243
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research articles

Age structure, recruitment variation, and sex ratio in blue cod (Parapercis colias) subpopulations in New Zealand

Pages 524-549 | Received 07 Jul 2020, Accepted 11 Sep 2020, Published online: 30 Sep 2020

References

  • Adams S, Mapstone BD, Russ GR, Davies CR. 2000. Geographic variation in the sex ratio, sex specific size, and age structure of Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) between reefs open and closed to fishing on the Great Barrier Reef. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 57:1448–1458.
  • Allsop DJ, West SA. 2004a. Changing sex at the same relative body size. Nature. 425:783–784.
  • Allsop DJ, West SA. 2004b. Sex-ratio evolution in sex changing animals. Evolution. 58:1019–1027.
  • Anderson OF, Bagley NW, Hurst RJ, Francis MP, Clark MR, McMillan PJ. 1998. Atlas of New Zealand fish and squid distributions from research bottom trawls. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Technical Report 42. 303 p.
  • Beamish RJ, Mcfarlane GA. 1983. The forgotten requirement for age validation in fisheries biology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 112:735–743.
  • Beentjes MP. 2019. Blue cod potting surveys: standards and specifications: Version 2. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2019/21. 62 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Carbines GD. 2003. Abundance of blue cod off Banks Peninsula in 2002. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2003/16. 25 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Carbines GD. 2005. Population structure and relative abundance of blue cod (Parapercis colias) off Banks Peninsula and in Dusky Sound, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 39:77–90.
  • Beentjes MP, Fenwick M. 2017. Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod off Banks Peninsula in 2016. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2017/30. 81 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Miller A, Kater D. 2019. Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod in Foveaux Strait in 2018. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2019/13. 52 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Page M. 2017. Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod off Kaikoura in 2015. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2017/16. 54 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Page M. 2018. Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod off Kaikoura in 2017. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2018/37. 44 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Page M, Sutton C, Olsen L. 2018. Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod from the 2017 survey in Marlborough Sounds, and review of historical surveys. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2018/33. 103 p.
  • Beentjes MP, Renwick JA. 2001. The relationship between red cod, Pseudophycis bachus, recruitment and environmental variables in New Zealand. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 61:315–328.
  • Beentjes MP, Sutton C. 2017. . Relative abundance, size and age structure, and stock status of blue cod off Motunau in 2016. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2017/17. 54 p.
  • Beer NA, Wing SR, Carbines G. 2013. First estimates of batch fecundity for Parapercis colias, a commercially important temperate reef fish. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 47:587–594.
  • Bode M, Bode L, Armsworth PR. 2006. Larval dispersal reveals regional sources and sinks in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 308:17–25.
  • Brandt KK, Dunn MR, Brouwer SL. 2017. Assessing maturity, fecundity and hermaphroditism in blue cod Parapercis colias. Aquatic Biology. 26:137–148.
  • Bull B, Dunn A. 2002. Catch-at-age: User Manual v1.06.2002/09/12. NIWA Internal Report 114. 23 p. (Unpublished report held in NIWA Library, Wellington.).
  • Campana SE. 2001. Accuracy, precision, and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods. Journal of Fish Biology. 59:197–242.
  • Campana SE, Annand MC, McMillan JI. 1995. Graphical and statistical methods for determining the consistency of age determinations. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 124:131–138.
  • Carbines GD. 1998. Blue cod age validation, tagging feasibility and sex inversion. Final Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Project SOBCO4. 74 p. (Unpublished report held by Fisheries New Zealand, Wellington.).
  • Carbines GD. 2004a. Age determination, validation, and growth of blue cod Parapercis colias, in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 38:201–214.
  • Carbines GD. 2004b. Age, growth, movement and reproductive biology of blue cod (Parapercis colias-Pinguipedidae): Implications for fisheries management in the South Island of New Zealand. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 224 p.
  • Carbines GD, McKenzie J. 2001. Movement patterns and stock mixing of blue cod in Southland (BCO 5). Final Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Research Project BCO9702. 16 p. (Unpublished report held by the Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington.).
  • Carbines GD, McKenzie J. 2004. Movement patterns and stock mixing of blue cod in Dusky Sound in 2002. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2004/36. 28 p.
  • Carbines GD, Weimin J, Beentjes MP. 2004. The impact of oyster dredging on the growth of blue cod, Parapercis colias, in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 14:491–504.
  • Chambers RC, Trippel EA, editors. 1997. Early life history and recruitment in fish populations. London: Chapman & Hall. 596 p.
  • Chiswell SM. 1996. Variability in the Southland current, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 30:1–17.
  • Cole RG, Villouta E, Davidson RJ. 2000. Direct evidence of limited dispersal of the reef fish Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae) within a marine reserve and adjacent fished areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 10:421–436.
  • Crowder LB, Figueira WF. 2006. Metapopulation ecology and marine conservation. In: J.P. Kritzer, P.F. Sale, editor. Marine metapopulations. New York: Academic Press; p. 491–516.
  • Crowder LB, Lyman SJ, Figueira WF, Priddy J. 2000. Source-sink population dynamics and the problem of siting marine reserves. Bulletin of Marine Science. 66:799–820.
  • Dias PC. 1996. Sources and sinks in population biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 11:326–330.
  • Doonan I. 2020. Stock assessment of blue cod (Parapercis colias) in BCO 5 using data to 2019. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2020/14. 48 p.
  • Figueira WF. 2009. Connectivity or demography: Defining sources and sinks in coral reef fish metapopulations. Ecological Modelling. 220:1126–1137.
  • Fishelson L. 1970. Protogynous sex reversal in the fish Anthias squamipinnis (Teleostei, Anthiidae) regulated by presence or absence of male fish. Nature. 227:90–91.
  • Fisheries New Zealand. 2020. Fisheries Assessment Plenary, May 2020: stock assessments and stock status. Compiled by the Fisheries Science and Information Group, Fisheries New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. 1746 p.
  • Francis MP. 1993. Does water temperature determine year class strength in New Zealand snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae)? Fisheries Oceanography. 2:65–72.
  • Francis RICC. 1984. An adaptive strategy for stratified random trawl surveys. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 18:59–71.
  • Garratt PA. 1985. The offshore line fishery of Natal: I: exploited population structure of the Sparids Chrysoblephus puniceus and Cheimerius nufar. Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report. 62:1–18.
  • Gebbie CL. 2014. Population genetic structure of New Zealand blue cod (Parapercis colias) based on mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers. 89 p. MSc. thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Ghiselin MT. 1969. The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals. Review of Biology. 44:189–208.
  • Govier D. 2001. Growth and movement of Blue Cod (Parapercis colias) in Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island, New Zealand [Thesis, Master of Science]. University of Otago. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2967.
  • Hanchet SM, Renwick JA. 1999. Prediction of southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) year class strength in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document 99/51. 24 p. (Unpublished report held by Fisheries New Zealand, Wellington.).
  • Hanchet SM, Uozumi Y. 1996. Age validation and growth of southern blue whiting, Micromesistius australis Norman, in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 30:57–67.
  • Heath RA. 1981. Oceanic fronts around southern New Zealand. Deep Sea Research. 28A:547–560.
  • Hixon MA, Anderson TW, Buch KL, Johnson DW, McLeod JB, Stallings CD. 2012. Density dependence and population regulation in marine fish: a large-scale, long-term field manipulation. Ecological Monographs. 82:467–489.
  • Horn PL. 1993. Growth, age structure, and productivity of jack mackerels (Trachurus spp.) in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 27:145–155.
  • Horn PL. 1996. Age and growth of red cod (Pseudophycis bachus) off the south-east coast of South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 30:151–160.
  • Houde ED. 1987. Fish early life dynamics and recruitment variability. American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2:17–29.
  • Huntsman GR, Schaaf WE. 1994. Simulation of the impact of fishing on reproduction of a protogynous grouper, the graysby. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 14:41–52.
  • Linde M, Palmer M. 2008. Testing Allsop and West’s size at sex change invariant within a fish species: a spurious ratio or a useful group descriptor? Evolutionary Biology. 21:914–917.
  • Livingston ME. 2000. Links between climate variation and the year class strength of New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) Hector. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 34:55–69.
  • Mace JT, Johnston AD. 1983. Tagging experiments on blue cod (Parapercis colias) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 17:207–211.
  • Mariani S, Sala-Bozano M, Chopelet J, Benvenuto C. 2013. Spatial and temporal patterns of size-at-sex-change in two exploited coastal fish. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 96:535–541.
  • Ministry of Fisheries. 2008. Operational guidelines for New Zealand's harvest strategy standard. 66 p. (unpublished report held by Fisheries New Zealand, Wellington.).
  • Ministry of Fisheries. 2011. Guidelines for the development of fish age determination protocols. 20 p. (Unpublished report held by Fisheries New Zealand, Wellington.).
  • Munday PL, White JW, Warner RR. 2006. A social basis for the development of primary males in a sex-changing fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 273:2845–2851.
  • Mutch PG. 1983. Factors influencing the density and distribution of the blue cod (Parapercis colias) (Pisces: Mugilodae). [Unpublished MSc thesis]. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Mutshinda CM, O'Hara RB, Woiwod IP. 2009. What drives community dynamics? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276:2923–2929.
  • Pankhurst NW, Conroy AM. 1987. Seasonal changes in reproductive condition and plasma levels of sex steroids in the blue cod Parapercis colias (Bloch and Schneider) Mugiloididae. Journal of Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 4:15–26.
  • Paul LJ, Horn PL. 2009. Age and growth of sea perch (Helicolenus percoides) from two adjacent areas off the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Fisheries Research. 95:169–180.
  • Platten JR, Tibbetts IR, Sheaves MJ. 2002. The influence of increased line-fishing mortality on the sex ratio and age of sex reversal of the Venus tusk fish. Journal of Fish Biology. 60:301–318.
  • Pulliam HR. 1988. Sources, sinks, and population regulation. The American Naturalist. 132:652–651.
  • Rapson AM. 1956. Biology of the blue Cod (Parapercis colias Forster) of New Zealand. 53 p. [Unpublished Ph.D. thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
  • R Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
  • Reinboth R. 1980. Can sex inversion be environmentally induced? Biology of Reproduction. 22:49–59.
  • Renwick JA, Hurst RJ, Kidson JW. 1998. Climatic influences on the recruitment of southern gemfish (Rexea solandri, Gempylidae) in New Zealand waters. International Journal of Climatology. 18:1655–1667.
  • Rice JA, Quinlan JA, Nixon SW, Hettler WF, Warlen SM, Stegmann PM. 1999. Spawning and transport dynamics of Atlantic menhaden: inferences from characteristics of immigrating larvae and predictions of a hydrodynamic model. Fisheries Oceanography. 8:93–110.
  • Roberts CM. 1997. Connectivity and management of Carribean coral reefs. Science. 278:1454–1457.
  • Roberts CD, Stewart AL, Struthers CD. eds. 2015. The fishes of New Zealand. In: 4 volumes. Wellington: Te Papa Press. 2008 p. [vol. 1: S1–S256; vol. 2: 1–576; vol. 3: 577–1152; vol. 4: 1153–1748].
  • Robertson DA. 1980. Hydrology and the quantitative distribution of planktonic eggs of some marine fishes of the Otago coast, south-eastern New Zealand. Fisheries Research Bulletin No. 21. 69 p. (Unpublished report held by NIWA, Wellington).
  • Robertson DR. 1972. Social control of sex reversal in a coral-reef fish. Science. 177:1007–1009.
  • Rodgers KL, Wing SR. 2008. Spatial structure and movement of blue cod Parapercis colias in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, inferred from delta C-13 and delta N-15. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 359:239–248.
  • Sadovy Y, Shapiro DY. 1987. Criteria for diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes. Copeia. 1:136–156.
  • Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Liu M. 2008. Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish and Fisheries. 9:1–43.
  • Sato T, Kobayashi M, Takebe T, Hirai N, Okuzawa K, Sawaguchi S, Matsubara T, Yamaguchi T, Shinoda R, Koiso M, et al. 2018. Induction of female-to-male sex change in a large protogynous fish, Choerodon schoenleinii. Marine Ecology. 39(e12484):1–8.
  • Shepherd JG, Pope JG, Cousens RD. 1984. Variations in fish stocks and hypotheses concerning their links with climate. Rapports et Process-verbaux des Réunions. Conseil International pour l’Éxploration de la Mer. 185:255–267.
  • Sissenwine MP. 1984. Why do fish populations vary? In: May RM, editor. Exploitation of marine communities; p. 59–94. Dahlem Workshop Report. Vol. 32. Berlin: Springer.
  • Stroud GJ. 1982. The taxonomy and biology of fishes of the genus Parapercis (Teleostei: Mugiloididae) in Great Barrier Reef waters. 428 p. [PhD thesis]. James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
  • von Bertalanffy L. 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth. Human Biology. 10:181–213.
  • Walker SPW, Thibaut L, McCormick MI. 2010. Density-dependent sex ratio adjustment and the allee effect: a model and a test using a sex-changing fish. The American Naturalist. 176:312–321.
  • Walsh C. 2017. Age determination protocol for blue cod (Parapercis colias). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2017/15. 34 p.
  • Warner RR. 1984. Mating behavior and hermaphroditism in coral reef fishes. American Scientist. 72:128–136.
  • Warner RR. 1988. Sex change and the size-advantage model. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 3:133–136.
  • Wells JV, Richmond ME. 1995. Populations, metapopulations, species populations: what are they and who should care? Wildlife Society Bulletin. 23:458–462.
  • Wong MYL, Buston PM. 2013. Social systems in habitat-specialist reef fishes: key concepts in evolutionary ecology. Bioscience. 63:453–463.
  • Wynne–Jones J, Gray A, Heinemann A, Hill L, Walton L. 2019. National Panel Survey of Marine Recreational Fishers 2017–18. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2019/24. 104 p.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.