487
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Spatially Varying Unemployment and Crime Effects in the Long Run and Short Run

Pages 297-311 | Received 24 Jan 2020, Accepted 27 Aug 2020, Published online: 15 Dec 2020

Literature Cited

  • Andresen, M. A. 2012. Unemployment and crime: A neighborhood level panel data approach. Social Science Research 41 (6):1615–28. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.07.003.
  • Andresen, M. A. 2013. Unemployment, business cycles, crime, and the Canadian provinces. Journal of Criminal Justice 41 (4):220–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.05.006.
  • Andresen, M. A. 2015. Unemployment, GDP, and crime: The importance of multiple measurements of the economy. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 57 (1):35–58. doi: 10.3138/CJCCJ.2013.E37.
  • Andresen, M. A., and T. Hodgkinson. 2018. Predicting property crime risk: An application of risk terrain modeling in Vancouver, Canada. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 24 (4):373– 92. doi: 10.1007/s10610-018-9386-1.
  • Arnio, A. N., and E. P. Baumer. 2012. Demography, foreclosure, and crime: Assessing spatial heterogeneity in contemporary models of neighborhood crime rates. Demographic Research 26:449–88. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.18.
  • Arvanites, T. M., and R. H. Defina. 2006. Business cycles and street crime. Criminology 44 (1):139–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00045.x.
  • Becker, J. H. 2016. The dynamics of neighborhood structural conditions: The effects of concentrated disadvantage on homicide over time and space. City & Community 15 (1):64–82. doi: 10.1111/cico.12152.
  • Britt, C. L. 1997. Reconsidering the unemployment and crime relationship: Variation by age group and historical period. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 13 (4):405–28. doi: 10.1007/BF02221048.
  • Brunsdon, C., A. S. Fotheringham, and M. E. Charlton. 1996. Geographically weighted regression: A method for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Geographical Analysis 28 (4):281–98.
  • Bunting, R. J., O. Y. Chang, C. Cowen, R. Hankins, S. Langston, A. Warner, X. Yang, E. R. Louderback, and S. S. Roy. 2018. Spatial patterns of larceny and aggravated assault in Miami–Dade County 2007–2015. The Professional Geographer 70 (1):34–46. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2017.1310622.
  • Cahill, M., and G. Mulligan. 2007. Using geographically weighted regression to explore local crime patterns. Social Science Computer Review 25 (2):174–93. doi: 10.1177/0894439307298925.
  • Cantor, D., and K. C. Land. 1985. Unemployment and crime rates in the post-World War II United States: A theoretical and empirical analysis. American Sociological Review 50 (3):317–32. doi: 10.2307/2095542.
  • Cantor, D., and K. C. Land. 1991. Exploring possible temporal relationships of unemployment and crime: A comment on Hale and Sabbagh. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28 (4):418–25. doi: 10.1177/0022427891028004003.
  • Cantor, D., and K. C. Land. 2001. Unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: A comment on Greenberg. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17 (4):329–42. doi: 10.1023/A:1012585603639.
  • Chiricos, T. G. 1987. Rates of crime and unemployment: An analysis of aggregate research evidence. Social Problems 34 (2):187–212. doi: 10.2307/800715.
  • Cohen, L., and M. Felson. 1979. Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review 44 (4):588–608. doi: 10.2307/2094589.
  • Cowen, C., E. R. Louderback, and S. S. Roy. 2019. The role of land use and walkability in predicting crime patterns: A spatiotemporal analysis of Miami–Dade County neighborhoods 2007–2015. Security Journal 32 (3):264– 86. doi: 10.1057/s41284-018-00161-7.
  • Field, S. 1990. Trends in crime and their interpretation: A study of recorded crime in post war England and Wales. London: Home Office.
  • Fotheringham, A. S., C. Brunsdon, and M. Charlton. 2002. Geographically weighted regression: The analysis of spatially varying relationships. West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
  • Fotheringham, A. S., M. Charlton, and C. Brunsdon. 2001. Spatial variations in school performance: A local analysis using geographically weighted regression. Geographical and Environmental Modelling 5 (1):43–66. doi: 10.1080/13615930120032617.
  • Fotheringham, A. S., R. Crespo, and J. Yao. 2015. Geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR). Geographical Analysis 47 (4):431–52. doi: 10.1111/gean.12071.
  • Graif, C., and R. J. Sampson. 2009. Spatial heterogeneity in the effects of immigration and diversity on neighborhood homicide rates. Homicide Studies 13 (3):242–60. doi: 10.1177/1088767909336728.
  • Greenberg, D. F. 2001. Time series analysis of crime rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17 (4):291–327. doi: 10.1023/A:1012507119569.
  • Grubesic, T. H., E. A. Mack, and M. T. Kaylen. 2012. Comparative modeling approaches for understanding urban violence. Social Science Research 41 (1):92–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.07.004.
  • Ha, O. K., and M. A. Andresen. 2017. Unemployment and the specialization of criminal activity: A neighborhood analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice 48:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.11.001.
  • Hale, C., and D. Sabbagh. 1991. Testing the relationship between unemployment and crime: A methodological comment and empirical analysis using time series data from England and Wales. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28 (4):400–17. doi: 10.1177/0022427891028004002.
  • Hodgkinson, T., M. A. Andresen, and G. Farrell. 2016. The decline and locational shift of automotive theft: A local level analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice 44 (1):49– 57. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.12.003.
  • Keighley, K. 2017. Police-reported crime statistics in Canada 2016. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.
  • Levitt, S. D. 2001. Alternative strategies for identifying the link between unemployment and crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17 (4):377–90. doi: 10.1023/A:1012541821386.
  • Light, M. T., and C. T. Harris. 2012. Race, space, and violence: Exploring spatial dependence in structural covariates of white and black violent crime in U.S. counties. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 28 (4):559–86. doi: 10.1007/s10940-011-9162-6.
  • Louderback, E. R., and S. S. Roy. 2018. Integrating social disorganization and routine activity theories and testing the effectiveness of neighbourhood crime watch programs: Case study of Miami–Dade County 2007–15. The British Journal of Criminology 58 (4):968–92. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azx062.
  • Malczewski, J., and A. Poetz. 2005. Residential burglaries and neighborhood socioeconomic context in London, Ontario: Global and local regression analysis. The Professional Geographer 57 (4):516–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9272.2005.00496.x.
  • Openshaw, S. 1984. The modifiable areal unit problem. Norwich, UK: Geo Books.
  • Phillips, J., and K. C. Land. 2012. The link between unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: An analysis at the county, state, and national levels. Social Science Research 41 (3):681–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.01.001.
  • Robinson, W. S. 1950. Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. American Sociological Review 15 (3):351–57. doi: 10.2307/2087176.
  • Rosenfeld, R., and R. Fornango. 2008. The impact of economic conditions on robbery and property crime: The role of consumer sentiment. Criminology 45 (4):735–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00096.x.
  • Shaw, C. R., and H. D. McKay. 1942. Juvenile delinquency and urban areas: A study of rates of delinquency in relation to differential characteristics of local communities in American cities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Shaw, C. R., F. Zorbaugh, H. D. McKay, and L. S. Cottrell. 1929. Delinquency areas: A study of the geographic distribution of school truants, juvenile delinquents, and adult offenders in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sherman, L. W., P. R. Gartin, and M. E. Buerger. 1989. Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 27 (1):27–55. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x.
  • Smith, M. D., J. A. Devine, and J. F. Sheley. 1992. Crime and unemployment: Effects across age and race categories. Sociological Perspectives 35 (4):551–72. doi: 10.2307/1389299.
  • Statistics Canada. 2017. Census of population, 2016. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
  • Tobler, W. 1970. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Economic Geography 46 (Suppl.):234–40. doi: 10.2307/143141.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.