Influence of the SiC content and sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties and friction behaviour of sintered self-lubricating composites

References

• C. Donnet and A. Erdemir: ‘Historical developments and new trends in tribological and solid lubricant coatings', Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 180/181, 76–84. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.10.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Erdemir: ‘Review of engineered tribological interfaces for improved boundary lubrication’, Tribol. Int., 2005, 38, 249–256. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Kato, M. Takama, Y. Iwai, K. Washida and Y. Sasaki: ‘Wear and mechanical properties of sintered copper–tin composites containing graphite or molybdenum disulfide’, Wear, 2003, 255, 573–578. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00072-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Dangsheng: ‘Lubrication behavior of Ni–Cr-based alloys containing MoS2 at high temperature’, Wear, 2001, 251, 1094–1099. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00803-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. K. Lancaster, Solid lubricants, in ‘CRC handbook of lubrication, theory and practice of tribology’, in ‘Theory and design’ (ed. E. R. Booser), Vol. II, 269–290; 1984, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• J. Xua, R. Zhanga, P. Chena, D. Shena, X. Yea and S. Ge: ‘Mechanism of formation and electrochemical performance of carbide-derived carbons obtained from different carbides', Carbon, 2013, 64, 444–455. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Song, S. Dong and C. Coddet: ‘Rapid in situ fabrication of Fe/SiC bulk nanocomposites by selective laser melting directly from a mixed powder of microsized Fe and SiC’, Scr. Mater., 2014, 75, 90–93. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.11.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Ram Prabhu, V. K. Varma, S. Vedantam: ‘Effect of SiC volume fraction and size on dry sliding wear of Fe/SiC/graphite hybrid composites for high sliding speed applications', Wear, 2014, 309, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2013.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Sulima and R. Kowalik: ‘Corrosion behaviors, mechanical properties and microstructure of the steel matrix composites fabricated by HP–HT method’, Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 639, 671–680. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Pelleg: ‘Reactions in the matrix and interface of the Fe-SiC metal matrix composite system’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, 269, 225–241. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00158-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. S. Darken: ‘Atom movements’, 1–25; 1951, Cleveland, OH, ASM.
   Google Scholar
• C. J. Smithless (ed.): Metals reference book, 874; 1976, London, Butterworths.
   Google Scholar
• B. S. Terry and O. S. Chinyamakobvu: ‘Assessment of the reaction of SiC powders with iron-based alloys', J. Mater. Sci., 1993, 28, 6779–6784. doi: 10.1007/BF00356431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. M. Tang, Z. X. Zheng, H. F. Ding, Z. H. Jin: ‘A study of the solid state reaction between silicon carbide and iron’, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2002, 74, 258–264. doi: 10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00480-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. D. B. de Mello, C. Binder, R. Binder, A. N. Klein, ‘Effect of precursor content and sintering temperature on the scuffing resistance of sintered self-lubricating steel’, Wear, 271 1862–1867. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. N. Klein, R. P. Cardoso, H. C. Pavanati, C. Binder, A. M. Maliska, G. Hammes, D. Fusão, A. Seeber, S. F. Brunatto and J. L. R. Muzart: ‘DC plasma technology applied to powder metallurgy: an overview’, Plasma Sci. Tech., 2013, 15, 1, 70–81. doi: 10.1088/1009-0630/15/1/12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. N. Klein, J. L. R. Muzart, R. Souza, M. C. Fredel, P. A. P. Wendhausen, R. M. Nascimento: ‘ Process for removal of binders from parts produced by powder injection molding’, US patent (US 6579493 B1), 2003.
   Google Scholar
• R. Machado, J. L. R. Muzart, A. N. Klein, W. Ristow, M. C. Fredel, P. A. P. Wendhausen, D. Fusão, L. Mendes: ‘ Industrial plasma reactor for plasma assisted thermal debinding of powder injection molded parts', PCT (WO 2006012718) and INPI (PI-0403536-4), 2004.
   Google Scholar
• R. M. German and A. Bose: ‘Injection molding of metals and ceramics'; 1997, Princeton, NJ, USA,  Metal Powder Industries Federation, ISBN 1-878-954-61-X.
   Google Scholar
• W. F. Gale and T. C. Totemeier: ‘Smithells metals reference book’, 8th edn., Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• O. Kubaschewski: ‘Iron binary phase diagrams'; 1982, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Germany, Springer, ISBN 978-3-662-08026-9.
   Google Scholar
• J. Chipman: ‘Thermodynamics and phase diagram of the Fe-C system’, Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 55–64. doi: 10.1007/BF02680585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Colpaert: ‘Metalografia dos produtos siderúrgicos comuns', 4th edn, 652; 2008, São Paulo, Edgar Blucher.
   Google Scholar
• T. Wada, H. Wada, J. F. Elliot and J. Chipman: ‘Thermodynamics of the fcc Fe-Mn-C and Fe-Si-C alloys', Met. Trans., 1972, 3, 1657–1662. doi: 10.1007/BF02643059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. FU, T. Furuhara and T. Maki: ‘Effect of Mn and Si addition on microstructure and tensile properties of cold-rolled and annealed pearlite in eutectoid Fe–C alloys', ISIJ Inter., 2004, 44, 171–178. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASM Specialty Handbook: Cast Irons, 494 pp.; 1996, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• J. Brett and L. Seigue: ‘The role of diffusion versus plastic flow in the sintering of model compacts', Acta Metall., 1966, 14, 575–582. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(66)90065-4
   Google Scholar
• F. F. Lange: ‘Powder processing science and technology for increased reliability’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1989, 72, 3–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb05945.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Zhang: ‘Calculation of self-diffusion coefficients in iron’, AIP Adv., 2014, 4, 017128 6p.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.-J. L. Kang: ‘Sintering: densification, grain growth and microstructure’; 2005, Burlington, Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• R. M. German: ‘Sintering theory and practice’, 568; 1996, Germany, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0–471-05786-X.
   Google Scholar
• ASM – ASM Handbook - Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, Vol. 1, 3–11; 1990, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• K. E. Thelning: ‘Steels and its heat treatment’, 2nd edn, 450; 1884, Oxford, Butterworths.
   Google Scholar
• M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, L. G. Cançado, A. Jorio and R. Saito. ‘Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy’, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9, 1276–1291. doi: 10.1039/B613962K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Reich and C. Thomsen: ‘Raman spectroscopy of graphite’, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 2004, 362, 2271–2288. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. M. Malard, M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus: ‘Raman spectroscopy in graphene’, Phys. Rep., 2009, 473, 51–87. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. Matthews, M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus and M. Endo: ‘Origin of dispersive effects of the Raman D band in carbon materials, materials', Phys. Rev. B, 1999, 59, R6585. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R6585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. G. Cançado, M. A. Pimenta, R. Saito, A. Jorio, L. O. Ladeira, A. Grueneis, A. G. Souza-Filho, G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus: ‘Stokes and anti-stokes double resonance Raman scattering in two-dimensional graphite’, Phys. Rev. B, 2002, 66, 035415. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. C. Ferrari: ‘Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects', Solid State Commun., 2007, 143, 47–57. doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. R. Consoni: ‘Morfologia e estrutura dos nódulos de grafite gerados pela dissociação de SiC na sinterização de ligas ferrosas', Tese (Doutor), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2014, 155.
   Google Scholar