Publication Cover
Population Studies
A Journal of Demography
Volume 73, 2019 - Issue 3
883
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Caesarean section and children’s health: A quasi-experimental design

&
Pages 353-368 | Received 11 Jul 2018, Accepted 22 Jan 2019, Published online: 04 Jul 2019

References

  • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. 2000. Hypoallergenic infant formulas, Pediatrics 106(2): 346–349.
  • Arshad, S. H., W. Karmaus, A. Raza, R. J. Kurukulaaratchy, S. M. Matthews, J. W. Holloway, A. Sadeghnejad, H. Zhang, G. Roberts, and S. L. Ewart. 2012. The effect of parental allergy on childhood allergic diseases depends on the sex of the child, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 130(2): 427–434.e6.
  • Azad, M. B., T. Konya, D. S. Guttman, C. J. Field, M. R. Sears, K. T. HayGlass, P. J. Mandhane, S. E. Turvey, P. Subbarao, A. B. Becker, J. A. Scott, A. L. Kozyrskyj, and Child Study Investigators, 2015. Infant gut microbiota and food sensitization: Associations in the first year of life. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 45(3): 632–643.
  • Bager, P., J. Wohlfahrt, and T. Westergaard. 2008. Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disesase: Meta-analyses, Clinical & Experimental Allergy 38(4): 634–642.
  • Bailit, Jennifer L., Sharon L. Dooley, and Alan N. Peaceman. 1999. Risk adjustment for interhospital comparison of primary cesarean rates, Obstetrics & Gynecology 93(6): 1025–1030.
  • Barber, Emma L., Lisbet Lundsberg, Kathleen Belanger, Christian M. Pettker, Edmund F. Funai, and Jessica L. Illuzzi. 2011. Indications contributing to the increasing cesarean delivery rate, Obstetrics and Gynecology 118(1): 29–38.
  • Betran, A. P., M. R. Torloni, J. J. Zhang, A. M. Gülmezoglu, and WHO Working Group on Caesarean Section. 2016. WHO statement on caesarean section rates, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 123(5): 667–670.
  • Biasucci, G., B. Benenati, L. Morelli, E. Bessi, and G. Boehm. 2008. Cesarean delivery may affect the early biodiversity of intestinal bacteria, The Journal of Nutrition 138(9): 1796s–1800s.
  • Biasucci, G., M. Rubini, S. Riboni, L. Morelli, E. Bessi, and C. Retetangos. 2010. Mode of delivery affects the bacterial community in the newborn gut, Early Human Development 86(Supplement 1): 13–15.
  • Blackwell, D. L., M. D. Hayward, and E. M. Crimmins. 2001. Does childhood health affect chronic morbidity in later life?, Social Science & Medicine 52(8): 1269–1284.
  • Bonnelykke, K., P. Sleiman, K. Nielsen, E. Kreiner-Moller, J. M. Mercader, D. Belgrave, H. T. den Dekker, A. Husby, A. Sevelsted, G. Faura-Tellez, L. J. Mortensen, L. Paternoster, R. Flaaten, A. Molgaard, D. E. Smart, P. F. Thomsen, M. A. Rasmussen, S. Bonas-Guarch, C. Holst, E. A. Nohr, R. Yadav, M. E. March, T. Blicher, P. M. Lackie, V. W. Jaddoe, A. Simpson, J. W. Holloway, L. Duijts, A. Custovic, D. E. Davies, D. Torrents, R. Gupta, M. V. Hollegaard, D. M. Hougaard, H. Hakonarson, and H. Bisgaard. 2014. A genome-wide association study identifies cdhr3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations, Nature Genetics 46(1): 51–55.
  • Bottcher, M. F., E. K. Nordin, A. Sandin, T. Midtvedt, and B. Bjorksten. 2000. Microflora-associated characteristics in faeces from allergic and nonallergic infants, Clinical and Experimental Allergy 30(11): 1591–1596.
  • Branum, Amy M., and Susan L. Lukacs. 2009. Food allergy among children in the United States, Pediatrics 124(6): 1549–1555.
  • Case, Anne, and Christina Paxson. 2010. Causes and consequences of early-life health, Demography 47(Supplement 1): S65–S85.
  • Castanedo, Federico. 2013. A review of data fusion techniques, The Scientific World Journal 2013: 19.
  • CDC. 1999a. Achievements in public health, 1900–1999, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48(29): 621–648.
  • CDC. 1999b. Ten great public health achievements–United States, 1900–1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48(12): 241–264.
  • CDC. 2013. Progress in increasing breastfeeding and reducing racial/ethnic differences – United States, 2000–2008 births, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 62(5): 77–80.
  • Collado, M. C., M. Cernada, C. Bauerl, M. Vento, and G. Perez-Martinez. 2012. Microbial ecology and host-microbiota interactions during early life stages, Gut Microbes 3(4): 352–365.
  • Currie, Janet. 2009. Healthy, wealthy, and wise: Socioeconomic status, poor health in childhood, and human capital development, Journal of Economic Literature 47(1): 87–122.
  • Currie, Janet, and W. Bentley MacLeod. 2008. First do no harm? Tort reform and birth outcomes, Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(2): 795–830.
  • Cutler, David, Jonathan Skinner, Ariel Dora Stern, and David Wennberg. 2013. Physician beliefs and patient preferences: A new look at regional variation in health care spending, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series 19320.
  • Dubay, Lisa, Robert Kaestner, and Timothy Waidmann. 1999. The impact of malpractice fears on cesarean section rates, Journal of Health Economics 18(4): 491–522.
  • Enomoto, Tadao, Masanori Sowa, Keiji Nishimori, Shinichiro Shimazu, Akira Yoshida, Kazuko Yamada, Fukumi Furukawa, Takemasa Nakagawa, Naotake Yanagisawa, Noriyuki Iwabuchi, Toshitaka Odamaki, Fumiaki Abe, Jiro Nakayama, and Jin-zhong Xiao. 2014. Effects of bifidobacterial supplementation to pregnant women and infants in the prevention of allergy development in infants and on fecal microbiota, Allergology International 63(4): 575–585.
  • Fallani, M., D. Young, J. Scott, E. Norin, S. Amarri, R. Adam, M. Aguilera, S. Khanna, A. Gil, C. A. Edwards, and J. Dore. 2010. Intestinal microbiota of 6-week-old infants across Europe: Geographic influence beyond delivery mode, breast-feeding, and antibiotics, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 51(1): 77–84.
  • Ferretti, Pamela, Edoardo Pasolli, Adrian Tett, Francesco Asnicar, Valentina Gorfer, Sabina Fedi, Federica Armanini, Duy Tin Truong, Serena Manara, Moreno Zolfo, Francesco Beghini, Roberto Bertorelli, Veronica De Sanctis, Ilaria Bariletti, Rosarita Canto, Rosanna Clementi, Marina Cologna, Tiziana Crifò, Giuseppina Cusumano, Stefania Gottardi, Claudia Innamorati, Caterina Masè, Daniela Postai, Daniela Savoi, Sabrina Duranti, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Leonardo Mancabelli, Francesca Turroni, Chiara Ferrario, Christian Milani, Marta Mangifesta, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, Moran Yassour, Hera Vlamakis, Ramnik Xavier, Carmen Maria Collado, Omry Koren, Saverio Tateo, Massimo Soffiati, Anna Pedrotti, Marco Ventura, Curtis Huttenhower, Peer Bork, and Nicola Segata. 2018. Mother-to-infant microbial transmission from different body sites shapes the developing infant gut microbiome, Cell Host & Microbe 24(1): 133–145.e5.
  • Finkelstein, Jonathan A., Christopher Stille, James Nordin, Robert Davis, Marsha A. Raebel, Douglas Roblin, Alan S. Go, David Smith, Christine C. Johnson, Kenneth Kleinman, K. Arnold Chan, and Richard Platt. 2003. Reduction in antibiotic use among U.S. children, 1996–2000, Pediatrics 112(3): 620–627.
  • Grant, Darren. 2009. Physician financial incentives and cesarean delivery: New conclusions from the healthcare cost and utilization project, Journal of Health Economics 28(1): 244–250.
  • Gregory, Kimberly D., Moshe Fridman, and Lisa Korst. 2010. Trends and patterns of vaginal birth after cesarean availability in the United States, Seminars in Perinatology 34(4): 237–243.
  • Gronlund, M. M., O. P. Lehtonen, E. Eerola, and P. Kero. 1999. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: Permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 28(1): 19–25.
  • Gruber, Jon, John Kim, and Dina Mayzlin. 1999. Physician fees and procedure intensity: The case of cesarean delivery, Journal of Health Economics 18(4): 473–490.
  • Gupta, R., D. Holdford, L. Bilaver, A. Dyer, J. L. Holl, and D. Meltzer. 2013. The economic impact of childhood food allergy in the United States, JAMA Pediatrics 167(11): 1026–1031.
  • Health Resources & Services Administration. 2005. National survey of children’s health 2003 [data file and codebook].
  • Health Resources & Services Administration. 2009. National survey of children’s health 2007 [data file and codebook].
  • Health Resources & Services Administration. 2013. National survey of children’s health 2011 [data file and codebook].
  • Hsiao, Kuang-Chih, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Christine Axelrad, Sigrid Pitkin, Mimi L. K. Tang, Wesley Burks, Susan Donath, Francesca Orsini, Dean Tey, Marnie Robinson, and Ee Lyn Su. 2017. Long-term clinical and immunological effects of probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy after treatment cessation: 4-year follow-up of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 1(2): 97–105.
  • Jackson, Kristen D., LaJeana D. Howie, and Lara J. Akinbami. 2013. Trends in allergic conditions among children: United States 1997–2011, NCHS Data Brief 121: 1–8.
  • Jain, Lucky, and Douglas C. Eaton. 2006. Physiology of fetal lung fluid clearance and the effect of labor, Seminars in Perinatology 30(1): 34–43.
  • Kalliomaki, M., M. C. Collado, S. Salminen, and E. Isolauri. 2008. Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87(3): 534–538.
  • Kaplan, Greg, and Sam Schulhofer-Wohl. 2017. Understanding the long-run decline in interstate migration, International Economic Review 58(1): 57–94.
  • Kaplan, J. L., H. N. Shi, and W. A. Walker. 2011. The role of microbes in developmental immunologic programming, Pediatric Research 69(6): 465–472.
  • Kau, Andrew L., Philip P. Ahern, Nicholas W. Griffin, Andrew L. Goodman, and Jeffrey I. Gordon. 2011. Human nutrition, the gut microbiome, and immune system: Envisioning the future, Nature 474(7351): 327–336.
  • Lambrecht, Bart N., and Hamida Hammad. 2017. The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis, Nature Immunology 18: 1076–1083.
  • Lapidus, C. S., D. F. Schwarz, and P. J. Honig. 1993. Atopic dermatitis in children: Who cares? Who pays?, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 28(5 Pt 1): 699–703.
  • Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, M. J. Osterman, Anne K Driscoll, and T. J. Mathews. 2017. Births: Final data for 2015, in National Vital Statistics Reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, pp. 1–69.
  • Moorman, J. E., L. J. Akinbami, C. M. Bailey, H. S. Zahran, M. E. King, C. A. Johnson, and X. Liu. 2012. National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001–2010, Vital and Health Statistics 3(35): 1–58.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. 2017. Birth data 2004–2011. Natality restricted-use data files and documentation. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. 2018. Birth data 1990–2003. Natality public-use data files and documentation. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm
  • Ober, C., and T. C. Yao. 2011. The genetics of asthma and allergic disease: A 21st century perspective, Immunological Reviews 242(1): 10–30.
  • Omran, Abdel R. 2005. The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology of population change, Milbank Quarterly 83(4): 731–757.
  • Palloni, Alberto. 2006. Reproducing inequalities: Luck, wallets, and the enduring effects of childhood health, Demography 43(4): 587–615.
  • Penders, J., C. Thijs, C. Vink, F. F. Stelma, B. Snijders, I. Kummeling, P. A. van den Brandt, and E. E. Stobberingh. 2006. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy, Pediatrics 118(2): 511–521.
  • Rance, Karen, and Mary O’Laughlen. 2011. Obesity and asthma: A dangerous link in children: An integrative review of the literature, The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 7(4): 287–292.
  • Rook, G. A. W., C. L. Raison, and C. A. Lowry. 2014. Microbial ‘old friends’, immunoregulation and socioeconomic status, Clinical & Experimental Immunology 177(1): 1–12.
  • Sepp, E., K. Julge, M. Vasar, P. Naaber, B. Bjorksten, and M. Mikelsaar. 1997. Intestinal microflora of Estonian and Swedish infants, Acta Paediatrica 86(9): 956–961.
  • Sicherer, S. H., T. J. Furlong, H. H. Maes, R. J. Desnick, H. A. Sampson, and B. D. Gelb. 2000. Genetics of peanut allergy: A twin study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 106(1 Pt 1):53–56.
  • StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.
  • Taffel, S. M., P. J. Placek, and T. Liss. 1987. Trends in the United States cesarean section rate and reasons for the 1980–85 rise, American Journal of Public Health 77(8): 955–959.
  • Tan, T. H., J. A. Ellis, R. Saffery, and K. J. Allen. 2012. The role of genetics and environment in the rise of childhood food allergy, Clinical & Experimental Allergy 42(1): 20–29.
  • Tang, Mimi L. K., Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Francesca Orsini, Dean Tey, Marnie Robinson, Ee Lyn Su, Paul Licciardi, Wesley Burks, and Susan Donath. 2015. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: A randomized trial, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135(3):737–744.e8.
  • te Pas, Arjan B., Peter G. Davis, Stuart B. Hooper, and Colin J. Morley. 2008. From liquid to air: Breathing after birth, The Journal of Pediatrics 152(5): 607–611.
  • Thavagnanam, S., J. Fleming, A. Bromley, M. D. Shields, and C. R. Cardwell. 2008. A meta-analysis of the association between caesarean section and childhood asthma, Clinical & Experimental Allergy 38(4): 629–633.
  • Thomsen, S. F., S. van der Sluis, K. O. Kyvik, A. Skytthe, and V. Backer. 2010. Estimates of asthma heritability in a large twin sample, Clinical & Experimental Allergy 40(7): 1054–1061.
  • Torgerson, D. G., E. J. Ampleford, G. Y. Chiu, W. J. Gauderman, C. R. Gignoux, P. E. Graves, B. E. Himes, A. M. Levin, R. A. Mathias, D. B. Hancock, J. W. Baurley, C. Eng, D. A. Stern, J. C. Celedon, N. Rafaels, D. Capurso, D. V. Conti, L. A. Roth, M. Soto-Quiros, A. Togias, X. Li, R. A. Myers, I. Romieu, D. J. Van Den Berg, D. Hu, N. N. Hansel, R. D. Hernandez, E. Israel, M. T. Salam, J. Galanter, P. C. Avila, L. Avila, J. R. Rodriquez-Santana, R. Chapela, W. Rodriguez-Cintron, G. B. Diette, N. F. Adkinson, R. A. Abel, K. D. Ross, M. Shi, M. U. Faruque, G. M. Dunston, H. R. Watson, V. J. Mantese, S. C. Ezurum, L. Liang, I. Ruczinski, J. G. Ford, S. Huntsman, K. F. Chung, H. Vora, X. Li, W. J. Calhoun, M. Castro, J. J. Sienra-Monge, B. del Rio-Navarro, K. A. Deichmann, A. Heinzmann, S. E. Wenzel, W. W. Busse, J. E. Gern, R. F. Lemanske, Jr., T. H. Beaty, E. R. Bleecker, B. A. Raby, D. A. Meyers, S. J. London, F. D. Gilliland, E. G. Burchard, F. D. Martinez, S. T. Weiss, L. K. Williams, K. C. Barnes, C. Ober, and D. L. Nicolae. 2011. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations, Nature Genetics 43(9):887–892.
  • Trasande, Leonardo, and Yinghua Liu. 2011. Reducing the staggering costs of environmental disease in children, estimated at $76.6 billion in 2008, Health Affairs 30(5): 863–870.
  • Van Cleave, J., S. L. Gortmaker, and J. M. Perrin. 2010. Dynamics of obesity and chronic health conditions among children and youth, Journal of the American Medical Association 303(7): 623–630.
  • Vaz, Louise Elaine, Kenneth P. Kleinman, Marsha A. Raebel, James D. Nordin, Matthew D. Lakoma, M. Maya Dutta-Linn, and Jonathan A. Finkelstein. 2014. Recent trends in outpatient antibiotic use in children, Pediatrics 133(3): 375–385.
  • Versini, Mathilde, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Tomer Bashi, Giorgia Bizzaro, Miri Blank, and Yehuda Shoenfeld. 2015. Unraveling the hygiene hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: Origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications, BMC Medicine 13(1): 81.
  • Visness, Cynthia M., Stephanie J. London, Julie L. Daniels, Jay S. Kaufman, Karin B. Yeatts, Anna-Maria Siega-Riz, Agustin Calatroni, and Darryl C. Zeldin. 2010. Association of childhood obesity with atopic and nonatopic asthma: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006, Journal of Asthma 47(7): 822–829.
  • Wright, Anne L., and Richard J. Schanler. 2001. The resurgence of breastfeeding at the end of the second millennium, The Journal of Nutrition 131(2): 421S–425S.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.