1,433
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Ecology

Vegetation-environment relationships at Waipoua Forest, Northland, New Zealand

&
Pages 79-92 | Received 12 Dec 1994, Accepted 21 Jun 1995, Published online: 07 Dec 2011

References

  • Ahmed , M. and Ogden , J. 1987 . Population dynamics of the emergent conifer Agathis australis (D. Don.) Lindl. (kauri) in New Zealand. 1. Population structures and tree growth rates in mature stands . New Zealand journal of botany , 25 : 217 – 229 .
  • Allan , H. H. 1961 . Flora of New Zealand. , Vol. 1 , Wellington : Government Printer .
  • Allen , R. B. 1992 . “ RECCE. An inventory method for describing New Zealand vegetation ” . In FRI bulletin 181 , Christchurch : Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Forestry .
  • Atkinson , I. A. E. 1985 . Derivation of vegetation mapping units for an ecological survey of Tongariro National Park, North Island, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 23 : 361 – 378 .
  • Austin , M. P. and Heyligers , P. C. 1989 . Vegetation survey design for conservation: gradsect sampling of forests in north-eastern New South Wales . Biological conservation , 50 : 13 – 32 .
  • Austin , M. P. and Smith , T. M. 1989 . A new model for the continuum concept . Vegetatio , 83 : 35 – 47 .
  • Bailey , A. W. and Poulton , C. E. 1968 . Plant communities and environmental relationships in a portion of Tilamook burn, Northwestern Oregon . Ecology , 49 : 1 – 13 .
  • Ballance , P. F. and Williams , P. W. 1992 . “ The geomorphology of Auckland and Northland ” . In Landforms of New Zealand , 2nd ed , Edited by: Soons , J. M. and Selby , M. J. 210 – 232 . Auckland : Longman Paul . In
  • Beveridge , A. E. 1975 . Kauri forests in the New Hebrides . Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London series , B 272 : 369 – 383 .
  • Birkeland , P. W. 1984 . Soils and geomorphology , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Bond , W. J. 1989 . The tortoise and the hare; ecology of angiosperm dominance and gymnosperm persistence . Biological journal of the Linnaean Society , 36 : 227 – 249 .
  • ter Braak , C. J. F. 1988 . CANOCO. Version 2.2 , Wageningen, , The Netherlands : Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries .
  • Brownsey , P. J. and Smith-Dodsworth , J. C. 1989 . New Zealand ferns and allied plants , Auckland : Bateman .
  • Burns , B. R. and Leathwick , J. R. 1992 . “ FRI bulletin 143 ” . In Vegetation map of the Waipoua Forest Sanctuary and environs. 1:25 000 , Rotorua : Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Forestry .
  • Burrows , C. J. , McQueen , D. R. , Esler , A. E. and Wardle , P. 1979 . “ New Zealand heathlands ” . In Heathlands and related shrublands , Edited by: Specht , R. L. 339 – 364 . Amsterdam : Ecosystems of the World 9A . In
  • Campbell , I. B. 1973 . Pattern of variation in steepland soils: variation on a single slope . New Zealand journal of science , 16 : 413 – 434 .
  • Cockayne , L. 1908 . Report on a botanical survey of the Waipoua kauri forest. Appendix to the journals of the House of Representatives (New Zealand) C— 14 , Wellington : New Zealand Government Printer .
  • Conacher , A. J. and Dalrymple , J. B. 1977 . The nine unit landsurface model. An approach to pedogeo-morphic research . Geoderma , 18 : 1 – 154 .
  • Connor , H. E. and Edgar , E. 1987 . Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960–1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1983–1986 . New Zealand journal of botany , 25 : 115 – 170 .
  • DeVelice , R. L. and Burke , W. 1989 . Gradient analysis of forest vegetation in the Maungataniwha Range, western Northland, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 27 : 27 – 34 .
  • DeVelice , R. L. , DeVelice , J. W. and Park , G. N. 1988 . Gradient analysis in nature reserve design: A New Zealand example . Conservation biology , 2 : 206 – 217 .
  • Duncan , R. P. , Norton , D. A. and Woolmore , C. B. 1990 . The lowland vegetation pattern, south Westland, New Zealand. 2. Ohinemaka Forest . New Zealand journal of botany , 28 : 131 – 140 .
  • Eadie , F. M. , Burns , B. R. and Leathwick , J. R. 1987 . Ecological survey of Waipoua Forest Sanctuary and Kauri Management Areas (including notes on browsing mammals and bird distribution) , Department of Conservation . Unpublished report, Northern Region
  • Ecroyd , C. E. 1982 . Biological flora of New Zealand. 8 . Agathis australis} (D. Don) Lindl. (Araucariaceae) kauri. New Zealand journal of botan , 20 : 17 – 36 .
  • Enright , N. J. 1989 . Heathland vegetation of the Spirits Bay area, far northern New Zealand . New Zealand journal of ecology , 12 : 63 – 75 .
  • Enright , N. J. , Bartlett , R. M. and de Freitas , C. R. 1993 . Patterns of species composition, recruitment, and growth within canopy gaps in two New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) forests . New Zealand journal of botany , 31 : 361 – 373 .
  • Esler , A. E. and Rumball , P. J. 1975 . Gumland vegetation at Kaikohe, Northland, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 13 : 425 – 436 .
  • Forester , L. 1985 . Report on proposed Waipoua reserve , Kaikohe District, New Zealand Forest Service . Unpublished report
  • Gibbs , H. S. 1964 . Soils. In: Town and Country Planning Branch, Ministry of Works. National Resources Survey. Part III. Northland Region , 25 – 37 . Wellington : Government Printer .
  • Gleason , H. A. 1926 . The individualistic concept of the plant association . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 53 : 7 – 26 .
  • Groves , R. H. 1979 . “ Heathland soils and their fertility status ” . In Heathlands and related shrublands. Ecosystems of the World 9B , Edited by: Specht , R. L. 143 – 150 . Amsterdam : Elsevier . In
  • Halkett , J. and Sale , E. V. 1986 . The world of the kauri , Auckland : Reed Methuen .
  • Hill , M. O. 1979 . TWINSPAN—A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes , Ithaca, New York : Cornell University .
  • Hill , M. O. , Bunce , R. G. H. and Shaw , M. W. 1975 . Indicator species analysis, a divisive polythetic method of classification and its application to a survey of native pinewoods in Scotland . Journal of ecology , 63 : 597 – 613 .
  • Hutchins , D. E. 1918 . Waipoua kauri forest, its demarcation and management. Department of Lands and Survey , Wellington : Government Printer .
  • Leathwick , J. R. 1987 . “ FRI Bulletin 13 ” . In Waipapa Ecological Area: a study of vegetation pattern in a scientific reserve , Rotorua : Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Forestry .
  • Leathwick , J. R. , Wallace , S. W. and Williams , D. S. 1988 . The vegetation of the Pureora Mountain Ecological Area . New Zealand journal of botany , 26 : 259 – 280 .
  • Lodwick , G. D. and Whittle , J. 1970 . A technique for automatic contouring field survey data . Australian computer journal , 2 : 104 – 109 .
  • Maarel , E. van der . 1979 . Transformation of cover abundance values in phytosociology and its effect on community similarity . Vegetatio , 39 : 97 – 114 .
  • McEwen , W. M. , ed. 1987 . Ecological regions and districts of New Zealand , 3rd ed , Wellington : Department of Conservation . Four 1:500 000 maps
  • McGlone , M. S. 1985 . Plant biogeography and the late Cenozoic history of New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 23 : 723 – 749 .
  • McGregor , W. R. 1948 . The Waipoua Forest. The last virgin kauri forest of New Zealand , Auckland : Abel Dykes Ltd. .
  • McKelvey , P. J. and Nicholls , J. L. 1959 . The indigenous forest types of North Auckland . New Zealand journal of forestry , 8 : 29 – 45 .
  • Meurk , C. D. 1984 . Bioclimatic zones for the Antipodes—and beyond? . New Zealand journal of ecology , 7 : 175 – 182 .
  • Mew , G. 1983 . Application of the term “pakihi” in New Zealand—a review . Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand , 13 : 175 – 198 .
  • New Zealand Meteorological Service . 1983 . “ Summaries of climatological observations to 1980 ” . In New Zealand Meteorological Service miscellaneous publications 177 , Wellington : Government Printer .
  • Norton , D. A. 1985 . A multivariate technique for estimating New Zealand temperature normals . Weather and climate , 5 : 64 – 74 .
  • Norton , D. A. 1989 . Floristics and structure of mire-forest ecotones, west coast, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand , 19 : 31 – 42 .
  • Norton , D. A. and Leathwick , J. R. 1990 . The lowland vegetation pattern, south Westland, New Zealand. 1. Saltwater Ecological Area . New Zealand journal of botany , 28 : 41 – 51 .
  • Ogden , J. 1985 . An introduction to plant demography with a special reference to New Zealand trees . New Zealand journal of botany , 23 : 751 – 772 .
  • Reif , A. and Allen , R. B. 1988 . Plant communities of the steepland conifer-broadleaved hardwood forests of central Westland, South Island, New Zealand . Phytocoenologia , 16 : 145 – 224 .
  • Revfeim , K. J. A. 1982 . Estimating global radiation on sloping surfaces . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 25 : 281 – 283 .
  • Romme , W. H. and Knight , D. H. 1982 . Landscape diversity: the concept applied to Yellowstone Park . Bioscience , 32 : 664 – 670 .
  • Stewart , G. H. and Harrison , J. B. J. 1987 . Plant communities, landforms, and soils of a geomorphically active drainage basin, Southern Alps, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 25 : 385 – 399 .
  • Stewart , G. H. , Basher , L. R. , Burrows , L. E. , Runkle , J. R. , Hall , G. M. J. and Jackson , R. J. 1993 . Beech-hardwood forest composition, landforms, and soil relationships, north Westland, New Zealand . Vegetatio , 106 : 111 – 125 .
  • Sutherland , C. F. , Cox , J. E. , Taylor , N. H. and Wright , A. C. S. 1980 . “ Soil map of Waipoua—Aranga area (sheets O 06/07), North Island, New Zealand. Scale 1:100 000 ” . In New Zealand Soil Bureau map 185 , Wellington : Department of Lands and Survey .
  • Taylor , N. H. and Pohlen , I. J. 1979 . Soil survey method. New Zealand Soil Bureau bulletin 25. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research , Wellington : Government Printer .
  • Veblen , T. T. , Kitzberger , T. and Lara , A. 1992 . Disturbance and forest dynamics along a transect from Andean rain forest to Patagonian shrubland . Journal of vegetation science , 3 : 507 – 520 .
  • Wardle , P. 1964 . Facets of the distribution of forest vegetation in New Zealand . New Zealand journal of botany , 2 : 352 – 366 .
  • Wardle , P. 1991 . Vegetation of New Zealand , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Whittaker , R. H. 1967 . Gradient analysis of vegetation . Biological review , 49 : 207 – 264 .
  • Williams , P. A. , Courtney , S. , Glenny , D. , Hall , G. and Mew , G. 1990 . Pakihi and surrounding vegetation in North Westland, South Island . Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand , 20 : 179 – 203 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.