THE BEHAVIOUR OF PALEWINGED STARLINGS AND A COMPARISON WITH OTHER ONYCHOGNATHVS SPECIES

References

• Archer , G. and Godman , E. M. 1961 . The birds of British Somaliland and the Gulf of Aden London : Oliver & Boyd . IV
   Google Scholar
• Bannerman , D. A. 1948 . The birds of tropical West Africa Edinburgh & London : Oliver & Boyd . VI
   Google Scholar
• Bigger , W. K. 1931 . Migrations of Cinnyris Onychognathus in Palestine. . Ibis , 1 : 584 – 584 . (13th ser
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , T. R. and Clarkson , K. 1984 . Ceremonial gathering of the magpie Pica pica territory probing and acquisition. . Behaviour , 94 : 324 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanford , W. J. 1870 . Observations on the geology and zoology of Abyssinia London : MacMillan & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Broekhuysen , G. J. 1951 . Some observations on the nesting activities of the Redwing Starling, Onychognathus morio morio and especially the feeding of the young. . Ostrich , 22 : 6 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. H. 1965 . Redwinged starlings of Kenya. . Jl E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. , 25 : 41 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. H. and Thorogood , K. M. 1976 . Ecology and breeding habits of the White-billed Starling Onychognathus albirostris in Tigrai, Ethiopia. . Bull. Brit. Orn. Club , 96 : 60 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Buechel , H. P. 1983 . Beitrage zum Sozialverhalten der Alpendohle . Pyrrhocorax graculus. Orn. Beob. , 80 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Catchpole , C. K. 1978 . Interspecific territorialism and competition in Acrocephalus warblers as revealed by playlack experiments in areas of sympatry and allopatry. . Anim. Behav. , 26 : 1072 – 1080 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapin , J. P. 1954 . The birds of the Belgian Congo, Part 4. . Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , 75B : 1 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Collett , J. 1982 . Birds of the Cradock district. . Sth. Birds , 9 : 1 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , A. 1986 . Redwinged Starlings. . Diaz Diary , 157 : 8
   Google Scholar
• Craig , A. J.F.K. 1989 . A review of the biology of the Blackbellied Starling and other African forest starlings. . Ostrich suppl. , 14 : 17 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , A. J.F.K. and Hartley , A. H. 1985 . The arrangement and structure of feather melanin granules as a taxonomic character in African starlings (Sturnidae). . Auk , 102 : 629 – 632 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , A. J.F.K. , Hulley , P. E. and Walter , G. H. 1989 . Nesting of sympatric Redwinged and Palewinged Starlings. . Ostrich , 60 : 69 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crook , J. H. 1961 . The evolution of social organisation and visual communication in the weaver birds (Ploceinae. . Behaviour suppl. , 10 : 1 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , W. R.J. , Huntley , M. A. , Huntley , B. J. and Vernon , C. J. 1987 . Notes on some birds of Angola. . Durban Mus. Novit. , 14 ( 4 ) : 43 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodd , A. F. 1953 . The nest of the Red-winged Starling. . Afr. Wildlife , 7 : 60 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Dowsett , R. J. and Stjernstedt , R. 1973 . The birds of the Mafinga mountains. . Puku , 7 : 107 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Dowsett-Lemaire , F. 1983 . Studies of a breeding population of Waller's Redwinged Starlings in montane forests of south-central Africa. . Ostrich , 54 : 105 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowsett-Lemaire , F. 1985 . Breeding productivity and the non-breeding element in some montane forest birds in Malawi, south-central Africa. . Biotropica , 17 : 137 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowsett-Lemaire , F. 1988 . Fruit choice and seed dissemination by birds and mammals in the evergreen forests of upland Malawi. . Rev. Ecol. , 43 : 251 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Everitt , C. 1964 . Breeding the Red-winged Starling . Avicult. Mag. , 70 : 133 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , B. P. and Morfau , R. E. 1970 . An atlas of speciation in African passerine birds London : Britis Museum (Natural History) .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , C. J.O. 1963a . “Open-billed allopreening” b Rothschild's Grackle . Leucopsar rothschildi. Ibis , 185 : 118 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , C. J.O. 1963b . The displays of some starlings (Sturnidae), and their taxonomic value. . Ardea , 51 : 44 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , C. J.O. 1965 . Allopreening as agonistic behaviour. . Behaviour , 24 : 161 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoesch , W. and Niethammer , G. 1940 . Die Vogelwelt Deutsch- Suedwestafrikas namentlich des Damaraund Namalandes. . J. Orn. , 88 Sonderheft
   Google Scholar
• Hofshi , H. , Gersani , M. and Katzir , G. 1987a . Urban nesting of Tristram's Grackles Onychognathus tristramii in Israel. . Ostrich , 58 : 156 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofshi , H. , Gersani , M. and Katzir , G. 1987b . A case of infanticide among Tristram's Grackles . Onychognathus tristramii. Ibis , 129 : 389 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holub , E. and Von Pelzeln , A. 1882 . Beitraege zur Ornithologie Suedafrikas Wien : A. Hoelder. .
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , M. P.S. 1981 . The birds of Zimbabwe Salisbury : Quest .
   Google Scholar
• Kieser , J. A. and Kieser , G. A. 1978 . Birds of the De Aar district. . Sth. Birds , 5 : 1 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , G. 1930 . Bewegungstudien an Voegeln des Berliner Zoologischen Gartens. . J. Orn. , 78 : 257 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz , K. 1941 . Vergleichende Bewegungstudien an Anatinen. . J. Orn. , 79 Sonderheft
   Google Scholar
• Lynes , H. 1934 . Contribution to the ornithology of southern Tanganyika territory. . J. Orn. , 82 Sonderheft
   Google Scholar
• Moreau , R. E. and Sclater , W. L. 1938 . The avifauna of the mountains along the Rift Valley in north central Tanganyika Territory (Mbulu District). . Ibis , 2 : 1 – 32 . (14th ser.)
   Google Scholar
• Morel , G. J. 1985 . Les oiseaux des milieux rocheux au Senegal. . Malimbus , 7 : 115 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Mungure , S. A. 1973 . “ Nest of Red-wing Starling ” . In Onychognathus morio. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bull. 52
   Google Scholar
• Ogilvie-Grant , W. R. and Forbes , H. O. 1903 . “ Aves. ” . In The natural history of Sokotra and Abd-El-Kuri. Edited by: Forbes , H. O. 19 – 72 . London : R.H. Porter .
   Google Scholar
• Paget-Wilkes , A. H. 1924 . Notes on the birds of the Grahamstown district, Cape Province, South Africa. . Ibis , 6 : 720 – 763 . (11th ser.)
   Google Scholar
• Penzhorn , B. L. 1981 . Association between birds and mountain zebras. . Ostrich , 52 : 63 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto , A. A. da R. and Lamm , D. W. 1956 . Contribution to the study of the ornithology of Sul do Save (Mozambique). Part III. . Mem. Mus. Dr Alvaro de Castro , 4 : 107 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Ripley , S. D. and Bond , G. M. 1966 . The birds of Socotra and Abd-el-Kuri. . Smithson. Misc. Coll. , 151 : 1 – 37 . (7
   Google Scholar
• Rowan , M. K. 1955 . The breeding biology and behaviour of the Redwinged Starling . Onychognathus morio. Ibis , 97 : 663 – 705 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowan , M. K. 1971 . Adventures of a Red-winged Starling. . Bokmakierie , 23 : 74 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Sclater , W. L. 1911 . On the birds collected by Mr Claude H.B. Grant at various localities in South Africa. . Ibis , 5 : 208 – 316 . (9th ser.)
   Google Scholar
• Skead , C. J. 1952 . A study of the Black Crow . Corvus capensis. Ibis , 94 : 434 – 451 .
   Google Scholar
• Sontag , W. A. 1979 . Beobachtungen zum nicht-epiga-men Verhalten des Lappenstars, Creatophora cinerea (Meuschen. . Bonn. zool Beitr. , 30 : 367 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , J. S. 1936 . Birds in the garden. . Ostrich , 7 : 45 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomsen , F. 1907 . Locust birds in the Transvaal. . J. S. Afr. Orn. Un. , 3 : 56 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Tinbergen , N. 1959 . Comparative studies of the behaviour of gulls (Laridae): a progress report. . Behaviour , 15 : 1 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Urban , E. K. , Brown , L. H. , Buer , C. E. and Place , G. D. 1970 . Four descriptions of nesting, previously undescribed, from Ethiopia. . Bull. Brit. Orn. Club , 90 : 162 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Verheyen , R. F. 1970 . Description et signification des poursuites sexuelles des etourneaux (sturnus v. vulgaris L.). . Gerfaut , 60 : 287 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , J. 1936 . The birds of northern Portuguese East Africa. . Ibis , 6 : 48 – 124 . (13th ser.)
   Google Scholar