Microstructural and heavy metal analysis of gallstones prevalent in Jharkhand and its implications in the treatment

References

• Tazuma S, Kajiyama G, Mizuno T, et al. A combination therapy with simvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid is more effective for cholesterol gallstone dissolution than is ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998;26(4):287–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan SB, Joshi MR, Vaidya A. Prevalence of different types of gallstone in the patients with cholelithiasis at Kathmandu medical college, Nepal. Kumj. 2009;7(3):268–271.
   Google Scholar
• Stinton LM, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012;6(2):172. https://dx.doi.org/10.5009/2Fgnl.2012.6.2.172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y, Kim D, Lee JS, et al. Association between diet and gallstones of cholesterol and pigment among patients with cholecystectomy: a case-control study in Korea. J Health Popul Nutr. 2017Dec;36(1):1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dutta U, Garg PK, Kumar R, et al. Typhoid carriers among patients with gallstones are at increased risk for carcinoma of the gallbladder. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(3):784–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eslick GD, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallstones and biliary tract cancers. GI Epidemiology: Dis and Clin Method. 2014Feb;6:296–305.
   Google Scholar
• Jaswal BB, Kumar V, Swart HC, et al. Multi-spectroscopic analysis of cholesterol gallstone using TOF-SIMS, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Appl Phys B. 2015 Oct;121(1):49–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramya JR, Arul KT, Epple M, et al. Chemical and structural analysis of gallstones from the Indian subcontinent. Mater Sci Eng C. 2017;78:878–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weerakoon H, Navaratne A, Ranasinghe S, et al. Chemical characterization of gallstones: an approach to explore the aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease in Sri Lanka. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 8;10(4):e0121537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shareef KM, Omer LA, Garota SA. Predicting the chemical composition of gallstones by FTIR spectroscopy. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2015 Jan;1(1):25–30.
   Google Scholar
• Jayasoma K, Koralegedara NH, Dharmapala A, et al. Microstructural and geochemical characterization of gallstones: implication for biomineralization. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022Jan;28:1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Suo T, Peng P, Feng M, et al. Fixed-point and stratifed analysis of the fne structure content courtesy of springer nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. K. Jayasoma et al. 1 3 and composition of fve gallstones with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) specular refection spectroscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 2012;75(3):294–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Soy S, Kumar C, et al. Analysis of gallstone composition and structure in Jharkhand region. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2015Jan;34(1):29–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma R, Sachan SG, Sharma SR. Preponderance of gallstone in female. WJPPS. 2013;6(1):5871–5877.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Kumar A, Jha NK, et al. Probing into the prevalence and factors of gallstones formation in Jharkhand region in India. IJABPT 2012; 3(3):36–41.
   Google Scholar
• Litwin DE, Cahan MA. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical Clinic North Am. 2008 Dec 1;88(6):1295–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan T, Chen J, Jin SJ, et al. Chinese medicinal herbs for cholelithiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6. 10.1002/14651858.CD004547.pub2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenfield L, Lachin J, Baum R, et al. Chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for dissolution of gallstones: the national cooperative gallstone study: a controlled trial of efficacy and safety. Ann Intern Med. 1981 Sep 1;95(3):257–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rautray, Vijayan V, Panigrahi S. Analysis of Indian pigment gallstones. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A. 2007 Feb 1;255(2):409–415.
   Google Scholar
• Mondal B, Maulik D, Mandal M, et al. Analysis of carcinogenic heavy metals in gallstones and its role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2017;48(4):361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman RG, Selvaraju R. Thermal analysis of human gallstone. Int J ChemTech Res. 2009;1:1297.
   Google Scholar
• Jayalakshmi K, Sonkar K, Behari A, et al. Solid state 13CNMR analysis of human gallstones from cancer and benign gallbladder diseases. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson. 2009;36(1):60–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash AC, Toppo S, Pratap V. Prevalence and management of cholelithiasis in east India. (IOSR-JDMS). 2016;15(12):34–37.
   Google Scholar
• Tandon RK, Thakur VS, Basak AK, et al. Pigment gallstones predominate in South India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 1994;13(Suppl 1):81.
   Google Scholar
• Jayanthi V, Sarika S, Varghese J, et al. Composition of gallbladder bile in healthy individuals and patients with gallstone disease from north and South India. Indian J Gastroenterology. 2016;35(5):347–353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raj U, Kumar A, Mandial V. Biochemical analysis of gallstones. Int J Surg. 2022;6(1):219–225.
   Google Scholar
• Bilagi A, Godhi AS. An analytical study of gallstones by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy technique. Int Surg J. 2022;9(3):584–589.
   Google Scholar
• Cariati A. Gallstone classification in western countries. Indian J Surg. 2015 Dec;77(2):376–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peter A, Cozmuta LM, Nicula C, et al. Multi-analyses of gallstones and correlation between their properties with the laboratory results. Anal Biochem. 2020 Mar 15;593:113587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransohoff DF, Gracie WA. Treatment of gallstones. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(7):606–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health (US). Office of medical applications of research. Gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institutes of Health, Office of Medical Applications of Research; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Kumar K, Tanvi K. Dealkenylation of neoandrographolide, a phytochemical from Andrographis paniculata stimulates FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor) and enhances gallstone dissolution. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2022 Feb;27:1.
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya S. Phytotherapeutic properties of milk thistle seeds: an overview. J Adv Pharm Educ Res. 2011;1:69–79.
   Google Scholar
• Guarino MP, Cong P, Cicala M, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid improves muscle contractility and inflammation in symptomatic gallbladders with cholesterol gallstones. Gut. 2007 Jun 1;56(6):815–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondal B, Maulik D, Mandal M, et al. Analysis of carcinogenic heavy metals in gallstones and its role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2017 Dec;48(4):361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma B, Sharma SR. Evaluation of gallstone classification and their diagnosis through serum parameters as emerging tools in treatment: a narrative review. Postgrad Med. 2022 Sep;134(7):644–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar