544
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Impact of pulp and paper mill effluent on water quality and fauna in a New Zealand hydro‐electric lake

&
Pages 31-53 | Received 19 Jun 1997, Accepted 22 Oct 1997, Published online: 30 Mar 2010

References

  • APHA . 1989 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater , 17th ed. , Washington D. C : American Public Health Association .
  • Bryers , G.G. The waters of the Waikato . Proceedings of a seminar held at University of Waikato . August 1981 , Hamilton. Colour and clarity considerations in the Waikato River , Edited by: Cramp , C. and Ridall , G. pp. 85 – 104 . University of Waikato and Waikato Valley Authority .
  • Coutant , C. C. 1987 . Thermal preference: when does an asset become a liability? . Environmental biology of fishes , 18 : 161 – 172 .
  • Cryer , M. 1991 . Lake Taupo trout production. A four year study of the rainbow trout fishery of Lake Taupo , Science and research series 26 191 New Zealand : New Zealand Department of Conservation .
  • Davies‐Colley , R. J. and Nagels , J. W. 1993 . Improvements in optical quality of the Waikato River following modernisation at the NZFP pulp and paper mill at Kinleith , NIWA consultancy report, PL210/1
  • Davis , J. C. 1975 . Minimal dissolved oxygen requirements of aquatic life with emphasis on Canadian species: a review . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 32 : 2295 – 2332 .
  • Gellman , I. 1982 . Kraft effluent decolorization—a program for assessment of its need, technological capability and general consequences , 2nd ed. , National Council on Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) of the paper industry . Special report
  • Huser , B. A. 1995 . Waikato River water quality monitoring programme: 1994 , Environment Waikato . Unpublished report
  • Huser , B. A. and Prowse , H. J. 1994 . Waikato River water quality monitoring programme , Data report 1991–1993 43 Environment Waikato technical report . 94/7
  • Huser , B. A. , Prowse , H. J. , McBride , G. B. and Timperley , M. H. Water quality monitoring in the Waikato River . Water Environment Federation 67th Annual Conference and Exposition . North Island, New Zealand. pp. 457 – 468 . Weftec ‘94
  • James , G. D. and Kelso , J. R. M. 1995 . Movements and habitat preference of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a New Zealand montane lake . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 29 : 493 – 503 .
  • Jobling , M. 1981 . Temperature tolerance and the final preferendum—rapid methods for the assessment of optimum growth temperatures . Journal offish biology , 19 : 439 – 455 .
  • Jones , B. F. , Warren , C. E. , Bond , C. E. and Doudoroff , P. 1956 . Avoidance reactions of salmonid fishes to pulp mill effluents . Sewage and industrial wastes , 28 : 1403 – 1413 .
  • Lehtinen , K‐J. 1992 . Environmental effects of chlorine bleaching—facts neglected? . Paper and timber , 74 : 715 – 719 .
  • Levy , D. A. 1990 . Sensory mechanism and selective advantage for diel vertical migration in juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka . Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic science , 47 : 1796 – 1802 .
  • McBride , G. , Smith , D.G. , Mink , D. and Wisse , J. 1994 . Review of long‐term Waikato River monitoring data , NIWA consultancy report, EVW002 Hamilton : Report prepared for Environment Waikato .
  • McDowall , R. M. 1990 . New Zealand freshwater fishes. A natural history and guide , 553 Auckland : Heinemann Reed in association with MAF Publishing Group .
  • Meredith , A. S. and Davenport , M. W. 1988 . NZ Forest Products, Kinleith mill investigations. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on invertebrate communities of the Kopakorahi streams , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1988/12
  • Meredith , A. S. , Davenport , M. W. and Scrimgeour , G. J. 1988 . NZ Forest Products, Kinleith mill investigations. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on macroinvertebrate and fish communities in Lake Maraetai , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1988/5
  • Ministry for the Environment . June 1994 . Water quality guidelines no. 2—Guidelines for the management of water colour and clarity , June , Ministry for the Environment . 1994
  • Preisendorfer , R. W. 1986 . Secchi disk science: visual optics of natural waters . Limnological oceanography , 31 (5) : 909 – 926 .
  • Richardson , J. , Boubee , J. A. T. and West , D. W. 1994 . Thermal tolerance and preference of some native New Zealand freshwater fish . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 28 : 399 – 407 .
  • Robinson , F. W. and Tash , J. C. 1979 . Feeding by Arizona trout (Salmo apache) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) at different light intensities . Environmental biology of fishes , 4 : 363 – 368 .
  • Rowe , D. K. and Chisnall , B. L. 1995 . Effects of oxygen, temperature and light gradients on the vertical distribution of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in two North Island, New Zealand, lakes differing in trophic status . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 29 : 421 – 434 .
  • SAS Institute Inc. 1992 . SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6.10. , Cary, NC. : SAS Institute Inc. .
  • Scrimgeour , G. J. 1989 . Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on macroinvertebrate and fish populations in weedbeds in a New Zealand hydro‐electric lake . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 23 : 373 – 379 .
  • Sharpies , A. D. , Campin , D. N. and Evans , C. W. 1994 . Fin erosion in a feral population of goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent . Journal offish diseases , 17 : 483 – 93 .
  • Sharpies , A. D. and Evans , C. W. 1996 . Pathology of fin erosion in goldfish Carassius auratus . Diseases of aquatic organisms , 24 : 81 – 91 .
  • Sokal , R. R. and Rohlf , F. J. 1981 . Biometry , San Francisco : Freeman .
  • Spigarelli , S. A. and Thommes , M. M. 1979 . Temperature selection and estimated thermal acclimation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a thermal plume . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 36 : 366 – 376 .
  • Spraque , J. B. and Drury , R. E. Advances in water pollution research . Proceedings of the 4th International conference . Prague. Avoidance reactions of salmonid fish to representative pollutants , Edited by: Jenkins , S. H. pp. 169 – 186 . New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Stables , T. B. and Thomas , G. L. 1992 . Acoustic measurement of trout distribution in Spada Lake, Washington, using stationary transducers . Journal offish biology , 40 : 191 – 203 .
  • Thornton , J. , Weinberg , J. and Palter , J. 1993 . Transition planning for the chlorine phase‐out. Economic benefits, costs, and opportunities , 33 Auckland : Greenpeace .
  • Titulaer , W. A. 1995 . Respiration physiology and the gill structure of the New Zealand freshwater crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus (White 1847) (Decapoda: Parastacidae) , New Zealand : University of Canterbury . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Vant , W. N. 1987 . “ Eutrophication: assessment and control ” . In Lake managers handbook , Water and soil miscellaneous publication 103 Edited by: Vant , W. N. 151 – 156 . Wellington : National Water and Soil Conservation Authority .
  • Vant , W. N. and Davies‐Colley , R. J. 1984 . Factors affecting clarity of New Zealand lakes . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 18 : 367 – 377 .
  • Zuur , B. 1988a . NZ Forest Products Kinleith mill investigations: audit of NZFP water quality data , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1989/3
  • Zuur , B. 1988b . Waikato River water quality monitoring programme: annual report—1988 , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1988/6
  • Zuur , B. 1989a . NZ Forest Products Kinleith mill investigations: the impact of Kinleith kraft effluent on the colour of the Waikato River and the Kopakorahi stream , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1989/24
  • Zuur , B. 1989b . NZ Forest Products Kinleith mill investigations: the mixing of Kinleith kraft effluent in Lake Maraetai , Waikato Catchment Board technical report 1989/23

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.