The relationship between orphanhood and child fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990s–2000s

References

• Ainsworth , Martha , Beegle , Kathleen and Koda , Godlike . 2005 . The impact of adult mortality and parental deaths on primary schooling in north-western Tanzania . Journal of Development Studies , 41 ( 3 ) : 412 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akresh , Richard. 2009 . Flexibility of household structure child fostering decisions in Burkina Faso . Journal of Human Resources , 44 ( 4 ) : 976 – 997 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alber , Erdmute. 2004 . Grandparents as foster-parents: transformations in foster relations between grandparents and grandchildren in northern Benin . Africa , 74 ( 1 ) : 28 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankrah , E. Maxine. 1993 . The impact of HIV/AIDS on the family and other significant relationships: the African clan revisited . AIDS Care , 5 ( 1 ) : 5 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell , Nicola and van Blerk , Lorraine . 2004 . Children's migration as a household/family strategy: coping with AIDS in Lesotho and Malawi . Journal of Southern African Studies , 30 ( 3 ) : 673 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell , Nicola and Young , Lorraine . 2004 . Enabling households to support successful migration of AIDS orphans in southern Africa . AIDS Care , 16 ( 1 ) : 3 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , Tony and Blaikie , Piers . 1992 . AIDS in Africa: Its Present and Future Impact , London : Belhaven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beard , Betty J. 2005 . Orphan care in Malawi: current practices . Journal of Community Health Nursing , 22 ( 2 ) : 105 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beegle , Kathleen , De Weerdt , Joachim and Dercon , Stefan . 2010 . Orphanhood and human capital destruction: is there persistence into adulthood? . Demography , 47 ( 1 ) : 163 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicego , George , Rutstein , Shea and Johnson , Kiersten . 2003 . Dimensions of the emerging orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa . Social Science & Medicine , 56 ( 6 ) : 1235 – 1247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bledsoe , Caroline and Isiugo-Abanihe , Uche . 1989 . “ Strategies of child fosterage among Mende grannies in Sierra Leone ” . In Reproduction and Social Organisation in Sub-Saharan Africa , Edited by: Lesthaeghe , R. 442 – 474 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bongaarts , John , Buettner , Thomas , Heilig , Gerhard and Pelletier , Francois . 2008 . Has the HIV epidemic peaked? . Population and Development Review , 34 ( 2 ) : 199 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , John C. 1997 . The impact of the African AIDS epidemic . Health Transition Review , 7 ( Suppl. 2 ) : 169 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Case , Anne , Paxson , Christina and Ableidinger , Joseph . 2004 . Orphans in Africa: parental death, poverty, and school enrollment . Demography , 41 ( 3 ) : 483 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirwa , Wiseman Chijere. 2002 . Social exclusion and inclusion: challenges to orphan care in Malawi . Nordic Journal of African Studies , 11 ( 1 ) : 93 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Ciganda , Daniel , Alain Gagnon , and Eric Tenkorang . 2010 . Child and young adult households in the context of the AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe, 1988–2006 . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America , Dallas , TX .
   Google Scholar
• Eloundou-Enyegue , Parfait M. and David Shapiro . 2004 . Buffering inequalities: the safety net of extended families in Cameroon . Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program Working Paper No. 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , D. K. and Miguel , E. 2007 . Orphans and schooling in Africa: a longitudinal analysis . Demography , 44 ( 1 ) : 35 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , Geoff , Shakespeare , Ruth , Helen Jackson , F. Chinemana , Gregson , Simon , Marange , C. and Mashumba , S. 1995 . Orphan prevalence and extended family care in a periurban community in Zimbabwe . AIDS Care , 7 ( 1 ) : 3 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , Odile. 1984 . Child fostering in sub-Saharan Africa . Population Index , 50 ( 3 ) : 445
   Google Scholar
• Goody , Esther. 1982 . Parenthood and Social Reproduction: Fostering and Occupational Roles in West Africa , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , Monica and Sara Yeatman . 2008 . Children's living arrangements and gendered parental support . Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America , New Orleans .
   Google Scholar
• Gregson , Simon , Mushati , Phyllis and Nyamukapa , Constance . 2007 . Adult mortality and erosion of household viability in AIDS-afflicted towns, estates, and villages in eastern Zimbabwe . JAIDS—Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 44 ( 2 ) : 188 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuveline , Patrick. 2004 . Impact of the HIV epidemic on population and household structure: the dynamics and evidence to date . AIDS , 18 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S45 – S53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymann , Jody and Kidman , Rachel . 2009 . HIV/AIDS, declining family resources and the community safety net . AIDS Care , 21 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 34 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosegood , Victoria , Floyd , Sian , Marston , Milly , Hill , Caterina , McGrath , Nuala , Isingo , Raphael , Crampin , Amelia and Zaba , Basia . 2007 . The effects of high HIV prevalence on orphanhood and living arrangements of children in Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa . Population Studies , 61 ( 3 ) : 327 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , Susan S. 1990 . Orphans as a window on the AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa: initial results and implications of a study in Uganda . Social Science & Medicine , 31 ( 6 ) : 681 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isiugo-Abanihe , Uche. 1985 . Child fosterage in West Africa . Population and Development Review , 11 ( 1 ) : 53 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindblade , Kim A. , Odhiambo , Frank , Rosen , Daniel H. and DeCock , Kevin M. 2003 . Health and nutritional status of orphans under 6 years old cared for by relatives in western Kenya . Tropical Medicine and International Health , 8 ( 1 ) : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , Cynthia and Desai , Sonalde . 1992 . Children's living arrangements in developing countries . Population Research and Policy Review , 11 ( 3 ) : 193 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , Cynthia and Blanc , Ann . 1996 . Children's schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: the role of fathers, mothers, and others . Population and Development Review , 22 ( 2 ) : 293 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhavan , Sangeetha. 2004 . Fosterage patterns in the age of AIDS: continuity and change . Social Science & Medicine , 58 ( 7 ) : 1443 – 1454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , Karen. 1997 . Explaining fertility transitions . Demography , 34 ( 4 ) : 443 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel , Anthony and Zulu , Eliya . 1996 . Mothers, fathers, and children: regional patterns in child–parent residence in sub-Saharan Africa . African Population Studies , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Candace Marie , Gruskin , Sofia , Subramanian , S. V. and Heymann , Jody . 2007 . Examining the situation of orphans during the AIDS epidemic . Social Science & Medicine , 64 ( 12 ) : 2476 – 2486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moehling , Carolyn M. 2002 . Broken homes: the ‘missing’ children of the 1910 Census . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 33 ( 2 ) : 205 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monasch , Roeland and Boerma , J. Ties . 2004 . Orphanhood and childcare patterns in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of national surveys from 40 countries . AIDS , 18 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S55 – S65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morantz , Gillian and Heymann , Jody . 2010 . Life in institutional care: the voices of children in a residential facility in Botswana . AIDS Care , 22 ( 1 ) : 10 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyambedha , Erick O. , Wandibba , Simiyu and Aagaard-Hansen , Jens . 2003 . Changing patterns of orphan care due to the HIV epidemic in western Kenya . Social Science & Medicine , 57 ( 2 ) : 301 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page , Hillary. 1989 . “ Childrearing versus childbearing: coresidence of mother and child in sub-Saharan Africa ” . In Reproduction and Social Organisation in Sub-Saharan Africa , Edited by: Lesthaeghe , Ron . 401 – 441 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parikh , Anokhi , Bachman DeSilva , Mary , Cakwe , Mandisa , Quinlan , Tim , Simon , Jonathan L. , Skalicky , Anne and Zhuwau , Tom . 2007 . Exploring the Cinderella myth: intrahousehold differences in child wellbeing between orphans and non-orphans in Amajuba District, South Africa . AIDS , 21 ( Suppl. 7 ) : S95 – S103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poonawala , Shamseh and Cantor , R.achel . 1991 . Children Orphaned by AIDS: A Call for Action for NGOs and Donors , Washington , DC : National Council for International Health .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , G. , Chinake , T. , Mudzinge , D. , Maambira , W. and Mukutiri , S. 2004 . Children in Residential Care: The Zimbabwe Experience , Harare : Zimbabwe Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare/UNICEF .
   Google Scholar
• Preston , Samuel H. , Heuveline , Patrick and Guillot , Michel . 2001 . Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes , London : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Rabe-Hesketh , Sophia and Skrondal , Anders . 2008 . Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata , 2nd ed , College Station , TX : Stata Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ryder , Robert W. , Kamenga , Munkolenkole , Nkusu , Muniaka , Batter , Veronique and Heyward , WilliamL. 1994 . AIDS orphans in Kinshasa, Zaire: incidence and socioeconomic consequences . AIDS , 8 ( 5 ) : 673 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF , UNAIDS , and PEPFAR . 2006 . Children Affected by AIDS: Africa's Orphaned and Vulnerable Generations . New York : UNICEF .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children's Fund . 2003 . Statement by UNICEF representative Bjorn Ljungqvist, HIV/AIDS Orphans Survey Findings Conference , UNICEF , New York , 8 April 2003 .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children's Fund . 2005 . A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation of the National Response for Children Orphaned and Made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS . New York : UNICEF .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children's Fund . 2006 . Africa's Orphaned and Vulnerable Generations: Children Affected by AIDS . New York : United Nations Children's Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Urassa , Mark , J. Ties Boerma , Japheth Z.L. Ng'weshemi , Raphael Isingo , Dick Schapink , and Yusufu Kumogola . 1997 . Orphanhood, child fostering and the AIDS epidemic in rural Tanzania , Health Transition Review 7 Suppl. 2 : 141 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• van Blerk , Lorraine and Ansell , Nicola . 2006 . Children's experiences of migration: moving in the wake of AIDS in southern Africa . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 24 ( 3 ) : 449 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandermeersch , Celine. 2002 . Child fostering under six in Senegal in 1992–1993 . Population , 57 ( 4/5 ) : 661 – 688 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef , Heidi and Morelli , Gilda . 2007 . ‘A child is a child’: fostering experiences in northwestern Cameroon . Ethos , 35 ( 1 ) : 33 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeatman , Sara. 2009 . HIV infection and fertility preferences in rural Malawi . Studies in Family Planning , 40 ( 4 ) : 261 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , FrederickJ. 2003 . Cinderella goes to school—the effects of child fostering on school enrollment in South Africa . Journal of Human Resources , 38 ( 3 ) : 557 – 590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar