Avoidance of native versus non‐native predator odours by migrating whitebait and juveniles of the common galaxiid, galaxias maculatus

References

• Baker , CF . 2003 . Effect of adult pheromones on the avoidance of suspended sediment by migratory bandedkokopujuveniles . Journal of Fish Biology , 62 : 386 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , CF and Hicks , BJ . 2003 . Attraction of migratory inanga (Galaxias maculatus) and koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) juveniles to adult galaxiid odours . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 37 : 291 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , CF and Montgomery , JS . 2001 . Species‐specific attraction of migratory banded kokopu juveniles to adult pheromones . Journal of Fish Biology , 58 : 1221 – 1229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boubée , JA , Schickler , KP and Stancliff , AG . 1991 . Thermal avoidance in inanga, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), from the Waikato River, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 25 : 177 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boubée , JA , Dean , TL , West , DW and Barrier , RFG . 1997 . Avoidance of suspended sediment by the juvenile migratory stage of six New Zealand native fish species . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 31 : 66 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE . 2003 . Learning about danger: chemical alarm cues and local risk assessment in prey fishes . Fish and Fisheries , 4 : 227 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE and Dreier , VM . 2002 . Predator inspection behaviour and attack cone avoidance in a characin fish: the effects of predator diet and prey experience . Animal Behaviour , 63 : 1175 – 1181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE and Magnavacca , G . 2003 . Predator inspection behaviour in a characin fish: an interaction between chemical and visual information? . Ethology , 109 : 739 – 750 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE and Smith , RFG . 1998 . Acquired predator recognition in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): conditioning hatchery‐reared fish to recognize chemical cues of a predator . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 611 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE and Zachar , MM . 2002 . Chemical predator inspection in a characin fish (Hemigrammus erythrozonus, Characidae, Ostariophysi): the effects of mixed predator diets . Ethology , 108 : 451 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE , Olivers , DP and Smith , RJF . 1995 . Fathead minnows avoid conspecific and heterospecific alarm pheromones in the feces of northern pike . Journal of Fish Biology , 47 : 387 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE , Paige , JA and Godin , J . 2000 . Chemically mediated predator inspection behaviour in the absence of predator visual cues by a charcin fish . Animal Behaviour , 60 : 315 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , GE , Adrian , JC , Patton , T and Olivers , DP . 2001 . Fathead minnows learn to recognize predator odour when exposed to concentrations of artificial alarm pheromone below their behavioural‐response threshold . Canadian Journal of Zoology‐Revue Canadienne de Zoologie , 79 : 2239 – 2245 .
   Google Scholar
• Chivers , DP and Smith , RJF . 1994 . Intraspecific and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 20 : 1517 – 1524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chivers , DP and Smith , RJF . 1995 . Fatheadminnow(Pimephales promelas) learn to recognize chemical stimuli from high risk habitats by the presence of alarm substance . Behavioural Ecology , 6 : 155 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chivers , DP and Smith , RJF . 1998 . Chemical alarm signaling in aquatic predator‐prey systems: a review and prospectus . Ecoscience , 5 : 338 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl , TA , Townsend , CR and McIntosh , AR . 1992 . The impact of introduced brown and rainbow trout on native fish: the case of Australasia . Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , 2 : 217 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Edge , K , Townsend , CR and Crowl , TA . 1993 . Investigating anti‐predator behaviour in three genetically differentiated populations of non‐migratory galaxiid fishes in a New Zealand river . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 27 : 357 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul , F and Erdfelder , E . 1992 . G∗Power: a priori, post‐hoc and comparison power analyses for MS‐DOS (computer program) , Bonn, , Germany : Bonn University, Department of Psychology .
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari , MCO , Trowell , JJ , Brown , GE and Chivers , DP . 2005 . The role of learning in the development of threat‐sensitive predator avoidance by fathead minnows . Animal Behaviour , 70 : 777 – 784 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari , MCO , Messier , F and Chivers , DP . 2006 . The nose knows: minnows determine predator proximity and density through detection of predator odours . Animal Behaviour , 72 : 927 – 932 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton , W . 2000 . “ Tasmanian whitebait—a multi‐species fishery targeting migrating fishes ” . In Fish movement and migration: Australian Society for Fish Biology workshop proceedings, Bendigo, Victoria, 28–29 Sept 1999 , Edited by: Hancock , BA , Smith , DC and Koehn , JD . 256 – 260 . Sydney : Australian Society for Fish Biology .
   Google Scholar
• Giles , N . 1984 . Development of the overhead fright response in wild and predator‐naïve three‐spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus . Animal Behaviour , 32 : 276 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles , N and Huntingford , FA . 1984 . Predation risk and inter‐population variation in anti‐predator behaviour in the three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus . Animal Behaviour , 32 : 264 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , JE , Raadik , TA , Lintermans , M and Hammer , M . 2004 . Alien salmonids in Australia: impediments to effective impact management, and future directions . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 38 : 447 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowett , IG and Richardson , J . 1996 . Distribution and abundance of freshwater fish . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 30 : 239 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowett , IG , Richardson , J and McDowall , RM . 1996 . Relative effects of in‐stream habitat and land use on fish distribution and abundance in tributaries of the Grey River, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 30 : 463 – 475 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , JL and Magurran , AE . 2003 . Learned predator recognition and anti‐predator responses in fishes . Fish and Fisheries , 4 : 216 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koehn , JD and O'Connor , WG . 1990 . Distribution of freshwater fish in the Otway region, south‐western Victoria . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , 102 : 29 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Korpi , NL and Wisenden , BD . 2001 . Learned recognition of novel predator odour by zebra danios, Danio rerio, following time‐shifted presentation of alarm cue and predator odour . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 61 : 205 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen , EA and Closs , GP . 2003 . Anti‐predator response of naïve and experienced common bully to chemical alarm cues . Journal of Fish Biology , 64 : 643 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtiniemi , M . 2005 . Swim or hide: predator cues cause species specific reactions in young fish larvae . Journal of Fish Biology , 66 : 1285 – 1299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , W , Sorensen , PW and Gallaher , DD . 1995 . The olfactory system of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is specifically and acutely sensitive to unique bile acids released by conspecific larvae . The Journal of General Physiology , 105 : 569 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lintermans , M . 2000 . Recolonisation by the mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus) of a montane stream after the eradication of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Marine and Freshwater Research , 52 : 801 – 804 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magurran , AE . 1986 . Predator inspection behaviour in minnow shoals: differences between populations and individuals . Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , 19 : 267 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magurran , AE . 1990 . The inheritance and development of minnow anti‐predator behaviour . Animal Behaviour , 39 : 834 – 842 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowall , RM . 1968 . Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), the New Zealand whitebait , Fisheries Research Bulletin No. 2 New Zealand Marine Department, Fisheries Research Division .
   Google Scholar
• McDowall , RM and Eldon , GA . 1980 . The ecology of whitebait migrations (Galxiidae: Galaxias spp.) , Fisheries Research Bulletin No. 20 New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Fisheries Research Division .
   Google Scholar
• McGuckin , J . 2005 . Fish survey of the Lower Maribyrnong River basin Report preparedfor Melbourne Water Melbourne, , Australia
   Google Scholar
• Mirza , RS and Chivers , DP . 2002 . Behavioural responses to conspecific disturbance chemicals enhance survival of juvenile brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, during encounters with predators . Behaviour , 139 : 1099 – 1109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeng , H . 1971 . Is the local orientation of anadromous fishes determined by pheromones? . Nature , 233 : 411 – 413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeng , H . 1977 . A pheromone hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids . Oikos , 28 : 155 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , GP and Keough , MJ . 2002 . Experimental design and data analysis for biologists , 556 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , J , Rowe , DK and Smith , JP . 2001 . Effects of turbidity on the migration of juvenile banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) in a natural stream . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 35 : 191 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , DK , Saxton , BA and Stancliff , AG . 1992 . Species composition of whitebait fisheries in 12 Bay of Plenty rivers: evidence for river mouth selection by Galaxias brevipinnis (Günther) . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 26 : 219 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shave , CR , Townsend , CR and Crowl , TA . 1994 . Anti‐predator behaviours of a freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops zealandicus) to a native and introduced predator . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 18 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola , C . 1995 . Chemoattraction of upstream migrating glass eels, Anguilla anguilla, to earthy and green odorants . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 43 : 179 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola , C and Tongiorgi , P . 1996 . The effect of salinity on the chemotaxis of glass eels, Anguilla anguilla, to organic earthy and green odorants . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 47 : 213 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen , PW . 1986 . Origins of the freshwater attractant(s) of migrating elvers of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 17 : 185 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen , PW , Fine , JM , Dvornikovs , V , Jeffrey , CS , Shao , F , Wang , J , Vrieze , LA , Anderson , KR and Hoye , TR . 2005 . Mixture of new sulfated steroids functions as a migratory pheromone in the sea lamprey . Nature Chemical Biology , 1 : 324 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood , AJ , Chapman , MG and Crowe , TP . 2004 . Identifying and understanding ecological preferences for habitat or prey . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 300 : 161 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisenden , BD , Chivers , DP and Smith , RJF . 1994 . Risk sensitive habitat use by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in areas associated with minnow alarm pheromone . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 20 : 2975 – 2983 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar