptake in soils from Pinus radiata plantations, a reverting shrubland and adjacent pastures: effects of land-use change, and soil texture, water and mineral nitrogen. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39:1437–1449.
  • Trotter C, Tate K, Scott N, Townsend JA, Wilde H, Lambie S, Marden M, Pinkney T. 2005. Afforestation/reforestation of New Zealand marginal pasture lands and indigenous shrublands: the potential for Kyoto forest sinks. Annals of Forest Science. 62:865–871.
  • Van der Weerden TJ, Beukes P, de Klein C, Hutchinson K, Farrell L, Stormink T, Romera A, Dalley D, Monaghan R, Chapman D, et al. 2018. The effects of system changes in grazed dairy farmlet trials on greenhouse gas emissions. Animals. 8:234.
  • Vibart R, Douglas GB, Mackay AD, Dodd MB, McIvor IR. 2015. Pasture-tree systems – modelling potential implications for animal performance and greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of New Zealand Grasslands. 77:153–158.
  • Webby RW, Sheath GW, Boom CJ. 1990. Performance of new pasture cultivars in a hill country finishing system. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 51:151–156.
  • Wheeler DM, Ledgard SF, de Klein CAM. 2008. Using the OVERSEER nutrient budget model to estimate on-farm greenhouse gas emissions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48(2):99–103.
  • White TA, Snow VO, King WM. 2010. Intensification of New Zealand beef farming systems. Agricultural Systems. 103(1):21–35.
  • Woortmann C. 2010. Forest managers report on Whatawhata forest. Taupo: New Zealand Forestry Ltd. 10 pp.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.