868
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
research article

Exploring Affordances: Late Neolithic and Bronze Age Settlement Locations and Human-Environment Engagements in Southeast Norway

REFERENCES

  • Ambrosiani, B., 1964. Fornlämningar och bebyggelse. Stockholm: Kungliga vitenhets historie och antikvitets akademien.
  • Arnoldussen, S., 2008. A living landscape. Bronze age settlement sites in the Dutch river area (c. 2000-800 BC). Leiden: Sidestone Press.
  • Artursson, M., 2009. Bebyggelse och samhällsstruktur. Södra och mellersta Skandinavien under senneolitikum och bronsålder 2300-500 f.Kr. Gothenburg: Riksantikvarieämbetet.
  • Bertrand, S., and Roberts, A.S. 2022. Adding trees to farms can mitigate climate change and increase Resilience. Environmental and Energy Study Institute [online]. https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/adding-trees-to-farms-can-mitigate-climate-change-and-increase-resilience. [Accessed 27 July 2023].
  • Bishop, R.R., et al., 2022. Scotland’s first farmers: new insights into early farming practices in North-west Europe. Antiquity, 98 (389), 1–18. doi:10.15184/aqy.2022.107.
  • Bogaard, A., 2002. Questioning the relevance of shifting cultivation to Neolithic farming in the loess belt of Europe: evidence from the Hambach Forest experiment. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 11 (1–2), 155–168. doi:10.1007/s003340200017.
  • Bogaard, A., and Jones, G., 2007. Neolithic farming in Britain and central Europe: contrast or continuity? In: A. Whittle and V. Cummings, eds. Going over: the mesolithic-neolithic transition in north-west Europe. London: British Academy, pp. 357–375.
  • Bondetti, M., et al., 2021. Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 13 (141), 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12520-021-01412-2.
  • Bradley, R., 1991. Rock art and the perception of landscape. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1 (1), 77–101. doi:10.1017/S0959774300000263.
  • Brink, S., 2008. Landskap och plats som mentala konstruktioner. In: K. Chilidis, J. Lund, and C. Prescott, eds. Facets of archeology. Essays in honour of Lotte Hedeager on her 60th Birthday. Oslo: UniPub, pp. 109–120.
  • Clutton-Brock, J., 2012. Animals as domesticates. A world view through history. East Lansing, Mich: Michigan State University Press.
  • Cummings, V., 2013. The anthropology of hunter-gatherers : key themes for archaeologists. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Earle, T., and Kristiansen, K., 2010. Introduction: theory and practice in the late prehistory of Europe. In: T. Earle and K. Kristiansen, eds. Organizing bronze age societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–33.
  • Eriksson, O., Cousins, S.A.O., and Bruun, H.H., 2002. Land-use history and fragmentation of traditionally managed grasslands in Scandinavia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13 (5), 743–748. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02102.x.
  • Eriksson, S., Wallentinus, H.-G., and Røe, K., 1986. Naturen om vinteren. Oslo: Cappelen.
  • Eve, S.J., and Crema, E.R., 2014. A house with a view? multi-model inference, visibility fields, and point process analysis of a bronze age settlement on Leskernick Hill (Cornwall, UK). Journal of Archaeological Science, 43, 267–277. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.12.019
  • Fossum, G., 2014. Solum 2 og Solum 3. Lokaliteter med Nøklegårdspisser fra senneolitikum/eldre bronsealder. In: G. Reitan and P. Persson, eds. Vestfoldbaneprosjektet. Arkeologiske undersøkelser i forbindelse med ny jernbane mellom Larvik og Porsgrunn. Bind 2. Seinmesolittiske, neolittiske og yngre lokaliteter i Vestfold og Telemark. Oslo: Portal forlag and Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, pp. 256–278. 10.23865/noasp.62.
  • Gaffney, V., and Stančič, Z., 1991. GIS approaches to regional analysis: a case study of the island of Hvar. Ljubljana: Znanstveni institut Filozofske fakultete.
  • Gibson, J.J., 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Gillings, M., 2009. Visual affordance, landscape, and the megaliths of Alderney. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 28 (4), 335–356. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2009.00332.x.
  • Gillings, M., 2012. Landscape phenomenology, GIS and the role of Affordance. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 19 (4), 601–611. doi:10.1007/s10816-012-9137-4.
  • Gjerde, J.M., 2002. Lokalisering av helleristninger i landskapet. In: J. Goldhahn, ed. Bilder av bronsålder - ett seminarium om förhistorisk kommunikation. Rapport från ett seminarium på Vitlycke Museum 19.e-22.e oktober 2000. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, pp. 23–51.
  • Goldhahn, J., and Ling, J., 2013. Bronze age rock art in Northern Europe: contexts and interpretations. In: A. Harding and H. Fokkens, eds. The oxford handbook of the European bronze age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 270–290. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572861.013.0015.
  • Grimsrud, O., 1999. Rapport fra utgravning av boplasspor på Arctander, Bryne 21/242, 244 og 253, Farsund kommune, Vest-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-80931.
  • Gron, K.J., and Rowley-Conwy, P., 2017. Herbivore diets and the anthropogenic environment of early farming in southern Scandinavia. The Holocene, 27 (1), 98–109. doi:10.1177/0959683616652705.
  • Hamilton, S., et al., 2006. Phenomenology in practice: towards a methodology for a ‘subjective’ approach. European Journal of Archaeology, 9 (1), 31–71. doi:10.1177/1461957107077704.
  • Haraway, D.J., 2008. When species meet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Harding, A.F., 2000. European societies in the Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hauge, S., 2007. Symbolsk alkymisme. Maktrelasjoner i bronsealderen i Farsund og Lyngdal. Master's Thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo. http://hdl.handle.net/10852/23155.
  • Heidegger, M., 1962. Being and Time. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Heras-Escribano, M., and De Pinedo-García, M., 2018. Affordances and landscapes: overcoming the Nature–Culture Dichotomy through niche construction theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–15. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02294
  • Hjørungdal, T., 2019. Arkeologen möter bävern. Aspekter på en ambivalent bekantskap. In Situ Archaeologica, 13, 55–80. doi:10.58323/insi.v13.12637
  • Høeg, H.I., 2003. Pollenanalytiske undersøkelser a liten myr og rydningsrøys på boplass Torpum 9 samt gammelåkerlag på Stensrød. In: H. Glørstad, ed. Svinesundprosjektet bind 2. Utgravninger avsluttet i 2002. Oslo: Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, pp. 331–346.
  • Høeg, H.I., 2021. Standard pollendiagram for Tjølling, Larvik, Vestfold. In: A. Sand-Eriksen and Mjærum, A. eds., Rapport fra arkeologisk utgravning: Boplass fra seinneolitikum og eldre bronsealder. Løve Mellom 1045/226, Larvik kommune, Vesfold og Telemark. Excavation report. Oslo:Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, pp. 106–110.
  • Høeg, H.I., Henningsmoen, K.E., and Sørensen, R., 2019. Utviklingen av sen-glasial og holocen vegetasjon på Sørøstlandet, presentert i et 14C-datert standard pollendiagram. Blyttia, 77 (2), 103–115.
  • Holst, M.K., et al., 2013. Bronze age ‘herostrats’: ritual, political, and Domestic Economies in early bronze age Denmark. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 79, 265–296. doi:10.1017/ppr.2013.14.
  • Ingold, T., 1992. Culture and the perception of the environment. In: E. Croll and D. Bush, eds. Bush base, forest farm. culture, environment and development. London: Routledge, pp. 39–56.
  • Ingold, T., 1993. The temporality of the landscape. World Archaeology, 25 (2), 152–174. doi:10.1080/00438243.1993.9980235.
  • Ingold, T., 1994. Introduction. In: T. Ingold, ed. What is an animal?. London: Routledge, pp. 1–17. 10.1016/B978-1-85617-198-4.50004-7.
  • Ingold, T., 2000. The perception of the environment. Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. London: Routledge.
  • Ingold, T., 2007. Earth, sky, wind, and weather. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 13 (s1), S19–S38. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00401.x.
  • Jaksland, L., and Bugge, M.K., 2012. Nøklegård 1 - Lokalitet fra senneolitikum. In: L. Jaksland, ed. E18 Brunlanesprosjektet Bind III. Undersøkte lokaliteter fra tidligneolitkum og senere. Oslo: Museum of Cultural History, pp. 199–228.
  • Jerpåsen, G.B., 2009. Application of visual archaeological landscape analysis: some results. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 42 (2), 123–145. doi:10.1080/00293650903351052.
  • Johansen, E., 1956. Landskapet og den eldste historien. In: L. Opstad, ed. Rygge. Bind II. Bygdehistorie inntil 1800. Moss: Rygge Sparebank, pp. 7–151.
  • Johansen, K.L., Laursen, S.T., and Kähler, M.H., 2004. Spatial patterns of social organization in the early bronze age of South Scandinavia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 23 (1), 33–55. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2003.10.002.
  • Johnson, M.H., 2012. Phenomenological approaches in landscape archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41 (1), 269–284. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145840.
  • Jones, M., 2007. Seasonality and landscape in Northern Europe: an introductory exploration. In: H. Palang, H. Sooväli, and A. Printsmann, eds. Seasonal landscapes. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 17–60. 10.1007/1-4020-4990-0_2.
  • Kaldal, I., 2022. Skogens menn. Minner og myter om hoggere og fløtere. Oslo: Aschehoug.
  • Kile-Vesvik, J., 2014. Bosetning, fotgrøft og produksjonspor. Rom Vestre, Vol. 156/1, 2, p. 154, Lyngdal, Vest-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-58609.
  • Knappett, C., 2004. The affordances of things: a Post-Gibsonian Perspectiveon the Relationality of Mind and matter. In: E. DeMarrais, C. Gosden, and C. Renfrew, eds. Rethinking materiality : the engagement of mind with the material world. Cambridge: McDonald institute for archaeological research, pp. 43–51.
  • Kristiansen, K., 1978. Bebyggelse, erhvervsstrategi of arealsudnyttelse i Danmarks bronzealder. Fortid og Nutid, 27, 320–345.
  • Kristiansen, K., 1998. Europe before history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kristiansen, K., 2006. Cosmology, economy and long-term change in the bronze age of Northern Europe. In: K.-G. Sjögren ed. Ecology and Economy in Stone Age and bronze Age scania, pp. 171–193.
  • Kristiansen, K., 2010. Decentralized complexity: the case of bronze age Northern Europe. In: T.D. Price and G.M. Feinman, eds. Pathways to power. New perspectives on the emergence of social inequality. New York: Springer New York, pp. 169–192. 10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_7.
  • Kvamme, K., 2020. Analysing regional environmental relationships. In: M. Gillings, P. Hacıgüzeller, and G. Lock, eds. Archaeological spatial analysis. A methodological Guide. London: Routledge, pp. 212–230. 10.4324/9781351243858-12.
  • Lake, M.W., and Woodman, P.E., 2003. Visibility studies in archaeology: a review and case study. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30 (5), 689–707. doi:10.1068/b29122.
  • Lê, S., Josse, J., and Husson, F., 2008. FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 25 (1), 1–18. doi:10.18637/jss.v025.i01.
  • Ling, J., 2005. The fluidity of rock art. In: J. Goldhahn, ed. Mellan sten och järn. Rapport från det 9:e nordiska bronsålderssymposiet. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, pp. 437–460.
  • Ling, J., Earle, T., and Kristiansen, K., 2018. Maritime mode of production: raiding and trading in seafaring chiefdoms. Current Anthropology, 59 (5), 488–524. doi:10.1086/699613.
  • Llobera, M., 1996. Exploring the topography of mind: GIS, social space and archaeology. Antiquity, 70 (269), 612–622. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00083745.
  • Lund, J., and Arwill-Nordenbladh, E., 2016. Divergent ways of relating to the past in the Viking Age. European Journal of Archaeology, 19 (3), 415–438. doi:10.1080/14619571.2016.1193979.
  • Madsen, T., and Jensen, H.J., 1982. Settlement and land use in early neolithic Denmark. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia, 15, 63–86.
  • Maring, R., and Riede, F., 2019. Possible wild boar management during the ertebølle period. A Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Mesolithic wild boar from Fannerup F, Denmark. Environmental Archaeology, 24 (1), 15–27. doi:10.1080/14614103.2018.1516328.
  • Melheim, A.L., and Sand-Eriksen, A., 2020. Rock art and trade networks: from Scandinavia to the Italian alps. Open Archaeology, 6 (1), 86–106. doi:10.1515/opar-2020-0101.
  • Mjærum, A., 2020. The emergence of mixed farming in eastern Norway. Agricultural History Review, 68 (1), 1–21.
  • Mjærum, A., Loftsgarden, K., and Solheim, S., 2022. Human-vegetation dynamics in holocene south-eastern Norway based on radiocarbon dated charcoal from archaeological excavations. The Holocene, 32 (7), 690–702. doi:10.1177/09596836221088242.
  • Moen, A., 1999. National atlas of Norway: vegetation. Hønefoss: National Mapping Authority.
  • Møllerop, O., 1963. Fra Rogalands eldre bronsealder. Stavanger: Stavanger Mus. Årb.
  • Monbiot, G., 2022. Regenesis. London: Penguin Books.
  • Morter, J., and Robb, J., 1998. Space, gender and architecture in the southern Italian Neolithic. In: R. Whitehouse, ed. Gender and Italian archaeology. Challenging the stereotypes. London: Accordia Research Institute and Institute of Archaeology, UCL, pp. 83–94.
  • Nesje, A., et al., 2011. The climatic significance of artefacts related to prehistoric reindeer hunting exposed at melting ice patches in southern Norway. The Holocene, 22 (4), 485–496. doi:10.1177/0959683611425552.
  • Nielsen, S.V., et al., 2023. Hunting, fishing, gardening: re-evaluating middle neolithic mobility and cultural diversity on the Norwegian skagerrak coast. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 51, 51. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104139.
  • Noble, G., 2017. Woodland in the neolithic of Northern Europe. The forest as ancestor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nyland, A., Hofmann, D., and Iversen, R., 2023. The blurry Third Millennium. “Neolithisation” in a Norwegian context. Open Archaeology, 9 (1), 1–32. doi:10.1515/opar-2022-0287.
  • Olausson, D., 1992. The archaeology of the bronze age cultural landscape – research goals, methods, and results. In: L. Larsson, J. Callmer, and B. Stjernquist, eds. The Archaeology of the Cultural Landscape. Field work and research in a south Swedish rural region. Lund: Institute of Archaeology and the Historical Museum, pp. 251–282.
  • Olsen, B., 2014. A sense of snow. In: H.C. Gulløv, P.A. Toft, and C.P. Hansgaard, eds. Northern worlds – challenges and solutions. Report from workshop 2 at the national museum, 1 November 2011. Denmark: The National Museum, pp. 9–23.
  • Olsen, D.E.F., 2020. Jakt og fangst på Hardangervidda og Nordfjella 4000–1500 f.Kr. Regionalitet, kulturell variasjon og sosiale endringsprosesser i neolitikum og eldre bronsealder[online]. Thesis (PhD). Bergen: University of Bergen. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3034157. [accessed 1 November 2022].
  • Oma, K.A., 2018. The sheep people: the ontology of making lives, Building Homes and forging herds in early bronze age Norway. Sheffield: Equinox Publishing Limited.
  • Østigård, T., 2021. Vinter og vår i vannets verden: Arkeologi om økologi og jordbrukskosmologi. Ödeshög: Uppsala Universitet.
  • Østmo, E., 1988. Etableringen av jordbrukskulturen i Østfold i steinalderen. Oslo: Universitetets Oldsakssaming.
  • Østmo, E., 1991. Gård og boplass i østnorsk oldtid og middelalder. Aktuelle oppgaver for forskning og forvaltning. Oslo: Universitetets Oldsaksamling.
  • Østmo, E., 1993. Hellerbosetning i østnorsk yngre steinalder. Utgravingen av Sandtrahelleren i Tjølling, Larvik, Vestfold. Universitetets Oldsaksamling Årbok 1991/1992. Oslo: Oldsakssamlingens Forsknings og publiseringskomite, pp. 87–102.
  • Post-Melby, J., and Bergstøl, J., 2020. Fangstgroper og ledegjerder fra steinalder til jernalder i Elverum. In: C. Rødsrud and A. Mjærum, eds. Ingen vei utenom. Arkeologiske undersøkelser i forbindelse med etablering av ny rv. 3/25 i Løten og Elverum kommuner, Innlandet. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, pp. 297–309.
  • Prøsch-Danielsen, L., 1997. New light on the holocene shore displacement curve on Lista, the southernmost part of Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 51 (2), 83–101. doi:10.1080/00291959708552368.
  • Prøsch-Danielsen, L., Prescott, C., and Holst, M.K., 2018. Economic and social zones during the late Neolithic/Early bronze age in Jæren, Southwest Norway. Reconstructing large-scale land-use patterns. Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 93 (1), 48–88. doi:10.1515/pz-2018-0002.
  • Puschmann, O., 2005. Nasjonalt referansesystem for landskap. Beskrivelse av Norges 45 landskapsregioner. NIJOS rapport 10/05. Ås: Norsk institutt for jord- og skogkartlegging
  • R Core Team, 2020. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available from: https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Reimer, P.J., et al., 2020. The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62 (4), 725–757. doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.41.
  • Reitan, G., 2008. Bosetningsspor fra yngre bronsealder, eldre- og yngre jernalder og middelalder, dyrkningsspor fra jernalder, samt produksjonsplass med esser fra eldre jernalder. Moi (Gnr.12/1,2,3,4), Bygland kommune, Aust-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-58975.
  • Risbøl, O., Petersen, T., and Jerpåsen, G.B., 2013. Approaching a mortuary monument landscape using GIS- and ALS-Generated 3D models. International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era, 2 (4), 509–525. doi:10.1260/2047-4970.2.4.509.
  • Røberg, F., 2012a. Bosetnings- og aktivitetsspor. Larønningen, Vol. 221/2138, Skien, Telemark. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-58582.
  • Røberg, F., 2012b. Bosetnings- og aktivitetsspor. Larønningen vest, Bybakken, Vol. 221/2/3, Skien, Telemark. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-58584.
  • Romundset, A., Fredin, O., and Høgaas, F., 2014. A holocene sea-level curve and revised isobase map based on isolation basins from near the southern tip of Norway. Boreas, 44 (2), 383–400. doi:10.1111/bor.12105.
  • Rosvold, J., et al., 2010. The rise and fall of wild boar in a northern environment: evidence from stable isotopes and subfossil finds. The Holocene, 20 (7), 1113–1121. doi:10.1177/0959683610369505.
  • Rowley-Conwy, P., Albarella, U., and Dobney, K., 2012. Distinguishing wild boar from domestic pigs in prehistory: a review of approaches and recent results. Journal of World Prehistory, 25 (1), 1–44. doi:10.1007/s10963-012-9055-0.
  • Rowley-Conwy, P., and Dobney, K., 2007. Wild boar and domestic pigs in mesolithic and Neolithic southern Scandinavia. In: U. Albarella, K. Dobney, A. Ervynck, and P. Rowley-Conwy, eds. Pigs and humans. 10,000 years of interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–155. 10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0016.
  • Russ, H., 2013. Gravfelt, bosetningsområde og kokegropfelt fra romertid til vikingtid, Klepland, 73/1, 2, 3 m.fl., Søgne kommune, Vest-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-54709.
  • Sand-Eriksen, A., and Mjærum, A., 2023. Late neolithic and early bronze age settlements and agro-pastoral developments in the Oslo Fjord area, southeastern Norway. Danish Journal of Archaeology, 12 (1), 1–28. doi:10.7146/dja.v12i1.134206.
  • Sandilands, C., 2021. Plants. In: J. Cohen and S. Foote, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Environmental Humanities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 156–169.
  • Shackleton, C., and Prins, F.E., 1992. Charcoal analysis and the “principle of least effort”—A conceptual model. Journal of Archaeological Science, 19 (6), 631–637. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(92)90033-Y.
  • Shennan, S., 1997. Quantifying archaeology. 2nd ed. Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Sjöstrand, Y., 2011. Med Algen i Huvudrollen. Om Fångstgropar, Hällbilder och Skärvstensvallar i Mellersta Norrland. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
  • Solheim, S., 2021. Dataset timing the emergence and development of arable farming in Southeastern Norway by using summed probability distribution of radiocarbon dates and a Bayesian age model [online data repository]. Radiocarbon, 63 (5), 1503–1524. Accessed 16 February 2023 Available from 10.1017/RDC.2021.80
  • Sørensen, R., 2002. Hurumlandskapets utvikling gjennom 300 millioner år. Det norske vitenskaps-Akademi. Årbok, 1999. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, pp. 323–333.
  • Sørensen, R., 2014. Holocene landhevningsstudier i søndre Vestfold of sørøstre Telemark – revidert kurve. In: S. Melvold and P. Persson, eds. Vestfoldbaneprosjektet. Arkeologiske undersøkelser i forbindelse med ny jernbane mellom Larvik og Porsgrunn. Bind 1. Tidlig- og mellommesolittiske lokaliteter i Vestfold og Telemark. Oslo: Oslo: Portal forlag and Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, pp. 36–47. 10.23865/noasp.61.
  • Spencer, C., and Bevan, A., 2018. Settlement location models, archaeological survey data and social change in bronze age Crete. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 52, 71–86. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.09.001
  • Stiner, M.C., and Kuhn, S.L., 2016. Are we missing the “sweet spot” between optimality theory and niche construction theory in archaeology? Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 44, 177–184. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2016.07.006
  • Stokke, J.S., 2020. Gravfelt, kokegropfelt og bosetningsspor. Eidsten 4103/12, Mellom Holhjem 4105/3, Nordre Holhjem 4106/2. Larvik, Vestfold: Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-78684.
  • Stokke, J.S., Viken, S. and Zawalska, J., 2019. Bosetningsspor, steinalderlokalitet og hellere. E39 Søgne 2017. Klepland, 73/2, 6, 7, 10, 21. Tangvall, 72/1, 112. Ospedalen, 49/4, 19. Tofteland, 74/75. Søgne, Vest-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-73986.
  • Tesch, S., 1980. Ett par bronseåldermiljöer med huslämnigar i Skåne och Södermansland. In: H. Thane, ed. Broncealderbebyggelse i Norden. Beretninger fra det andet nordiske symposium for broncealderforskning. Odense 9.-11. april 1980. Odense: Skrifter fra historisk institut, Odense Universitet, pp. 83–101.
  • Tilley, C., 1994. A phenomenology of landscape. Places, paths and monuments. Oxford: Berg.
  • Trigger, B.G., 1968. The determinants of settlement patterns. In: K.C. Chang, ed. Settlement archaeology. Palo Alto, CA: National Press, pp. 53–78.
  • Vandkilde, H., 1996. From stone to bronze : the metalwork of the late neolithic and earliest bronze age in Denmark. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
  • Vera, F., and Vera, F.W.M., 2000. Grazing ecology and forest history. Oxford: CABI Publishing. doi:10.1079/9780851994420.0000.
  • Viken, S., 2019. Bosetningsspor fra bronsealder og eldre jernalder. Homme, 52/25, Lindesnes, Vest-Agder. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-70485.
  • Vita-Finiz, C., and Higgs, E.S., 1970. Prehistoric economy in the Mount Carmel Area of Palestine: site catchment analysis. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 36, 1–37. doi:10.1017/S0079497X00013074.
  • Vretemark, M., 2010. Subsistence Strategies. In: T. Earle and K. Kristiansen, eds. Organizing bronze age societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 155–184.
  • Wandersee, J.H., and Schussler, E.E., 1999. Preventing plant blindness. The American Biology Teacher, 61 (2), 82–86. doi:10.2307/4450624.
  • Wehlin, J., et al., 2023. Hunter‑gatherer farming during the first millennium BCE in inland, boreal landscapes: new pollen analytical and archaeological evidence from Dalarna, central Sweden. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 1–19. 10.1007/s00334-023-00933-1.
  • Weiser-Aall, L., 1953. Vassbæring i Norge. Oslo: Norsk Folkemuseum.
  • Wernke, S.A., Kohut, L.E., and Traslaviña, A., 2017. A GIS of affordances: movement and visibility at a planned colonial town in highland Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science, 84, 22–39. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.004
  • Wheatley, D., 1993. Going over old ground: gIS, archaeological theory and the Act of Perception. In: J. Andresen, T. Madsen, and I. Scollar, eds. Computing the past. Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 133–138.
  • Wieckowska-Lüth, M., et al., 2018. Towards a refined understanding of the use of coastal zones in the mesolithic: new investigations on human–environment interactions in telemark, southeastern Norway. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 17, 839–851. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.045.
  • Wieckowska-Lüth, M., Kirleis, W., and Doerfler, W., 2017. Holocene history of landscape development in the catchment of Lake Skogstjern, southeastern Norway, based on a high-resolution multi-proxy record. The Holocene, 27 (12), 1928–1947. doi:10.1177/0959683617715691.