Old Ground Plan - New Insights: The Central Church Compound in Shivta Revised

Bibliography

• Bar-Oz, G., et al., 2019. ‘Ancient trash mounds unravel urban collapse a century before the end of Byzantine hegemony in the Southern Levant’, PNAS: Proceedings of the American National Academy of Sciences 116, 8239–8248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Pechat, M., 1990. ‘Baptism and monasticism in the Holy Land: Archaeological and literal evidence’, in G. C. Bottini, L. Di Segni and F. Alliata (eds.), Christian Archaeology in the Holy Land. New Discoveries, Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bollók, Á., and Tepper, Y., 2021. ‘The changing fashion of belt accessories in the Southern Levant: Sixth- to Seventh-Century Belt Accessories from Shivta’, Liber Annuus 71, 441-492. <https://doi.org/10.1484/J.LA.5.130767>.
   Google Scholar
• Colt, H. D., 1962. Excavations at Nessana, I, London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Dauphin, C. M., 1985. ‘Reviews, notes and news (Segal, A., The Byzantine City of Shivtah (Esbeita) Negev Desert, Israel)’, PEQ 117, 154–156. <https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.1985.117.2.149>.
   Google Scholar
• Dauphin, C., 1987. ‘Les komai de Palestine,’ Proche Orient Chrétien 3, 257–67.
   Google Scholar
• Di Segni L., 1997. Dated Greek Inscriptions from Palestine from the Roman and Byzantine Periods (unpublished doctoral thesis), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Di Segni, L., 2016. ‘On the contribution of epigraphy to the identification of Monastic Foundations’, in J. Patrich, O. Peleg-Barkat and E. Ben-Yosef (eds), Arise, Walk through the Land: Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Land of Israel in Memory of Yizhar Hirschfeld on the Tenth Anniversary of his Demise, Jerusalem: The Israel Exploration Society, 185*–198*.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, W., and Tepper, Y., 2021. ‘A Stamp with Latin inscription from Sobata/Shivta in the Negev’, Scripta Classica Israelica 40, 141–150.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott, J. D., 1982. The Elusa Oikoumene: A Geographical Analysis of an Ancient Desert Ecosystem Based on Archaeological, Environmental, Ethnographic, and Historical Data (unpublished M.A. thesis), Mississippi State University, Mississippi.
   Google Scholar
• Fiema, Z. T., 2006. ‘City and countryside in Byzantine Palestine. Prosperity in question’, in A. S. Lewin and P. Pellegrini (eds), Settlements and Demography in the Near East in Late Antiquity, Proceedings of the Colloquium in Matera, 19–27 October 2005. Biblioteca di ‘Mediterraneo antico’, 2, Pisa/Roma, 67–88.
   Google Scholar
• Fiema, Z. T., 2008. ‘The concluding remarks’, in Z. T. Fiema and J. Frösén, (eds), Petra-The Mountain of Aaron. The Finnish Archaeological Project in Jordan. I: The Church and the Chapel, Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 425–441.
   Google Scholar
• Figueras, P., 1995. ‘Monks and monasteries in the Negev Desert’, Liber Annuus 45, 401–450.
   Google Scholar
• Figueras, P., 2004. Horvat Karkur `Illit. Beer Sheva 7. Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East, Beer Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuks, D., Weiss, E., Tepper, Y., and Bar-Oz, G., 2016. ‘Seeds of collapse? Reconstructing the ancient agricultural economy at Shivta in the Negev’, Antiquity, 353. <https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.167>.
   Google Scholar
• Golan, K., 2020. Architectural Sculpture in the Byzantine Negev; Characterization and Meaning, Archeology of the Biblical Worlds 3, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld, Y., 1997. ‘Farms and villages in Byzantine Palestine’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 51, 33–71.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld, Y., 2003a. ‘Man and society in Byzantine Shivta’, Qadmoniot 125, 2–17 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld, Y., 2003b. ‘Social aspects of the Late-antique village of Shivta’, JRA 16, 395–408.
   Google Scholar
• Kraemer, J. G., 1958. Non–Literary Papyri. Excavations at Nessana 3, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Linn, R., Maayan-Fanar, E., and Tepper, Y., 2023. ‘In situ implementation of imaging techniques reveal key motives in the Early Byzantine wall painting of Christ's Baptism at Shivta, Israel’, Near Eastern Archaeology 86.1, 58–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., Linn, R., Tepper, Y., and Bar-Oz, G., 2018. ‘Christ’s face revealed at Shivta: An Early Byzantine wall painting in the desert of the Holy Land’, Antiquity 36. <https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.150>.
   Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., Linn, R., Tepper, Y., and Bar-Oz, G., 2019. ‘Study of the Early Christian Transfiguration wall painting in Shivta, Israel’, ARAM 31, 201–212.
   Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., and Tepper, Y., 2022a. ‘Sounds in the desert: New evidence of Ambos in Shivta Churches’, PEQ 154. 2, 122; <https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2099115>.
   Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., and Tepper, Y., 2022b. ‘The Baptistery in the North Church of Shivta: Structure, ritual, art’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 115/3, 1–42 <https://doi.org/10.1515/bz-2022-0047>.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., Tepper, Y., and Asscher, Y., 2021. ‘An angel from Shivta’, STRATA 39, 145–167.
   Google Scholar
• Maayan-Fanar, E., and Tepper, Y., 2023. ‘Pictorial graffiti of a horse rider and an orans from Byzantine Shivta: Some thoughts on context and interpretation’, Time and Mind; <https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2023.2285999>.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalit, S., 1987. ‘The North Church of Shivta: The discovery of the first church’, PEQ 119, 106–121.
   Google Scholar
• Margalit, S., 1989. ‘On the transformation of the mono-apsidal churches with two lateral Pastophoria into tri-apsidal churches’, Liber Annuus 39: 143–164.
   Google Scholar
• Michel, Α., 2001. Les églises d’époque byzantine et umayyade de la Jordanie (provinces d’Arabie et de Palestine), Ve-VIIIe siècle, Turnhout: Brepols.
   Google Scholar
• Mikkola, E., Labelma, A, Fiema, T. Z., and Holmgren, R., 2008. ‘The church and the chapel: Data and phasing’, in T. Z. Fiema, and J. Frösén, (eds), Petra-The Mountain of Aaron. The Finnish Archaeological Project in Jordan. I: The Church and the Chapel, Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 99–186.
   Google Scholar
• Musil, A., 1908. Arabia Petraea II Edom Topographischer Reisebericht, Wien: Alfred Hölder.
   Google Scholar
• Negev, A., 1974. ‘The churches of the Central Negev: An archaeological survey’, RB 81/ 3, 400–421.
   Google Scholar
• Negev, A, 1981. The Greek inscriptions from the Negev. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press.
   Google Scholar
• Negev, A., 1989. ‘The Cathedral of Elusa and the new typology and chronology of the Byzantine churches in the Negev’, Liber Annuus 39: 129–142.
   Google Scholar
• Negev, A., 1993. ‘Shivta’, in E. Stern (ed.), The new encyclopedia of archaeological excavations in the Holy Land 4, Jerusalem / London: Israel Exploration Society & Carta / Simon & Schuster,1404–1410
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, E. H., 1871. The Desert of Exodus, Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Patrich, J., 2006. ‘The Transfer of Gifts in the Early Christian Churches of Palestine: Archaeological and Literary Evidence for the Evolution of the “Great Entrance”’, in P. Maraval, B. Caseau-Chevallier, J.-Cl. Cheynet, and V. Déroche (eds), Pèlerinages et lieux saints dans l'antiquité et le moyen a^ge: mélanges offerts à Pierre Maraval. Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance 23, Paris: Association des amis du Centre d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance, 341–393.
   Google Scholar
• Peleg, M., and Tepper, Y., 2019. ‘Mysteries in the desert: The archaeological finds of Colt’s excavation at Shivta’, Michmanim 28, 9–22 (Hebrew with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal-Heginbottom R., 1982. Die Kirchen von Sobota und die Dreiapsidenkirchen des Nahen Ostens. Göttinger Orientforschungen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
   Google Scholar
• Ruffini, G., 2011. ‘Village life and family power in Late Antique Nessana’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 141.1, 201–225.
   Google Scholar
• Schick, R., 2013. ‘Field C101: Byzantine Church (“Lower Church”)’, in J. P. Odelson, and R. Schick (eds), Humayma Excavation Project, 2: Nabatean Campground and Necropolis, Byzantine Churches, and Early Islamic Domestic Structures (ASOR Archaeological Report 18), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 221–297.
   Google Scholar
• Segal, A., 1983. The Byzantine City of Shivta (Esbeita), Negev Desert, Israel. BAR Int. Ser. 179, Oxford: B.A.R.
   Google Scholar
• Segal, A., 1986. Shivta: The Image of a Byzantine City in the Negev, Haifa: University of Haifa (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Segal, A., 1988. Architectural Decoration in Byzantine Shivta, Negev Desert Israel, BAR Int. Series 420, Oxford: B.A.R.
   Google Scholar
• Shereshevski, J., 1991. Byzantine Urban Settlements in the Negev Desert, Beer Sheva 5, Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East, Beer Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shoeff, R., 2019. Reconstruction Processes in the Byzantine Settlements of the Negev (unpublished doctoral thesis), University of Haifa, Israel (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Talgam, R., Y. Tepper, M. Peleg, and O. Bortnik., 2022. ‘Shivta mosaics’, in W. Atrash, P. Gendelman and A. Overman (eds), Cities, Monuments, and Objects from the Roman and Byzantine Levant: Studies in Honor of Gaby Mazor, Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., Weissbord, L. and Bar-Oz, G., 2015. ‘Behind sealed doors: Unravelling abandonment dynamics at the Byzantine site of Shivta in the Negev Desert’, Antiquity Project Gallery 348; <http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/bar-oz348>.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., Erickson-Gini, T., Farhi Y. and Bar-Oz, G., 2018a. ‘Probing the Byzantine/Early Islamic transition in the Negev: The renewed Shivta excavations, 2015–2016’, Tel Aviv 45, 120–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., Weissbrod, L., Fried, T., Marom, N., Ramsay, J., Weinstein-Evron, M., Aharonovich, S., Liphschitz, N., Farhi, Y., Yan, X. and Boaretto, E. and Bar-Oz, G., 2018b. ‘Pigeon-raising and sustainable agriculture at the fringe of the desert: A view from the Byzantine village of Sa‘adon, Negev, Israel’, Levant 50, 91–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., 2019. ‘The archaeological findings from the “Forgotten Suitcase” in context: In light of the Colt Excavations at Shivta’, Michmanim 28, 101–122, 63*–64* (Hebrew, with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., Porat N. and Bar-Oz G., 2020. ‘Sustainable farming in the Roman-Byzantine period: Dating an advanced agriculture system near the site of Shivta, Negev Desert, Israel’, Journal of Arid Environments 177, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104134>.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y. and Bar-Oz, G., 2019. ‘Shivta. Preliminary report’, Excavation and Survey in Israel 131 (English-Hebrew), <http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=25518&mag_id=127>.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y, and Bar-Oz, G., 2020. ‘Shivta. Preliminary report’, Excavation and Survey in Israel 133 (English-Hebrew), <http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail.aspx?id=25825&mag_id=128>.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., and Farhi, Y., 2023. ‘Coins in niches: Enigmatic coin deposits in the Southern Church of Shivta, Israel’, ‘Atiqot 112, 157–174.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., and Maayan-Fanar, E., in preparation. Colyn Baly, S’baita Work Journal of 1937 – Final Report of the 1937 Excavation Held in Shivta, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Urman, D., 2004. Nesssana Excavations and Studies 1987-1995, Beer Sheva 17. Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East, Beer Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiegand, Th., 1920. Sinai, Berlin: W. de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Woolley, C. L., and Lawrence, T. E., 1914. The Wilderness of Zin. PEF Annual 3, 72–91.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, X., Tepper, Y., Bar-Oz. G. and Boaretto, E., 2021. ‘FTIR bone characterization and radiocarbon dating: Timing the abandonment of Byzantine pigeon towers in the Negev Desert Israel’, Radiocarbon, First View, 1-21. <https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2021.85>.
   Google Scholar