501
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Eking a living: Women entrepreneurship and poverty reduction strategies: The case of palm kernel oil processing in the Central Region of Ghana

Pages 149-160 | Received 16 May 2007, Published online: 17 Sep 2008

References

  • Agyei-Mensah , S. & Ardayfio-Schandorf , E. 2007 . The global and the local: Urban change in Cape Coast from pre-colonial times to the present . Urban Design International 12 : 2-3 , 101 – 114 .
  • Ampofo , A.A. 2001 . When men speak, women listen: Gender socialization and young adolescents’ attitudes to sexual and reproductive health . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 5 ( 3 ) : 196 – 212 .
  • Ardayfio-Schandorf , E. 1997 . Household structure and rural food security in Africa . Breth , A.S. Women, Agricultural Intensification, and Household Food Security , 25 – 29 . Sasakawa Africa Association , Mexico City .
  • Awumbila , M. & Ardayfio-Schandorf , E. 2005 . The gender face of poverty: Female porters in Accra, Ghana . Awusabo-Asare , K. , Agyei-Mensah , S. & Jorgensen , S.H. The Changing Face of Poverty in Ghana, Proceedings of NTNU Workshop, University Cape Coast , 29 – 33 . University of Accra , Accra .
  • Batse , Z.K.M. , Botschie G. & Agyemang-Mensah , N. 1999 . Integrating Capacity Building within the Context of Social Policies for Poverty Reduction in Ghana . International Development Research Center, Social Policy Research Network for West and Central Africa (SPRN/WCA), Dakar .
  • Brown , D.R. , Stephens , E.C. , Ouma , J.O. , Murithi , F.M. & Barrett , C.B. 2006 . Livelihood strategies in the rural Kenyan highlands . www.cfnpp.cornell.edu/images/wp205.pdf (accessed May 2006) .
  • Brydon , L. and Chant , S. 1989 . Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas , New Brunswick, New Jersey, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
  • Cahn , M. 2002 . Sustainable Livelihoods Approach: Concept and Practice www.devnet.org.nzkonf/2002/ (accessed November 2003) .
  • Carney , D. 1998 . Implementing the sustainable livelihoods approach . Carney , D. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: What Contribution Can We Make? , 3 – 23 . Department for International Development , London .
  • Clark , G. 1994 . Onions are My Husband: Survival and Accumulation by West African Market Women , Chicago : University of Chicago .
  • Chambers , R. & Conway , G. 1992 . Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century . Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper 296. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton .
  • Collymore , Y. 2005 . Gender Equality: New Opportunities for Moving Ahead , New York : Population Reference Bureau .
  • de Haan , L.J. and Zoomers , A. 2005 . Exploring the frontier of livelihood research . Development and Change , 36 ( 1 ) : 27 – 47 .
  • Dickson , K.B. 1969 . Historical Geography of Ghana , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .
  • Dickson , K.B. and Benneh , G. 1998 . A New Geography of Ghana , London : Longman .
  • Dolphyne , A.F. 1991 . The Emancipation of Women: An African Perspective , Accra : Ghana University Press .
  • Ellis , F. 2003 . A Livelihoods Approach to Migration and Poverty Reduction . www.livelihoods.org/emailupdate/march2004/emailupdate.htm1-42k (accessed March 2004) .
  • Ghana Statistical Service . 2000 . Poverty Trends in Ghana in the 1990s . Ghana Statistical Service , Accra .
  • Ghana Statistical Service . 2002 . 2000 Population and Housing Census . Ghana Statistical Service , Accra .
  • Ghana Statistical Service . 2007 . Poverty Trends in Ghana in the 1990s . Ghana Statistical Service , Accra .
  • Government of Ghana . 2003a . Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2003 – 2005: An Agenda for Growth and Prosperity . National Development Planning Commission, Government of Ghana , Accra .
  • Government of Ghana . 2003b . An Agenda for Growth and Prosperity: Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2003–2005: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan . National Development Planning Commission , Accra .
  • Government of Ghana . 2005a . Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS II) (2006–2009) . Vol. 1 . Policy Framework. National Development Planning Commission , Government of Ghana , Accra .
  • Government of Ghana . 2005b . The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana for the 2006 Financial Year . Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning , Accra .
  • Government of Ghana . 2007 . Implementation of the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2006–2009: Annual Progress Report . National Development Planning Commission , Accra .
  • International Development Association . 2007 . Ghana: Accelerated Growth to Halve Poverty . http://www.worldbank.org/ida (accessed May 2007) .
  • Kourany , J.A. , Sterba , J.P. and Tong , R. 1992 . Feminist Philosophies: Problems, Theories, and Applications , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Moser , C. 1998 . The asset vulnerability framework: Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies . World Development , 26 ( 2 ) : 1 – 19 .
  • Narayan , D. 2000 . Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Obeng , S.A. 1999 . A Sociological Study of Rural Poverty in Two Selected Villages in the Kwahu South District of Ghana . Master's thesis, Department of Sociology , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast .
  • Oppong , C. 1981 . Middle Class African Marriage , London : Allen and Unwin .
  • Poverty Environment Partnership . 2005a . Diamond-based Growth in Botswana . www.povertyenvironment.net/case%Botswana.pdf (accessed 16 May 2007) .
  • Poverty Environment Partnership . 2005b . Forest Rehabilitation in Ethiopia . www.povertyenvironment.net/case%Ethiopia.pdf (accessed 16 May 2007) .
  • Poverty Environment Partnership . 2005c . Wildlife Conservancies in Namibia , www.povertyenvironment.net/case%Namibia.pdf (accessed 16 May 2007) .
  • Poverty Environment Partnership . 2005d . Wildlife Management in Zimbabwe . www.povertyenvironment.net/case%Zimbabwe.pdf (accessed 16 May 2007) .
  • Robertson , C. 1974 . Economic women in Africa: Profit-making techniques of Accra market women . Journal of Modern African Studies , 12 : 657 – 664 .
  • Sarpong , P.K. 1977 . Ashanti Nubility Rites , Tema : Ghana Publishing Corporation .
  • Tanle , A. and Awusabo-Asare , K. 2007 . The Kaya-yei phenomenon in Ghana: Female migration from the Upper West Region to Kumasi and Accra . The Oguaa Journal of Social Science , 4 ( 2 ) : 139 – 164 .
  • United Nations Development Programme . 1999 . Human Development Report 1999 . Oxford University Press , New York .
  • United Nations Development Programme . 2000a . Overcoming Human Poverty . Oxford University Press , New York .
  • United Nations Development Programme . 2000b . Human Development Report 2000 . Oxford University Press , New York .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.