Distribution and abundance of coarse woody debris in some southern New Zealand streams from contrasting forest catchments

References

• Andrus , C. W. , Long , B. A. and Froehlich , H. A. 1988 . Woody debris and its contribution to pool formation in a coastal stream 50 years after logging . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 45 : 2080 – 2086 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benke , A. C. and Wallace , J. B. 1990 . Wood dynamics in coastal plain blackwater streams . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 47 : 92 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , W. V. 1968 . Dunedin district 1: 50 000 New Zealand Geological Survey , Miscellaneous series. Map 1
   Google Scholar
• Beschta , R. L. and Platts , W. S. 1986 . Morphological features of small streams: significance and function . Water resources bulletin , 22 : 369 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Bilby , R.E. 1981 . Role of organic debris dams in regulating the export of dissolved and paniculate matter from a forested watershed . Ecology , 62 : 1234 – 1243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilby , R. E. and Likens , G. E. 1980 . Importance of organic debris dams in the structure and function of stream ecosystems . Ecology , 61 : 1107 – 1113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilby , R. E. and Ward , J. W. 1991 . Characteristics and function of large woody debris in streams draining old growth, clearcut and second growth forests in Southwestern Washington . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 48 : 2499 – 2508 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisson , P. A. , Nielson , J. L. , Palmason , R. A. and Grove , L. E. 1982 . “ A system of naming habitat types in small streams with examples of habitat utilization by salmonids during low stream flow ” . In Acquisition and utilization of aquatic habitat inventory information , Edited by: Armantrout , N. B. Portland, Oregon : Western Division, American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , M. D. 1983 . The role and management of woody debris in West Coast salmonid nursery streams . North American journal of fisheries management , 3 : 322 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , I. B. 1977 . Soils of the Waikouaiti county, Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Soil Bureau , Wellington : Department of Scientific and Industrial Research .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , J. Y. , Andrus , C. W. and Froehlich , H. A. 1990 . Woody debris, channel features, and macro invertebrates of streams with logged and undisturbed riparian timber in Northeastern Oregon, U.S.A. . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 47 : 1103 – 1111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , O. 1984 . The states of decay of woody litter determined by relative density . Oikos , 42 : 211 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch , K. D. and Northcote , T. G. 1992 . Large woody debris and salmonid habitat in a small coastal British Columbia stream . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 49 : 682 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graynoth , E. 1979 . Effects of logging on stream environments and faunas in Nelson . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 13 : 79 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory , S. V. , Swanson , F. J. , McKee , W. A. and Cummins , K. W. 1991 . An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones . Bioscience , 41 : 540 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanchet , S. M. 1990 . Effect of land use on the distribution and abundance of native fish in tributaries of the Waikato river in the Hakarimata Range, North Island, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 24 : 159 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon , M. E. , Franklin , J. F. , Swanson , F. J. , Sollins , P. , Gregory , S. V. , Lattin , J. D. , Anderson , N. H. , Cline , S. P. , Aumen , N. G. , Sedell , J. R. , Lienkaemper , G. W. , Cromac , K. Jr. and Cummins , K. W. 1986 . Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems . Advances in ecological research , 15 : 133 – 302 . London, New York, Academic Press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedin , L. O. , Mayer , M. S. and Likens , G. E. 1988 . The effects of deforestation on organic debris dams . Verhandlungen, Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie , 23 : 1135 – 1141 .
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , B. J. , Beschta , R. L. and Harr , R. D. 1991 . Long‐term changes in streamflow following logging in western Oregon and associated fisheries implications . Water resources bulletin , 27 : 217 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodkinson , I. D. 1975 . Dry weight loss and chemical changes in vascular plant litter of terrestrial origin, occurring in a beaver pond system . Journal of ecology , 63 : 131 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtby , L. B. 1988 . Effects of logging on stream temperatures in Carnation Creek, British Columbia, and associated impacts on the coho salmon . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 45 : 502 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynes , H. B. N. 1975 . The stream and its valley . Verhandlungen, Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie , 19 : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , J. B. and Smock , L. A. 1991 . Transport and retention of paniculate organic matter in two low gradient headwater streams . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 10 : 115 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowett , I. J. and Duncan , M. J. 1990 . Flow variability in New Zealand rivers and its relationship to in‐stream habitat and biota . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 24 : 305 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , E. A. and Swanson , F. J. 1979 . Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes . Earth surface processes , 4 : 361 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leamy , M. L. 1974 . Soils of Stewart Island (Rakiura), New Zealand , New Zealand Soil Survey report 22
   Google Scholar
• McDade , M. H. , Swanson , F. J. , McKee , W. A. and Franklin , J. F. 1990 . Hillslope distances traveled by coarse woody debris entering small streams in western Oregon and Washington . Canadian journal of forestry research , 20 : 326 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. R. and Graynoth , E. 1978 . The influence of forestry practices on the ecology of freshwater fish in New Zealand: an introduction to the literature , Fisheries Research Division occasional publication 14
   Google Scholar
• Mosley , M. P. 1981 . The influence of organic debris on channel morphology and bedload transport in a New Zealand forest stream . Earth surface processes and landforms , 6 : 571 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , M. L. and Hall , J. D. 1981 . Varied effects of clear cut logging on predators and their habitat in small streams of the cascade mountains, Oregon . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 38 : 137 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , M. L. and Koski , K. V. 1989 . Input and depletion of woody debris in Alaska streams and implications for streamside management . North American journal of fisheries management , 9 : 427 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Newbold , J. D. , Erman , D. C. and Roby , K. B. 1980 . Effects of logging on macro‐invertebrates in streams with and without buffer strips . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 37 : 1076 – 1085 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , N. A. 1991 . The effects of habitat complexity on the macroinvertebrates colonising wood substrates in a lowland stream . Oecologia , 85 : 504 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettinger , R. 1987 . Silverpeaks Scenic Reserve— Management Plan 1987 , Dunedin, , New Zealand : Department of Lands and Survey .
   Google Scholar
• Silsby , D. G. and Larson , G. L. 1983 . A comparison of streams in logged and unlogged areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park . Hydrobiologia , 102 : 99 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , F. J. , Lienkaemper , G. W. and Sedell , J. R. 1976 . History, physical effects and management implications of large organic debris in western Oregon streams , Forest Service general technical report PNW‐56 Portland : United States Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , F. J. and Lienkaemper , G. W. 1978 . Physical consequences of large organic debris in Pacific North West streams , USDA Forest Service general technical report PNW‐69
   Google Scholar
• Triska , F. J. and Cromack , K. The role of wood debris in forests and streams. Forests: fresh perspectives from ecosystem analysis . Proceedings 40th biological colloquium 1979 . Corvallis. Edited by: Waring , R. H. Oregon State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trotter , E. H. 1990 . Woody debris, forest‐stream succession, and catchment geomorphology . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 9 : 141 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace , J. B. and Benke , A. C. 1984 . Quantification of wood habitat in subtropical coastal plain streams . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 41 : 1643 – 1653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters , W. A. , Speden , I. J. and Wood , B. L. 1968 . Geographical Map of New Zealand 1: 250 000. Sheet 26—Stewart Island , New Zealand Geographical survey, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research .
   Google Scholar
• Watt , J. P. C. and Leslie , D. M. 1968 . The Silverstream Catchment. An analysis of a municipal water supply catchment describing and interpreting the physical, social, and legal aspects of land management, with recommendations for the future , Otago Catchment Board .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , J. R. , Golladay , S. W. , Benfield , E. F. , Meyer , J. L. , Swank , W. T. and Wallace , J. B. 1992 . “ Catchment disturbance and stream response: an overview of stream research at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory ” . In River conservation and management , Edited by: Boon , P. J. , Calow , P. and Petts , G. E. New York : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , H. D. 1987 . Vegetation of Stewart Island , A supplement to the New Zealand Journal of Botany Wellington : DSIR Science Information Publishing Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Winterbourn , M. J. , Rounick , J. S. and Cowie , B. 1981 . Are New Zealand stream ecosystems really different? . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 15 : 321 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar