Solution Solvent Couples Solute Molecules and Enhances Their Internal Tension

References

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• The internal tension between molecules of each species of the j species in a solution is not analogous to the tension in each strand of j strands of wire in a cable subjected to a force F applied along the axis of the cable and in a direction to cause tension in the cable. Each strand of the cable does not oppose the total force F even if each strand were of differing materials with differing elastic moduli Yi and differing cross sections ai. Assuming no coupling between strands, i.e. no friction between strands, a force fi will be applied to strand i. The strain, dl/l, will be the same for all strands in the cable so that the stress τ i in each strand will differ, depending on Yi , such that and such that . Combining these equations, F = ∑ajYj(dl/l) = ∑ajτj . If all j strands had the same a and Y, then F = jaτti and the tension in each strand would be τ i = F/ja. In this case the tension in the cable would be the same as the tension in each strand since the cross section of the cable A = ja. Clearly, molecular species in a solution differ from strands in a cable. The molecules are all coupled so that each species must oppose the entire thermal pressure exerted at the surface of the solution and the strain for each species differs from that of all other species in the solution
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