Suburban Food Security: Walkability and Nutritional Access in Metropolitan Detroit

Literature Cited

• Algert, S. J., A. Agrawal, and D. S. Lewis. 2006. Disparities in access to fresh produce in low-income neighborhoods in Los Angeles. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30:365–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Planning Association. 2007. Policy guide on community and regional food planning. Chicago: American Planning Association.
   Google Scholar
• Andreyeva, T., D. M. Blumenthal, M. B. Schwartz, M. W. Long, and K. D. Brownell. 2008. Availability and prices of foods across stores and neighborhoods: The case of New Haven, Connecticut. Health Affairs 27 (5): 1381–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaulac, J., E. Kristjansson, and S. Cummins. 2009. A systematic review of food deserts, 1966–2007. Preventing Chronic Disease 6 (3). http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/08_0163.htm (last accessed 8 November 2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borradaile, K. E., S. Sherman, S. S. Vander Veur, T. McCoy, B. Sandoval, J. Nachmani, A. Karpyn and G. D. Foster. 2009. Snacking in children: The role of urban corner stores. Pediatrics 124 (6): 1293–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, K. M., R. J. Thorpe, C. Rohde, and D. J. Gaskin. 2014. The intersection of neighborhood racial segregation, poverty, and urbanicity and its impact on food store availability in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 58 (1): 33–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannuscio, C. C., K. Tappe, A. Hillier, A. Buttenheim, A. Karpyn, and K. Glanz. 2013. Urban food environments and residents' shopping behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 45 (5): 606–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerin, E., B. E. Saelens, J. F. Sallis, and L. D. Frank. 2006. Neighborhood environment walkability scale: Validity and development of a short form. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 38:1682–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., and J. Clark. 2013. Interactive three-dimensional geovisualization of space-time access of food. Applied Geography 43:81–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, C., and S. L. Myers, Jr. 1999. Do the poor pay more for food? An analysis of grocery store availability and food price disparities. The Journal of Consumer Affairs 33 (2): 276–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifton, K. 2004. Mobility strategies and food shopping for low-income families: A case study. Journal of Planning Education and Research 23:402–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, S., E. Flint, and S. A. Matthews. 2014. New neighborhood grocery store increased awareness of food access but did not alter dietary habits or obesity. Health Affairs 33 (2): 283–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, S., and S. MacIntyre. 2002. A systematic study of an urban foodscape: The price and availability of food in greater Glasgow. Urban Studies 39 (11): 2115–30.
   Google Scholar
• Detroit Economic Growth Corporation. 2013. Green grocer project: Refreshing Detroit's grocery economy. Detroit, MI: Detroit Economic Growth Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Drewnowski, A. 2010. The cost of US foods as related to their nutritive value. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (5): 1181–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewnowski, A., P. Monsivais, M. Maillot, and N. Darmon. 2007. Low-energy-density diets are associated with higher diet quality and higher diet costs in French adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107:1028–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischhacker, S. E., K. R. Evenson, D. A. Rodriguez, and A. S. Ammerman. 2011. A systematic review of fast food access studies. Obesity Reviews 12 (5): e460–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, L., and P. O. Engelke. 2001. The built environment and human activity patterns: Exploring the impacts of urban form on public health. Journal of Planning Literature 16:202–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, L. D., J. F. Sallis, T. L. Conway, J. E. Chapman, B. E. Saelens, and W. Bachman. 2006. Many pathways from land use to health. Journal of the American Planning Association 72:75–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, L., T. L. Schmid, J. F. Sallis, J. Chapman, and B. E. Saelens. 2005. Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28:117–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furey, S., C. Strugnell, and H. McIlveen. 2001. An investigation of the potential existence of “food deserts” in rural and urban areas of Northern Ireland. Agriculture and Human Values 18:447–57.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. 2007. Examining the impact of food deserts on public health in Detroit. Chicago: Mari Gallagher Research & Consulting Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gilderbloom, J. I., W. W. Riggs, and W. L. Meares. 2015. Does walkability matter? An examination of walkability's impact on housing values, foreclosures and crime. Cities 42 (Part A): 13–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glanz, K., J. F. Sallis, B. E. Saelens, and L. D. Frank. 2007. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in stores (NEMS–S): Development and evaluation. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 32 (4): 282–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, C., M. Purciel-Hill, N. R. Ghai, L. Kaufaman, R. Graham, and G. Van Wye. 2011. Measuring food deserts in New York City's low-income neighborhoods. Health & Place 17 (2): 696–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthman, J. 2011. Weighing in: Obesity, food justice, and the limits of capitalism. Los Angeles and Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• ———. 2013. Too much food and too little sidewalk? Problematizing the obesogenic environment thesis. Environment and Planning A 45 (1): 142–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajna, S., K. Dasgupta, M. Halparin, and N. A. Ross. 2013. Neighborhood walkability: Field validation of geographic information systems measures. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44 (6): e55–e59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. 2013. Leaders eat less to fight food aid cuts. Detroit Free Press 23 June:23.
   Google Scholar
• Helling, A., and D. Sawicki. 2003. Race and residential accessibility to shopping and services. Housing Policy Debate 14 (1–2): 69–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lake, A., and T. Townshend. 2006. Obesogenic environments: Exploring the built and food environments. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 126 (6): 262–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larson, N. I., M. T. Story, and M. C. Nelson. 2009. Neighborhood environments: Disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 36 (1): 74–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leete, L., N. Bania, and A. Sparks-Ibanga. 2012. Congruence and coverage: Alternative approaches to identifying urban food deserts and food hinterlands. Journal of Planning Education and Research 32:204–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie, E., N. Coffee, L. Frank, N. Owen, A. Bauman, and G. Hugo. 2007. Walkability of local communities: Using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes. Journal of Health and Place 13:111–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, R. P. and H. P. Hynes. 2006. Obesity, physical activity, and the urban environment: Public health research needs. Environmental Health 5:25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macintyre, S. 2007. Deprivation amplification revisited; or is it always true that poorer places have poorer access to resources for healthy diets and physical activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4:32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, P., A. Kearns, and M. Livingston. 2013. “Safe going”: The influence of crime rates and perceived crime and safety on walking in deprived neighbourhoods. Social Science & Medicine 91:15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack, G. R., J. C. Spence, T. Berry, and P. K. Doyle-Baker. 2009. Does perceived behavioral control mediate the association between perceptions of neighborhood walkability and moderate- and vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity? Journal of Physical Activity & Health 6:657–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCracken, V. A., J. L. Sage, and R. A. Sage. 2012. Do farmers' markets ameliorate food deserts? FOCUS 29:21–26.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, N. C. 2008. The effect of objectively measured crime on walking in minority adults. American Journal of Health Promotion 22:433–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEntee, J. 2009. Highlighting food inadequacies: Does the food desert metaphor help this cause? British Food Journal 111 (4): 349–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEntee, J., and J. Agyeman. 2010. Towards the development of a GIS method for identifying rural food deserts: Geographic access in Vermont, USA. Applied Geography 30 (1): 165–76.
   Google Scholar
• McMenamin, T. M. 2007. A time to work: Recent trends in shift work and flexible schedules. Monthly Labor Reviews 130:3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsivais, P., and A. Drewnowski. 2009. Lower-energy-density diets are associated with higher monetary costs per kilocalorie and are consumed by women of higher socioeconomic status. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109:814–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, L. V., and A. V. Diez Roux. 2006. Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores. American Journal of Public Health 96 (2): 325–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morland, K., A. Diez Roux, and S. Wing. 2006. Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30 (4): 333–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morland, K., S. Wing, A. V. Diez Roux, and C. Poole. 2002. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 22 (1): 23–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, L. W., and T. C. Blanchard. 2007. Starved for access: Life in rural America's food deserts. Rural Realities 1 (4): 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Environment Measures Survey. 2014. Developing NEMS. http://www.med.upenn.edu/nems/about.shtml (last accessed 19 February 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Owen, N., E. Cerin, E. Leslie, L. duToit, N. Coffee, L. D. Frank, A. E. Bauman, G. Hugo, B. E. Saelens, and J. F. Sallis. 2007. Neighborhood walkability and the walking behavior of Australian adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33 (5): 387–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raja, S., C. Ma, and P. Yadav. 2008. Beyond food deserts: Measuring and mapping racial disparities in neighborhood food environments. Journal of Planning Education and Research 27:469–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rattan, A., A. Campese, and C. Eden. 2012. Modeling walkability. Redlands, CA: ESRI.
   Google Scholar
• Ruelas, V., E. Iverson, P. Kiekl, and A. Peters. 2012. The role of farmers' markets in two low income communities. Journal of Community Health 37 (3): 554–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, S. E., and C. P. Heidkamp. 2011. “Food desertification”: The loss of a major supermarket in New Haven, Connecticut. Applied Geography 31:1197–1209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saelens, B. E., K. Glanz, J. F. Sallis, and L. D. Frank. 2007. Nutrition Environment Measures Study in Restaurants (NEMS–R): Development and evaluation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 32 (4): 282–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schewel, E., and E. Seymour. 2012. Going the distance: A regional analysis of food accessibility in the Detroit tri-county area. Agora 6:22–32.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, H. J. 2006. Food deserts: Towards the development of a classification. Geografiska Annaler, Series B, Human Geography 88 (2): 231–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, A., J. Guthman, and S. Raskin. 2007. Food deserts, oases, or mirages? Small markets and community food security in the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of Planning Education and Research 26:352–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, P. A., D. Kwan, A. Angelescu, M. Shih, and J. E. Fielding. 2008. Proximity of fast food restaurants to schools: Do neighborhood income and type of school matter? Preventive Medicine 47:284–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townshend, T., and A. A. Lake. 2009. Obesogenic urban form: Theory, policy and practice. Health & Place 15 (4): 909–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treuhaft, S., and A. Karpyn. 2010. The grocery gap: Who has access to healthy food and why it matters. Philadelphia: The Food Trust Organization.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2009. Access to affordable and nutritious food: Measuring and understanding food deserts and their consequences. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/AP/AP036 (last accessed 15 July 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Walker, R. E., C. R. Keane, and J. G. Burke. 2010. Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: A review of food deserts literature. Health & Place 16 (5): 876–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal, J. M., J. Schweitzer, L. Mullins, and S. Bhawani. 2012. Factors affecting seasonal walkability in a cold climate community: A case study of East Lansing, Michigan, in collaboration with Michigan State University. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 8:158–83.
   Google Scholar
• Whelan, A., N. Wrigley, D. Warm, and E. Cannings. 2002. Life in a “food desert.” Urban Studies 39:2083–2100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrigley, N., D. Warm, B. Margetts, and A. Whelan. 2002. Assessing the impact of improved retail access on diet in a “food desert”: A preliminary report. Urban Studies 29:2061–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenk, S. N., A. J. Schulz, B. A. Israel, S. A. James, S. Bao, and M. L. Wilson. 2005. Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. American Journal of Public Health 95 (4): 660–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. 2006. Fruit and vegetable access differs by community racial composition and socioeconomic position in Detroit, Michigan. Ethnicity and Disease 16 (1): 275–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar