2,030
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Water quality in a polluted lowland stream with chronically depressed dissolved oxygen: Causes and effects

, , &
Pages 277-288 | Received 18 Jul 1994, Accepted 27 Feb 1995, Published online: 29 Mar 2010

References

  • APHA . 1989 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater , 17th edition , American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation .
  • ARWB . 1987 . Whangamaire catchment water management and allocation plan 1987 , Technical publication 37 Auckland Regional Water Board .
  • Benson , B. B. and Krause , D. K. Jr . 1984 . The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere . Limnology and oceanography , 29 : 620 – 632 .
  • Brooker , M. P. D. , Morris , D. L. and Wilson , C. J. Plant‐flow relationships in the River Wye catchment . Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds . Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 63 – 70 .
  • Chapra , S. C. and Di Toro , D. M. 1991 . Delta method for estimating primary production, respiration, and reaeration in streams . Journal of environmental engineering , 117 : 640 – 655 .
  • Close , M. E. and Davies‐Colley , R. J. 1990 . Baseflow water chemistry in New Zealand rivers. 1. Characterisation . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 24 : 319 – 341 .
  • Daniil , E. I. and Gulliver , J. S. 1988 . Temperature dependence of liquid film coefficient for gas transfer . Journal of environmental engineering , 114 : 1224 – 1229 .
  • Downes , M. T. 1978 . An improved hydrazine reduction method for the automated determination of low nitrate levels in freshwater . Water research , 12 : 673 – 675 .
  • Edwards , R. W. and Owens , M. 1965 . “ The oxygen balance of streams ” . In Ecology and the industrial society , Edited by: Goodman , G.T. , Edwards , R. W. and Lambert , J. M. 149 – 172 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
  • Elmore , H. L. and West , W. F. 1961 . Effect of water temperature on stream reaeration . Journal of the sanitary engineering division, ASCE , 87 : 59 – 71 .
  • Hickey , C. W. , Quinn , J. M. and Davies‐Colley , R. J. 1989 . Effluent characteristics of dairy shed oxidation ponds and their potential impacts on rivers . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 23 : 569 – 584 .
  • Hickey , C. W. and Vickers , M. L. 1994 . Toxicity of ammonia to nine native New Zealand freshwater invertebrate species . Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology , 26 : 292 – 298 .
  • Howard‐Williams , C. , Pickmere , S. and Davies , J. 1986 . Nutrient retention and processing in New Zealand streams: the influence of riparian vegetation . New Zealand agricultural science , 20 : 110 – 114 .
  • Hubbard , E. F. , Kilpatrick , F. A. , Martens , L. A. and Wilson , J. F. 1982 . Measurement of time of travel and dispersion in streams by dye tracing , Techniques of water‐resource investigations of the United States Geological Survey, Book 3, Chapter A9 44
  • Kilpatrick , F. A. , Rathbun , R. E. , Yotsukura , N. , Parker , G. W. and DeLong , L. L. 1989 . Determination of stream reaeration coefficients by use of tracers . Techniques of water‐resource investigations of the United States Geological Survey , A18 : 52
  • Mason , R. 1970 . “ Aquatic weeds ” . In Identification of weeds and clovers , Edited by: Healy , A. J. 191 Petone : Sigma Print Ltd. .
  • McColl , R. H. S. and Ward , J. C. 1987 . “ The use of water resources ” . In Inland waters of New Zealand , DSIR Bulletin 241 Edited by: Viner , A. B. 441 – 459 . Wellington
  • McDowall , R. M. 1990 . New Zealand freshwater fishes , Auckland : Heinemann Reed .
  • McDowall , R. M. and Richardson , J. 1983 . The New Zealand freshwater fish survey: guide to input and output . Fisheries Research Division Information leaflet , 12 : 15
  • Meybeck , M. 1987 . The water quality of the world rivers through the GEMS program . SCOPE/ UNEP Sonderband Heft , 64 : 1 – 17 . Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch‐Palaontologischen Institut, Universität Hamburg
  • Mitchell and Gauthier Associates . 1987 . Advanced continuous simulation language (ACSL) reference manual. Ed. 4.2 Concord, MA
  • NCASI . 1985 . A compilation of surface water quality modeling formulations, rate constants and kinetic coefficients , Technical bulletin 473 230 National Council of the Paper industry for Air and Stream Improvement .
  • O'Connor , D. J. and Dobbins , W. E. 1958 . Mechanism of reaeration in natural streams . Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers , 123 : 641 – 684 .
  • Odum , H. T. 1956 . Primary production in flowing waters . Limnology and oceanography , 1 : 102 – 117 .
  • Owens , M. and Maris , P. J. 1964 . Some factors affecting the respiration of some aquatic plants . Hydrobiologia , 23 : 533 – 543 .
  • Quinn , J. M. and Hickey , C. W. 1990 . Magnitude of effects of substrate particle size, recent flooding, and catchment development on benthic invertebrates in 88 New Zealand rivers . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 24 : 411 – 427 .
  • Richardson , J. 1991 . Acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile inanga (Galaxias maculatus) . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 25 : 327 – 330 .
  • Smith , C. M. , Wilcock , R. J. , Vant , W. N. , Smith , D. G. and Cooper , A. B. 1993 . Towards sustainable agriculture: freshwater quality in New Zealand and the influence of agriculture , MAF Policy Technical Paper 93/10 208 Wellington : Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries .
  • Smith , D. G. and Maasdam , R. 1994 . New Zealand's national river water quality network. 1. Design and physico‐chemical characterisation . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 28 : 19 – 35 .
  • Smith , D. G. , Macaskill , J. B. , Stevenson , C. D. and Edgerley , W. H. L. 1982 . Physical and chemical methods for water quality analysis , Water and Soil miscellaneous publication 38 119
  • Spencer‐Jones , D. and Wade , M. 1986 . Aquatic plants , 169 Romsey, Hants : Borcombe Printers .
  • Steele , K. W. , Judd , M. J. and Shannon , P. W. 1984 . Leaching of nitrate and other nutrients from a grazed pasture . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 27 : 5 – 11 .
  • Stumm , W. and Morgan , J. J. 1981 . Aquatic chemistry: an introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters, , 2nd edition , 780 New York : Wiley‐Interscience .
  • Thyssen , N. and Erlandsen , M. 1987 . Reaeration of oxygen in shallow, macrophyte rich streams: II. Relationship between the reaeration rate coefficient and hydraulic properties . Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie , 72 : 575 – 597 .
  • Tsivoglou , E. C. and Neal , L. A. 1976 . Tracer measurement of stream reaeration. 3. Predicting the reaeration capacity of inland streams . Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation , 48 : 2669 – 2689 .
  • USEPA . 1986 . Quality criteria for water , Washington, DC : United States Environmental Protection Agency .
  • Vanderholm , D. H. 1985 . Agricultural waste manual , NZAEI project report 32 Canterbury : Lincoln College .
  • Wanninkhof , R. , Mulholland , P. J. and Elwood , J. W. 1990 . Gas exchange rates for a first‐order stream determined with deliberate and natural tracers . Water resources research , 26 : 1621 – 1630 .
  • Wilcock , R. J. 1982 . Simple predictive equations for calculating stream reaeration rate coefficients . New Zealand journal of science , 25 : 53 – 56 .
  • Wilcock , R. J. 1984a . Methyl chloride as a gas tracer for measuring stream reaeration coefficients. 1. Laboratory studies . Water research , 18 : 47 – 52 .
  • Wilcock , R. J. , Brutsaert , W. and Jirja , G. H. 1984b . “ Reaeration studies on some New Zealand rivers using methyl chloride as a gas tracer ” . In Gas transfer at water surfaces , 413 – 420 . Dordrecht, , Holland : D. Reidel Publishing Co. .
  • Wilcock , R. J. 1988 . Study of river reaeration at different flow rates . Journal of environmental engineering , 114 : 91 – 105 .
  • Wilhelm , E. , Battino , R. and Wilcock , R. J. 1977 . Low‐pressure solubility of gases in liquid water . Chemical reviews , 77 : 219 – 261 .
  • Williamson , R. B. , Smith , R. K. and Quinn , J. M. 1992 . Effects of riparian grazing and channelisation on streams in Southland, New Zealand. 1. Channel form and stability . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 26 : 241 – 258 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.