1,287
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Diffuse contributions dominate over point sources of soluble nutrients in two sub-catchments of the Manawatu River, New Zealand

, &
Pages 219-241 | Received 20 May 2011, Accepted 07 Oct 2011, Published online: 16 May 2012

References

  • Anzecc & Armcanz National water quality management strategy: Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality 2000 Canberra , Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand .
  • Aulenbach , BT and Hooper , RP . 2006 . The composite method: an improved method for stream-water solute load estimation . Hydrological Processes , 20 : 3029 – 3047 .
  • Ballantine DJ , Davies-Colley RJ 2009a . Water quality state and trends in the Horizons Region. Prepared for the Horizons Regional Council . NIWA Client Report No. HAM2009-090. Horizons Regional Council Report No. 2009/EXT/1025, ISBN 978-1-877516-57-3 .
  • Ballantine DJ , Davies-Colley RJ 2009b . Water quality at National water quality network sites for 1989–2007 . Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. NIWA Client Report HAM2009-026. http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/water-quality-trends-1989-2007/final-report-water-quality-trends-NRWQN.pdf (accessed 29 July 2011) .
  • Ballantine DJ , Davies-Colley RJ , Thompson M , Gray T 2010a . The expanding footprint of pastoral agriculture: trends in national river water quality . In : Currie LD , Christensen CL . Occasional report No. 23 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 15 – 24 .
  • Ballantine DJ , Davies-Colley RJ , McArthur K 2010b . The footprint of pastoral agriculture: river water quality in the Horizons Region (2001–2008) . In : Currie LD , Christensen CL . Farming's future: minimising footprints and maximizing margins. Occasional Report No. 23 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 110 – 118 .
  • Ballantine DJ , Booker , D , Unwin M , Snelder T 2010c . Analysis of national river water quality data for the period 1998–2007 . Report prepared by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research for the Ministry for the Environment , Wellington . http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/analysis-of-national-river-water-quality-data-1998-2007/analysis-of-river-water-quality-final.pdf (accessed 19 April 2011).
  • Biggs , BJF . 1990 . Periphyton communities and their environments in New Zealand Rivers . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 24 : 367 – 386 .
  • Biggs , BJF . 1995 . The contribution of disturbance, catchment geology and landuse to the habitat template of periphyton in stream ecosystems . Freshwater Biology , 33 : 419 – 438 .
  • Biggs BJF 2000a . New Zealand periphyton guidelines: detecting, monitoring and managing enrichment of streams . Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment by the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) . Wellington , Ministry for the Environment .
  • Biggs , BJF . 2000b . Eutrophication of streams and rivers: dissolved nutrient-chlorophyll relationships for benthic algae . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 19 : 17 – 31 .
  • Biggs , BJF , Ibbitt , RP and Jowett , IG . 2008 . Determination of flow regimes for protection of in-river values in New Zealand: an overview . Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology , 8 : 17 – 29 .
  • Boothroyd , IJ , Quinn , JM , Costley , KJ , Langer , ER and Steward , G . 2004 . Riparian buffers mitigate effects of pine plantation logging on New Zealand streams: 1. Riparian vegetation structure, stream geomorphology and periphyton . Forest Ecology and Management , 194 : 199 – 213 .
  • Clark M , Roygard J 2008 . Land use and land use capability in the Manawatu–Wanganui Region: internal technical report to support policy development . Horizons Regional Council Internal Report No. 2008/INT/616, Palmerston North .
  • Clark M 2010 . A new methodology for determining the impact of point-source discharges on freshwater . A thesis prepared in partial fulfilment of Master in Applied Science . Palmerston North, Massey University .
  • Davies-Colley , RJ and Quinn , JM . 1998 . Stream lighting in five regions of North Island, New Zealand: control by channel size and riparian vegetation . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 32 : 591 – 605 .
  • Dean , TL and Richardson , J . 1999 . Response of seven species of native freshwater fish and a shrimp to low levels of dissolved oxygen . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 33 : 99 – 106 .
  • Elliott , AH , Alexander , RB , Schwarz , GE , Shankar , U , Sukias , JPS and McBride , GB . 2005 . Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW . Journal of Hydrology (NZ) , 44 : 127
  • Ferguson , RI . 1986 . River loads underestimated by rating curves . Water Resources Research , 22 : 74 – 76 .
  • Ferguson , RI . 1987 . Accuracy and precision of methods for estimating river loads . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 12 : 95 – 104 .
  • Guo , Y , Markus , M and Dmeissie , M . 2002 . Uncertainty of nitrate-N load computations for agricultural watershed . Water Resources Research , 38 : 1185 – 1197 .
  • Hamilton , D . 2005 . Land use impacts on nutrient export in the Central Volcanic Plateau, North Island . New Zealand Journal of Forestry , 49 : 27 – 31 .
  • Hickey CW , Martin ML 2009 . A review of nitrate toxicity to freshwater aquatic species . Prepared for Environment Canterbury By NIWA. Environment Canterbury Report No. R09/57. ISBN 978-1-86937-997-1 .
  • Hickey , CW and Vickers , ML . 1994 . Toxicity of ammonia to nine native New Zealand freshwater invertebrate species . Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 26 : 87 – 93 .
  • Hill Young Cooper Ltd 2006 . Improving the management of freshwater resources: issues and opportunities . Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment: Wellington, New Zealand . http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/improving-management-freshwater-resources/improving-management-freshwater-resources.pdf (accessed 14 April 2011).
  • Houlbrooke , DJ , Horne , DJ , Hedley , MJ , Hanly , JA and Scotter , DR . 2004 . Minimising surface water pollution resulting from farm-dairy effluent application to mole-pipe drained soils 1. An evaluation of the deferred irrigation system for sustainable land treatment in the Manawatu . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 47 : 405 – 415 .
  • Houlbrooke , DJ , Horne , DJ , Hedley , MJ , Snow , VO and Hanly , JA . 2008 . Land application of farm dairy effluent to a mole and pipe drained soil: implications for nutrient enrichment of winter-spring drainage . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 46 : 45 – 52 .
  • Kilroy C , Nicholson C , McArthur KJ , Chakraborty M , Roygard J 2010 . Review of Horizons Regional Council periphyton monitoring programme 2009 . NIWA client report CHC2010-0 prepared in conjunction with Horizons Regional Council. Horizons Regional Council Report No. 2010/EXT/1124, ISBN 978-1-877556-49-4 .
  • Ledgard SF , Thorrold BS , Petch RA , Young J 2001 . Use of OVERSEER® as a tool to identify management strategies for reducing nitrate leaching from farms around Lake Taupo . In : Currie LD , Loganathan P . Precision tools for improving land management. Occasional Report No. 14 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 187 – 194 .
  • Ledgard SF , Williams PH , Broom FD , Thorrold BS , Wheeler DM , Willis VJ 1999 . OVERSEER® : A nutrient budgeting model for pastoral farming, wheat, potatoes, apples and kiwifruit . In : Currie LD Hedley MJ Horne DJ Loganathan P Best soil management practices for production. Occasional Report No. 12. Palmerston North, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre, Massey University . Pp. 143 – 152 .
  • McArthur K , Clark M 2007 . Nitrogen and phosphorus loads to rivers in the Manawatu–Wanganui Region: an analysis of low flow state . Horizons Regional Council Report No: 2007/EXT/793. ISBN 1-877413-81-X .
  • McArthur KJ 2010 . Supplementary evidence to the section 42A report of Mrs Kathryn Jane McArthur on behalf of Horizons Regional Council . http://www.horizons.govt.nz/assets/horizons/Images/One%20Plan%20officers%20reports/Mrs%20Kathryn%20Jane%20McArthur.pdf (accessed 19 May 2011).
  • McArthur , KJ , Roygard , J and Clark , M . 2010 . Understanding variations in the limiting nitrogen and phosphorus status of rivers in the Manawatu–Wanganui Region, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Hydrology , 49 : 15 – 33 .
  • McDowell RW , Larned ST 2008 . Surface water quality and nutrients: what should the focus be? In: Carbon and nutrient management in agriculture . In : Currie LD , Yates LJ . Occasional Report No. 21 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 448 – 453 .
  • MCWQRP 1998 . Manawatu catchment water quality regional plan . http://www.horizons.govt.nz/assets/publications/managing-our-environment/publications-plans-and-strategies/Manawatu-catchment-Water-quality-regional-plan.pdf (accessed 12 May 2011) .
  • Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2007 . Environment New Zealand. Published by the Ministry for the Environment , Wellington . MfE Report No. ME847 .
  • Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2009 . Nutrient river water quality league table: nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus . http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/freshwater/river/league-table/nutrient-league.html (accessed 1 April 2011) .
  • Monaghan , RM , Hedley , MJ , Di , HJ , McDowell , RW , Cameron , KC and Ledgard , SF . 2007a . Nutrient management in New Zealand pastures–recent developments and future issues . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 50 : 181 – 201 .
  • Monaghan , RM , Wilcock , RJ , Smith , LC , Tikkisetty , B , Thorrold , BS and Costall , D . 2007b . Linkages between land management activities and water quality in an intensively farmed catchment in southern New Zealand . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 118 : 211 – 222 .
  • National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS) 2011 . http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/rma/nps-freshwater-management-2011/index.html (accessed 10 May 2012) .
  • Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) 2004 . Growing for good: intensive farming sustainability and New Zealand's environment . Wellington : Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment . ISBN 1-877274-51-8 .
  • Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) 2010 . How clean is New Zealand? Measuring and reporting on the health of our environment . Wellington . ISBN 978-1-977274-10-7 .
  • Quinn , JM , Wilcock , RJ , Monaghan , RM , McDowell , RW and Journeaux , PR . 2009 . Grassland farming and water quality in New Zealand . Irish Journal of Agri-environmental Research , 7 : 69 – 88 .
  • Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991 . New Zealand Government , Wellington .
  • Richards RP 1998 . Estimation of pollutant loads in rivers and streams: a guidance document for NPS programs . Project report prepared under Grant X998397-01-0, US Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colorado .
  • Richards , RP and Holloway , J . 1987 . Monte Carlo studies of sampling strategies for estimating tributary loads . Water Resources Research , 23 : 1939 – 1948 .
  • Richardson , J . 1997 . Acute ammonia toxicity for eight New Zealand indigenous freshwater species . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 31 : 185 – 190 .
  • Richardson , J , Williams , EK and Hickey , CW . 2001 . Avoidance behaviour of freshwater fish and shrimp exposed to ammonia and low dissolved oxygen separately and in combination . New Zealand Journal of Freshwater and Marine Research , 25 : 625 – 633 .
  • Richmond C , Froude V , Fenemor A , Zuur B 2004 . Management and conservation of natural waters . In : Harding J , Mosley P , Pearson C , Sorrell B . Freshwaters of New Zealand . Christchurch , New Zealand Hydrological Society and New Zealand Limnological Society .
  • Rhode , M and Suhr , U . 2007 . Uncertainties in selected river water quality data . Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 11 : 863 – 874 .
  • Roygard J , McArthur K 2008 . A framework for managing non-point source and point source nutrient contributions to water quality. Technical report to support policy development . Horizons Regional Council Report No. 2008/EXT/792. ISBN 978-1-877468-39-1 .
  • Roygard J 2009 . Section 42A Report of Dr Jonathan Kelvin Fletcher Roygard on behalf of Horizons Regional Council . http://www.horizons.govt.nz/assets/horizons/Images/One%20Plan%20Officers%20reports%20water%20hearing/Dr%20Jonathon%20Kelvin%20Fletcher%20Roygard.pdf (accessed 1 May 2011) .
  • Scarsbrook M 2006 . State and trends in the national river water quality network . Report published by Ministry for the Environment. ISBN 0-478-30109-X. MfE report number 778. http://www.mfe.govt.nz (accessed 1 June 2007) .
  • USEPA 1999 . Protocols for developing nutrient TMDLs. First Edition . United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water , Washington , DC . EPA 841-B-99-007 .
  • Wheeler , DM , Ledgard , SF , De Klein , CAM , Monaghan , RM , Carey , PL , McDowell , RW and Johns , KL . 2003 . OVERSEER® nutrient budgets—moving towards on-farm resource accounting . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 65 : 191 – 194 .
  • Wheeler DM , Ledgard SF , Monaghan RM , McDowell RW de Klein CAM 2006 . OVERSEER® nutrient budget model: what it is, what it does . In : Currie LD , Hanly JA . Implementing sustainable nutrient management strategies in agriculture . Occasional Report No. 19 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 231 – 236 .
  • Wheeler DM , Ledgard SF , Monaghan RM 2007 . Role of the OVERSEER® nutrient budget model in nutrient management plans . In : Currie LD , Yates L . Designing sustainable farms, critical aspects of soil and water management . Occasional Report No. 20 . Palmerston North, Massey University, Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre . Pp. 53 – 58 .
  • Wilcock , RJ , Nagels , JW , Rodda , HJE , O'Connor , MB , Thorrold , BS and Barnett , JW . 1999 . Water quality of a lowland stream in a New Zealand dairy farming catchment . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 33 : 683 – 696 .
  • Wilcock B , Biggs B , Death R , Hickey C , Larned S , Quinn J 2007 . Limiting nutrients for controlling undesirable periphyton growth. Prepared for Horizons Regional Council . NIWA Client Report No. 00HAM2007-006. Horizons Regional Council Report No. 2007/EXT/788. ISBN 978-1-877556-82-1 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.