16
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF RUBELLA

Pages 322-328 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

  • Best JM, O’Shea S. Rubella virus. In: Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, editors. Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections. 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 1989; 731-95.
  • Gershon AA. Rubella virus (German measles). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995; 1459-65.
  • Dwyer DE, Hueston L, Field PR, et al. Acute encephalitis complicating rubella virus infection. Ped Infect Dis J 1992; 11: 238-40.
  • Lee J-Y, Bowden DS. Rubella virus replication and links to teratogenicity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 571-87.
  • Gilbert GL. Congenital fetal infection. Semin Neonatol 1996; 1: 91-105.
  • Best JM, Banatvala JE, Morgan-Capner P, Miller E. Fetal infection after maternal reinfection with rubella: criteria for defining reinfection. Br Med J 1989; 299: 773-5.
  • Sullivan EM, Burgess MA, Forrest JM. The epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella in Australia 1992-1997. Commun Dis Intell 1999; 23: 209-14.
  • Horstmann DM, Schluederberg A, Emmons JE, et al. Persistence of vaccine-induced immune responses to rubella: comparison with natural infection. Rev Infect Dis 1985; 7 (Suppl 1): 80-5.
  • Robinson J, Lemay M, Vaudry WL. Congenital rubella after anticipated maternal immunity: two cases and a review of the literature. Ped Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 812-5.
  • Burgess MA. Rubella reinfection-what risk to the foetus? Med J Aust 1992;156:824-5.
  • Australian Society for Microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Update Programme-Rubella 1983; 15: 1- 38.
  • Herrmann KL. Rubella virus. In: Lennette EH, editor. Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992; 731-47.
  • Banatvala JE, Best JM, O’Shea S, Dudgeon JA. Persistence of rubella antibodies after vaccination: detection after experimental challenge. Rev Infect Dis 1985; 7 (Suppl 1): S86-90.
  • Dimech W, Bettoli A, Eckert D, et al. Multicenter evaluation of five commercial rubella virus immunoglobulin G kits which report in international units per milliliter. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 633-41.
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Detection and quantitation of rubella IgG antibody: evaluation and performance criteria for multiple component test products, specimen handling, and the use of test products in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline (Vol 16, No. 11). Philadelphia: NCCLS, 1997; Document code 1/LA6-A.
  • Field PR, Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL. Confirmation of rubella infection: Review of 10 years experience at ICPMR. Inoculum 1998; 7(2): 1-3.
  • Field PR, LeMire M. Pitfalls of IgM testing-a case of neonatal syphilis with falsely positive rubella and herpes simplex virus IgM. Inoculum 1996; 5: 5- 6.
  • Field PR, Ho DWT, Cunningham AL. Evaluation of rubella immune status by three commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 990-4.
  • Mitchell LA, Ho MK-L, Rogers JE, et al. Rubella reimmunization: comparative analysis of the immunoglobulin response to rubella virus vaccine in previously seronegative and seropositive individuals. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2210-8.
  • Gilbert GL, Field PR. What do rubella antibody tests mean? (Editorial.) Inoculum 1997; 6: 1-3.
  • Heron LG, Robertson PW. Rubella serology. Royal College of Pathologistsof AustralasiaQualityAssuranceProgramme, 1991-1996. Surry Hills: RCPA, 1996.
  • Backhouse J, Caon A, Dimech W, et al. Proposed general protocol for study of serologic diagnostic reagents. Aust Micro 1994; 15: 37-45.
  • Sintchenko V, Field PR, Gilbert GL. Rubella antibody in antenatal clinic patients. Aust N Z J Med 1999; 29: 284.
  • Robertson PW, Bell SM. Prolonged rubella IgM antibody response. Med J Aust 1974; 2: 857.
  • Oxman MN. Measles. In: Richman DD, Whiteley RJ, editors. Clinical virology. New York: Churchill-Livingstone, 1997; 821-62.
  • Matter L, Kogelschatz K, Germann D. Serum levels of rubella virus antibodies indicating immunity: response to vaccination of subjects with low and undetectable antibody concentration. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:749-55.
  • Morgan-Capner P. Rubella serodiagnosis. Serodiagn Immunother Infect Dis 1993; 1: 5-7.
  • Herne V, Hedman K, Reeik P. Immunoglobulin G avidity in the serodiagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 763-6.
  • Wood R, Robson J. Avidity studies for rubella - have we a good affinity for this assay? Abstract of the Australian Society for Microbiology Annual Scientific Meeting, Hobart, 1998.
  • Murphy AM, Field PR, Collins E. The value of specific IgM tests in the early diagnosis of congenital rubella. Med J Aust 1978; 2: 290-3.
  • Ziring PR, Florman AL, Cooper LZ. The diagnosis of rubella. Ped Clin North Am 1971; 18: 87-97.
  • Nicora C, Zach K, Trachsel D, et al. Decay of passively acquired maternal antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella viruses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6: 868-71.
  • Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, Eckstein MB, et al. Use of PCR for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital rubella. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2881-7.
  • Revello MG, Baldanti F, Sarasini A, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of rubella virus infection by direct detection and semiquantitation of viral RNA in clinical samples by reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 708-13.
  • Peltola H, Leinikki P. Rubella gene sequencing as a clinician’s tool. Lancet 1998; 352: 1799-800.
  • Katow S, Ninahara H, Fukushima M, Yamaguchi Y. Molecular epidemiology of rubella by nucleotide sequences of the rubella virus E1 gene in three East Asian countries. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 602-16.
  • National Health and Medical Research Council. The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 7th ed. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 2000.
  • Australian Paediatrics Surveillance Unit. 5th Annual Report 1997. Sydney: Australian Paediatrics Surveillance Unit, 1997.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.