372
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A review of grass species yields and growth rates in Northland, New Zealand

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 05 Jan 2024, Accepted 22 Apr 2024, Published online: 12 May 2024

References

  • Allo AV. 1953. Paspalum and its place in the Bay of Plenty. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 15:90–94. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1953.15.1009.
  • Baars J, Radcliffe J, Brunswic L. 1975. Seasonal distribution of pasture production in New Zealand. VI. Wairakei; Pasture and Lucerne Production. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 3:253–258.
  • Baars JA. 1976. VIII. Dargaville. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 4:151–156. doi:10.1080/03015521.1976.10425861.
  • Beef Profit from Pasture Group. 2017a. Technical Summary 5: Annual ryegrass into sprayed out pasture. (Unpublished). 1–4.
  • Beef Profit from Pasture Group. 2017b. Technical Summary 4: Annual ryegrass established into existing pasture. (Unpublished). 1–3.
  • Beef Profit from Pasture Group. 2017c. Technical Summary 1: Kikuyu Management Comparison (Unpublished). 7:4.
  • Betteridge K, Baker CJ. 1983. Production from a drought-prone Northland pasture direct drilled with 3 grass cultivars. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 11(2):101–106. doi:10.1080/03015521.1983.10427737.
  • Betteridge K, Haynes DA. 1986. Altering the growth pattern of kikuyu pastures with temperate grasses. Proceedings New Zealand Grassland Association. 47:81–87.
  • Chappell PR. 2013. The climate and weather of Northland. NIWA Science and Technology Series. 65:40.
  • Copland L. 2009. Introduction to Northland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 71:5–8. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2009.71.2755.
  • Cummings DC. 2007. Vegetation dynamics and livestock production on rangelands in the southern Great Plains. United States [PhD thesis]. Oklahoma State University. 138. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215255517.pdf
  • Davies A, Thomas H. 1983. Rates of leaf and tiller production in young spaced perennial ryegrass plants in relation to soil temperature and solar radiation. Annals of Botany. 51:591–597. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086505.
  • Davies LJ, Hunt BJ. 1983. Growth of tropical grass introductions in mixed swards with ryegrass and clover under mowing. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 26:415–422. doi:10.1080/00288233.1983.10427014.
  • Dodd M, Lieffering M, Newton P, Dongwen P. 2011. Tomorrow’s pastures: subtropical grass growth under climate change. 2011/19, MAF Technical Paper No: Forestry, Prepared for Ministry of Agriculture and C10X0826) by AgResearch (Project 2009, December) [Internet]. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/6226/direct.
  • Donaghy D, Bryant R, Cranston L, Egan M, Griffiths W, Kay J, Pembleton K, Tozer K. 2021. Will current rotational grazing management recommendations suit future intensive pastoral systems? NZGA Research and Practice Series. 17:225–242.
  • Dunnett CW. 1980. Pairwise multiple comparisons in the homogeneous variance, unequal sample size case. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 75(372):789–795. doi:10.1080/01621459.1980.10477551.
  • Easton HS, Couchman JN. 1999. Ryegrass endophyte and cattle growth in Northland. Grasslands Research and Practice Series. 57–62.
  • Easton HS, Lee CK, Fitzgerald RD. 1994. Tall fescue in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 37:405–417. doi:10.1080/00288233.1994.9513078.
  • Garcia SC, Fulkerson WJ, Brookes SU. 2008. Dry matter production, nutritive value and efficiency of nutrient utilization of a complementary forage rotation compared to a grass pasture system. Grass and Forage Science. 63(3):284–300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00636.x.
  • Goold GJ. 1979. Effect of nitrogen and cutting interval on production of grass species swards in Northland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 7(4):353–359. doi:10.1080/03015521.1979.10426212.
  • Goold GJ. 1980. Rates of dairy shed effluent applied to pastures on clay soils in Northland. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 8:93–99. doi:10.1080/03015521.1980.10426241.
  • Harmsworth GR. 1996. Land use capability classification of the Northland region : a report to accompany the second edition New Zealand Land Resource Inventory. Lincoln: Manaaki Whenua Press.
  • Harrington LJ, Dean SM, Awatere S, Rosier S, Queen L, Gibson PB, Barnes C, Zachariah M, Philip S, Kew S, Koren G. 2023. The role of climate change in extreme rainfall associated with Cyclone Gabrielle over Aotearoa New Zealand’s East Coast. Scientific Reports New Zeal Floods Grantham Inst. 1–35.
  • Harrison MT, Cullen RP, Rawnsley BR. 2016. Modelling the sensitivity of agricultural systems to climate change and extreme climatic events. Agricultural Systems. 148:135–148. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2016.07.006.
  • Herrero M, Fawcett RH, Silveira V, Busque J, Bernues A, Dent JB. 2000. Modelling the growth and utilisation of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) under grazing. 1. Model definition and parameterisation. Agricultural Systems. 65:73–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00028-7.
  • Hewitt K, Popay A, Hofmann R, Caradus J. 2021. Epichloë − a lifeline for temperate grasses under combined drought and insect pressure. Grass Research. 1(7):1–12. doi:10.48130/GR-2021-0007.
  • Hume DE, Cooper BM, Panckhurst KA. 2009. The role of endophyte in determining the persistence and productivity of ryegrass, tall fescue and meadow fescue in Northland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 71:145–150. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2009.71.2754.
  • Keogh RG, Blackwell MB. 2001. A three-year investigation of the performance of spring-calving dairy cows grazing ryegrass-based pastures of high or low endophyte toxin status in Northland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 63:209–214. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2001.63.2405.
  • Lambert JP. 1967. Pasture species for Northland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 29:78–87. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1967.29.1242.
  • Lambert JP, Boyd A, Harris W. 1973. Comparison of seasonal growth pattern, frost tolerance, and cutting response of Setaria sphacelata sensu lato varieties with cocksfoot and ryegrass. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 1:15–22. doi:10.1080/03015521.1973.10427607.
  • Lambert JP, Boyd AF, Brock JL. 1974. An evaluation of five varieties of Lotus pedunculatus Cav. compared with ‘Grasslands Huia’white clover under grazing at Kaikohe. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2:359–363. doi:10.1080/03015521.1974.10427695.
  • Lambert JP, Rumball PJ, Boyd AF. 1979. Comparison of ryegrass – white clover pastures with and without paspalum and kikuyu grass 1. Pasture production. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 7:295–302. doi:10.1080/03015521.1979.10426206.
  • Lambert JP, Vartha EW, Harris AJ. 1969. Progress report on “Grasslands 4700” white clover. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 31:135–142. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1969.31.1271.
  • LAWA. 2021. Land air water Aotearoa [Internet]. [accessed 2021 Jan 20]. https://www.lawa.org.nz/.
  • Ledgard SF, Steele KW, Saunders WHM. 1982. Effects of nitrogen fertiliser and urine on pasture performance and the influence of soil phosphorus and potassium status. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 25:541–547. doi:10.1080/00288233.1982.10425219.
  • Lonati M, Moot DJ, Aceto P, Cavallero A, Lucas RJ. 2009. Thermal time requirements for germination, emergence and seedling development of adventive legume and grass species. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 52:17–29. doi:10.1080/00288230909510485.
  • Matthew C, Assuero SG, Black C K, Sackville-Hamilton NR. 2000. Tiller dynamics of grazed swards. In: Lemaire G, Hodgson J, De Moraes C, De F. Carvalho PC, Nabinger C, editors. Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; p. 127–150. https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20003019237.
  • Matthew C, Hamilton Sackville NR. 2021. Analysing persistence of grass swards in terms of tiller birth and death. NZGA: Research and Practice Series. 15:63–68. doi:10.33584/rps.15.2011.
  • Maxwell TMR, Edwards GR, Cosgrove GP. 2018. Persistence of ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot following sequential annual sowings: pasture yield, composition and density in 3 establishment years under sheep grazing in Canterbury. Journal of New Zealand Grasslands. 2872(Clark):169–176. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2018.80.289.
  • McCahon KS, McCahon AD, Ussher GR. 2021. Diversified pastures at the front line of climate change in Northland: farmers experiences, new directions and wider implications for other parts of the country. Resilient Pastures – Grasslands Research and Practice Series. 17:145–157.
  • Mills A, Moot DJ. 2010. Annual dry matter, metabolisable energy and nitrogen yields of six dryland pastures six and seven years after establishment. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 72:177–184. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2010.72.2805.
  • Mills A, Smith MC, Lucas RJ, Moot DJ. 2008. Dryland pasture yields and botanical composition over 5 years under sheep grazing in Canterbury. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 70:37–44. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2008.70.2722.
  • Mills A, Thomson B, Muir P, Smith N, Moot D. 2021. Resident hill country pasture production in response to temperature and soil moisture over 20 years in Central Hawke’s Bay. New Zeal Grasslands Association Research and Practice Series. 17.
  • Milne GD. 2011. Can pasture persistence be improved through the use of non ryegrass species? Grasslands Research and Practice Series. 15:157–160.
  • Min A, Inglis L. 2021. NRC Region-wide River Flood Model. Reg river catchments Anal Tech reports Northl Reg Counc. 1–138.
  • Ministry for the Environment. 2018. Climate change projections for New Zealand: atmosphere projections based on simulations from the IPCC fifth assessment 2018. Wellington: Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2010. Pasture renovation and kikuyu management - a Northland beef farm. Adapting to a changing climate. Case Study. 4:2.
  • Missaoui AM, Malinowski DP, Pinchak WE, Kigel J. 2017. Insights into the drought and heat avoidance mechanism in summer-dormant Mediterranean tall fescue. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01971.
  • Moot DJ. 2023. A review of legume research and extension in New Zealand (1990–2022). Crop & Pasture Science. 74(7-8):647–660. doi:10.1071/CP22237.
  • Moot DJ, Brown HE, Pollock KM, Mills A. 2008. Yield and water use of temperate pastures in summer dry environments. Proceedings-New Zeal Grassland Association. 70:51–57.
  • Moot DJ, Griffiths WM, Chapman DF, Dodd MB, Teixeira CSP. 2021. AgYields - a national database for collation of past, present and future pasture and crop yield data. New Zealand Grassland Association. 83:15–22.
  • Munday JS, Finch SC, Vlaming JB, Sutherland BL, Fletcher LR. 2017. Pathological changes seen in horses in New Zealand grazing Mediterranean tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) infected with selected endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala) causing equine fescue oedema. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 65(3):147–151. doi:10.1080/00480169.2016.1248516.
  • Northland’s Diversified Forages Group. 2020. Northland’s diversified forages. Newsl #. 15:6.
  • Percival NS. 1977. Survey of paspalum in New Zealand pastures. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 5:219–226. doi:10.1080/03015521.1977.10425970.
  • Percival NS. 1980. Cool-season growth responses of kikuyu grass and ryegrass to gibberellic acid. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 23:97–102. doi:10.1080/00288233.1980.10417851.
  • Piggot GH, Baars JA, Cumberland GLB, Honore EN. 1978. Seasonal distribution of pasture production in New Zealand XIII. South Kaipara, Northland. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 6:43–46. doi:10.1080/03015521.1978.10426012.
  • Piggot GH, Morgan HM. 1987. Grazing rotation length on kikuyu grass pastures in autumn and winter. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 15:111–113. doi:10.1080/03015521.1987.10425545.
  • Piggot GJ. 1984. The establishment and yield of paspalum in Northland. Proceedings Agronomy Society of New Zeal. 111–115.
  • Piggot GJ. 1988. Herbage accumulation patterns of pastures at various sites in Northland. Proceedings Agronomy Society of New Zeal. 81–84.
  • Popay AJ, Thom ER. 2009. Endophyte effects on major insect pests in Waikato dairy pasture. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 71:121–126. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2009.71.2758.
  • Radcliffe JE. 1974. Seasonal distribution of pasture production in New Zealand I. Methods of measurement. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2:337–340.
  • Radcliffe JE, Cossens GG. 1974. Seasonal distribution of pasture production in New Zealand: III. Central Otago. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2(4):349–358.
  • Reid KJ, Rosier SM, Harrington LJ, King AD, Lane TP. 2021. Extreme rainfall in New Zealand and its association with atmospheric rivers. Environmental Research Letters. 16(4):044012. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abeae0.
  • Ritchie WR. 1986. Pasture renovation by overdrilling. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 47:159–163. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1986.47.1749.
  • Rumball PJ. 1983. Pasture and hogget response to urea in spring on a set-stocked pasture in Northland. Proceedings Agronomy Society of New Zeal. 13:53–54. https://www.agronomysociety.org.nz/1983-journal-papers.html.
  • Rumball PJ. 1989. Performances of three lines of limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) in mixed pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 32:151–155. doi:10.1080/00288233.1989.10423449.
  • Rumball PJ. 1991. Leaching losses of major nutrients from a mole-drained soil under pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 34:325–334. doi:10.1080/00288233.1991.10417672.
  • Sierra JC, Cerón-Souza I, Avellaneda YA, Muñoz EAM, Martínez JDJV. 2023. Phenotypic variation of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) across livestock production farms in Colombian highlands is explained by management and environment rather than genetic diversity. Crop & Pasture Science.
  • Smith DR, Slay MWA, Gray MH, Milne GD. 1993. On-farm establishment of drought-tolerant pastures on the east coast of the North Island. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 55:33–38. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1993.55.2081.
  • Statistics New Zealand. 2023. 2022 Agricultural data for Northland Regional Council. Northl Reg Counc.
  • Steele KW. 1976. Fate of a spring application of nitrogen to two Northland soils. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 4:415–421. doi:10.1080/03015521.1976.10425910.
  • Steele KW, Dawson TE. 1980. Nitrogen as an aid to pasture establishment and renovation in Northland. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 8:123–129. doi:10.1080/03015521.1980.10426246.
  • Stewart A, Kerr G, Rowarth J, Stevens D. 2022. Pasture and forage plants for New Zealand. 5th ed. Palmerston North, New Zealand: New Zealand Grasslands Association.
  • Taylor AO, Hunt BJ. 1983. Fertiliser nitrogen use on Northland pastures - pasture responses in autumn. Proceedings Agronomy Society of New Zeal. 13:45–47. https://www.agronomysociety.org.nz/1983-journal-papers.html.
  • Teixeira CSP, Olykan ST, Moot DJ. 2023. A review of pasture yields and growth rates in Northland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1–20.
  • Thom EA, Popay AJ, Waugh CD, Minnee EMK. 2014. Impact of novel endophytes in perennial ryegrass on herbage production and insect pests from pastures under dairy cow grazing in northern New Zealand. Grass and Forage Science. 69:191–204. doi:10.1111/gfs.12040.
  • Tozer K, Chapman D, Bell N, Crush J, King W, Rennie G, Wilson D, Mapp N, Rossi L, Aalders L, Cameron C. 2014. Botanical survey of perennial ryegrass-based dairy pastures in three regions of New Zealand: implications for ryegrass persistence. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 57:14–29. doi:10.1080/00288233.2013.863785.
  • Usher G. 2021. Technical summary “2018 mixes”: comparison of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue or cocksfoot sown in April 2018 with a range of companion clovers [Internet]. [place unknown]. https://www.agyields.co.nz/dataset/182.
  • Ussher G. 1986. Case study information reflecting farmer use of Pawera red clover in northern Northland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 47:179–182. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1986.47.1752.
  • Ussher G. 2021. Technical summary “2018 mixes”: comparison of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue or cocksfoot sown in April 2018 with a range of companion clovers. (Unpublished). 1–10.
  • Ussher GR, Hume DE. 2015. Sustainable perennial pastures in Northland. Journal of New Zealand Grasslands. 77:141–146. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.489.
  • White TA, Campbell BD, Kemp PD, Hunt CL. 2000. Sensitivity of three grassland communities to simulated extreme temperature and rainfall events. Global Change Biology. 6(6):671–684. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00344.x.
  • Wilson J, Deinum B, Engels F. 1991. Temperature effects on anatomy and digestibility of leaf and stem of tropical and temperate forage species. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 39:31–48. doi:10.18174/njas.v39i1.16551.
  • Woods PW, Couchman JN, Barlow HA. 1996. Variation and adaptation in limpograss (Hemarthria altissima). Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 57:49–53. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1995.57.2178.
  • Woodward SJR, Van Oijen M, Griffiths WM, Beukes PC, Chapman DF. 2020. Identifying causes of low persistence of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) dairy pasture using the Basic Grassland model (BASGRA). Grass and Forage Science. 75(1):45–63. doi:10.1111/gfs.v75.1.
  • Wynn K, Hodgson R, Andrewes W. 2011. Comparison of sowing rate and seed treatment of Italian ryegrass on kikuyu pasture dry matter yields. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 73:103–108. doi:10.33584/jnzg.2011.73.2833