Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity

References

• Amaoka , K. 1990 . Fishes collected by the R/V Shinkai Maru around New Zealand , Edited by: Amaoka , K. , Matsuura , K. , Inada , T. , Takeda , M. , Hatakanka , H. and Okada , K. 410 Tokyo, , Japan : Japan Marine Fishery Resource Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Barclay , W. and Zeller , S. 1996 . Nutritional enhancement of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in rotifers and Artemia nauplii by feeding spray‐dried Schizochytrium sp . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 27 (3) : 314 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellomy , M. D. 1969 . Encyclopedia of seahorses , 192 New Jersey : T. F. H. Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Cornacchia , J. W. and Colt , J. E. 1984 . The effects of dissolved gas supersaturation on larval striped bass, Morone saxitilis (Walbaum) . Journal of Fish Diseases , 7 : 15 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forteath , N. 1996 . Seahorses, Hippocampus abdominalis in culture . Austasia Aquaculture , 9 (6) : 83 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Forteath , N. 1997 . The large bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis: a candidate for aquaculture . Austasia Aquaculture , 11 (3) : 52 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , M. 1996 . Coastal fishes of New Zealand: an identification guide , 72 Auckland : Reed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Furuita , H. , Konishi , K. and Takeuchi , T. 1999 . Effect of different levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in Artemia nauplii on growth, survival and salinity tolerances of larvae of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus . Aquaculture , 170 : 59 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrick‐Maidment , N. 1997 . Seahorses: conservation and care , 48 England : Kingdom Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbertson , D. 1987 . The Midas touch . New Zealand Journal of Technology , 3 (1) : 39 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Giwojna , P. 1990 . A step‐by‐step book about seahorses , 64 T. F. H. Publications, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Giwojna , P. and Giwojna , B. 1999a . Seahorse breeding secrets, Part I: Ten common mistakes and how to avoid them . Freshwater and Marine Aquarium , January : 8 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Giwojna , P. and Giwojna , B. 1999b . Seahorse breeding secrets, Part II: Ten common mistakes and how to avoid them . Freshwater and Marine Aquarium , February : 8 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , D. H. 1974 . A treasury of New Zealand Fishes , 424 Wellington : A. H. & A. W. Reed .
   Google Scholar
• Herald , E. S. and Rakowicz , M. 1951 . Stable requirements for raising sea horses . The Aquarium Journal , 22 (12) : 234 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilomen‐Garcia , G. 1999 . AQD's marine ornamental fish project . SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture , 21 (2) : 31 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolbeinshavin , A. and Wallace , J. C. 1985 . Observations on swim bladder stress syndrome in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), induced by inadequate water depth . Aquaculture , 46 : 259 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourie , S. A. , Vincent , A. C. J. and Hall , H. J. 1999 . Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation , 214 London : Project Seahorse .
   Google Scholar
• Lovett , J. M. 1969 . An introduction to the biology of the seahorse H. abdominalis , 102 Australia : University of Tasmania . Unpublished BSc Honours thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Martin‐Robichaud , D. J. and Peterson , R. H. 1998 . Effects of light intensity, tank colour and photoperiod on swimbladder inflation success in larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) . Aquaculture Research , 29 : 539 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masonjones , H. D. and Lewis , S. A. 1996 . Courtship behaviour in the dwarf seahorse, Hippocampus zosterae . Copeia , 3 : 634 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash , C. E. , Kuo , C‐M. , Madden , W. D. and Paulsen , C. L. 1977 . Swim bladder inflation and survival of Mugil cephalus to 50 days . Aquaculture , 12 : 89 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulin , C and Roberts , C. 1992 . The rockpool fishes of New Zealand , 177 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa .
   Google Scholar
• Scarratt , A. M. 1995 . Techniques for raising lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) . Aquarium Frontiers , 3 (1) : 24 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Seki , T. and Kan‐no , H. 1977 . Synchronised control of early life in the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino (Haliotidae, Gastropoda) . Bulletin of the Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory , 38 : 143 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Sobolewski , A. 1997 . Breeding the fat bellied seahorse . Austasia Aquaculture , 11 (4) : 71 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Steen , J. B. 1970 . “ The swimbladder as a hydrostatic organ ” . In Fish physiology , Edited by: Hoar , W. J. and Randall , D. J. Vol. 4 , 413 – 443 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Straughan , R. P. L. 1961 . Keeping sea horses , 32 New Jersey : T. F. H. Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Strawn , K. 1958 . Life history of the pigmy seahorse, Hippocampus zosterae Jordan and Gilbert, at Cedar Key, Florida . Copeia , 1 : 16 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Uki , N. and Kikuchi , S. 1984 . Regulation of maturation and spawning of an abalone, Haliotis (Gastropoda) by external environmental factors . Aquaculture , 39 : 247 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. 1994 . Seahorses exhibit conventional sex roles in mating competition, despite male pregnancy . Behaviour , 128 : 135 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. 1995a . Exploitation of seahorses and pipefishes . NAGA, The ICLARM Quartely , 1995 January : 18 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. 1995b . Keeping seahorses . Journal of Maquaculture , 3 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. 1995c . A role for daily greetings in maintaining seahorse pair bonds . Animal Behaviour , 49 : 258 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. 1996 . The international trade in seahorses , 163 Cambridge, , United Kingdom : TRAFFIC International .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. 1998 . Seahorse culturing . Austasia Aquaculture , 11 (5) : 72 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. , Ahnesji , I. , Berglund , A. and Rosenqvist , G. 1992 . Pipefishes and seahorses: are they all sex role reversed? . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 7 (7) : 237 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. C. J. and Sadler , L. M. 1995 . Faithful pairbonds in wild seahorses, Hippocampus whitei . Animal Behaviour , 50 : 1557 – 1569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe , T. , Oowa , F. , Kitajima , C and Fujita , S. 1978 . Nutritional quality of brine shrimp, Anemia salina, as a living feed from the viewpoint of essential fatty acids for fish . Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science , 44 (10) : 1115 – 1121 .
   Google Scholar
• Weitkamp , D. E. and Katz , M. 1980 . A review of dissolved gas supersaturation literature . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 109 : 659 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf , B. 1998 . A review of the husbandry and disease problems associated with the captive culture and breeding of seahorses, Hippocampus species , 51 England : University of Plymouth . Unpublished MSc thesis,
   Google Scholar