Location Evaluation of Bicycle Sharing System Stations and Cycling Infrastructures with Best Worst Method Using GIS

Literature Cited

• Abolhassani, L., A. P. Afghari, and H. M. Borzadaran. 2019. Public preferences towards bicycle sharing system in developing countries: The case of Mashhad, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society 44:763–73. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arabameri, A., M. Yamani, B. Pradhan, A. Melesse, K. Shirani, and D. T. Bui. 2019. Novel ensembles of COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making with logistic regression, boosted regression tree, and random Forest for spatial prediction of gully erosion susceptibility. The Science of the Total Environment 688:903–16. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgarzadeh, M., S. Verma, R. A. Mekary, T. K. Courtney, and D. C. Christiani. 2017. The role of intersection and street design on severity of bicycle-motor vehicle crashes. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention 23 (3):179–85. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, S., M. M. Kabir, N. K. Khadem, and C. Chavis. 2020. Optimal locations for bikeshare stations: A new GIS based spatial approach. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 4:100101. doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100101.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, C. M., and D. M. Scott. 2018. Identifying “sensible locations” for separated bike lanes on a congested urban road network: A Toronto case study. The Professional Geographer 70 (4):541–51. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2018.1455518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, S., X. Long, L. Li, H. Liang, Q. Wang, and X. Ding. 2019. Determinants of intention and behavior of low carbon commuting through bicycle-sharing in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 212:602–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, J. X., C. C. Xue, M. Y. Jian, and X. R. Yao. 2019. Research on the station location problem for public bicycle systems under dynamic demand. Computers & Industrial Engineering 127:971–80. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2018.11.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çapraz, Ö., B. Efe, and A. Deniz. 2016. Study on the association between air pollution and mortality in İstanbul, 2007–2012. Atmospheric Pollution Research 7 (1):147–54. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2015.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caulfield, B., E. Brick, and O. T. McCarthy. 2012. Determining bicycle infrastructure preferences—A case study of Dublin. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 17 (5):413–17. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2012.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelebi, D., A. Yörüsün, and H. Işık. 2018. Bicycle sharing system design with capacity allocations. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 114:86–98. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.05.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M., D. Wang, Y. Sun, E. O. D. Waygood, and W. Yang. 2020. A comparison of users’ characteristics between station-based bikesharing system and free-floating bikesharing system: Case study in Hangzhou, China. Transportation 47 (2):689–704. doi: 10.1007/s11116-018-9910-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, P., Q. Shen, and S. Childress. 2018. A GPS data-based analysis of built environment influences on bicyclist route preferences. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 12 (3):218–31. doi: 10.1080/15568318.2017.1349222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., A. Bouferguene, H. X. Li, H. Liu, Y. Shen, and M. Al-Hussein. 2018. Spatial gaps in urban public transport supply and demand from the perspective of sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 195:1237–48. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., J. Yu, and S. Khan. 2010. Spatial sensitivity analysis of multi-criteria weights in GIS-based land suitability evaluation. Environmental Modelling & Software 25 (12):1582–91. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cintrano, C., F. Chicano, and E. Alba. 2020. Using metaheuristics for the location of bicycle stations. Expert Systems with Applications 161:113684. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrow, L., A. T. Murray, and H. A. Fischer. 2018. An optimization approach for equitable bicycle share station siting. Journal of Transport Geography 69:163–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economist Intelligence Unit. 2009. European Green City Index. Munich, Germany: Siemens. https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:fddc99e7-5907-49aa-92c4-610c0801659e/version:1561969692/european-green-city-index.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Faghih-Imani, A., S. Anowar, E. J. Miller, and N. Eluru. 2017. Hail a cab or ride a bike? A travel time comparison of taxi and bicycle-sharing systems in New York City. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 101:11–21. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faghih-Imani, A., and N. Eluru. 2016a. Determining the role of bicycle sharing system infrastructure installation decision on usage: Case study of Montreal BIXI system. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 94:685–98. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.10.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faghih-Imani, A., and N. Eluru. 2016b. Incorporating the impact of spatio-temporal interactions on bicycle sharing system demand: A case study of New York CitiBike system. Journal of Transport Geography 54:218–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faghih-Imani, A., N. Eluru, A. M. El-Geneidy, M. Rabbat, and U. Haq. 2014. How land-use and urban form impact bicycle flows: Evidence from the bicycle-sharing system (BIXI) in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography 41:306–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.01.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furth, P. G., T. V. V. K. Putta, and P. Moser. 2018. Measuring low-stress connectivity in terms of bike-accessible jobs and potential bike-to-work trips: A case study evaluating alternative bike route alignments in northern Delaware. Journal of Transport and Land Use 11 (1):815–31. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.2018.1159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Moreno, A. E., C. Rosa-Jiménez, C. Prados-Gómez, M. J. Márquez-Ballesteros, P. Lázaro, and R. Barco. 2019. Street sections design based on real traffic data: Case study of Málaga, Spain. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 145 (4):04019010. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Palomares, J. C., J. Gutiérrez, and M. Latorre. 2012. Optimizing the location of stations in bike-sharing programs: A GIS approach. Applied Geography 35 (1–2):235–46. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrke, S. R., A. Akhavan, P. G. Furth, Q. Wang, and T. G. Reardon. 2020. A cycling-focused accessibility tool to support regional bike network connectivity. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 85:102388. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, G. P., and J. Jiao. 2019. Crowdsourcing bike share station locations. Journal of the American Planning Association 85 (1):35–48. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2018.1476174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güler, D., and T. Yomralıoğlu. 2017. Alternative suitable landfill site selection using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems: A case study in Istanbul. Environmental Earth Sciences 76 (20):678. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-7039-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guler, D., and T. Yomralioglu. 2020. Suitable location selection for the electric vehicle fast charging station with AHP and fuzzy AHP methods using GIS. Annals of GIS 26 (2):169–89. doi: 10.1080/19475683.2020.1737226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, M., R. Hurtubia, and J. de D. Ortúzar. 2020. The role of habit and the built environment in the willingness to commute by bicycle. Travel Behaviour and Society 20:62–73. doi: 10.1016/j.tbs.2020.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib, K. N., J. Mann, M. Mahmoud, and A. Weiss. 2014. Synopsis of bicycle demand in the city of Toronto: Investigating the effects of perception, consciousness and comfortability on the purpose of biking and bike ownership. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 70:67–80. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.09.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, W., and X. Ma. 2018. The state-of-the-art integrations and applications of the analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research 267 (2):399–414. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., Y. Zhang, D. Lamb, M. Zhang, and P. Jia. 2019. Examining and optimizing the BCycle bike-sharing system—A pilot study in Colorado, U.S. Applied Energy 247:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, C.-L., and Y. Kwangsun. 1981. Multiple attribute decision making methods and applications: A state-of-the-art survey. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9.
   Google Scholar
• International Energy Association. 2019. CO2 emissions from fuel combustion 2019 highlights. https://webstore.iea.org/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-2019-highlights
   Google Scholar
• INRIX. 2020. Global traffic scorecard. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://inrix.com/scorecard/
   Google Scholar
• Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. 2018. Bicycle roads. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://uym.ibb.gov.tr/services/bicycle-roads
   Google Scholar
• Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. 2020. Open data portal. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://data.ibb.gov.tr/en/
   Google Scholar
• ISPARK. 2019. ISBIKE. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://ispark.istanbul/projeler/isbike-akilli-bisiklet/
   Google Scholar
• Jain, D., and G. Tiwari. 2016. How the present would have looked like? Impact of non-motorized transport and public transport infrastructure on travel behavior, energy consumption and CO2 emissions—Delhi, Pune and Patna. Sustainable Cities and Society 22:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2016.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelokhani-Niaraki, M. 2021. Collaborative spatial multicriteria evaluation: A review and directions for future research. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 35 (1):9–34. doi: 10.1080/13658816.2020.1776870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabak, M., M. Erbaş, C. Çetinkaya, and E. Özceylan. 2018. A GIS-based MCDM approach for the evaluation of bike-share stations. Journal of Cleaner Production 201:49–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmijn, W. 2014. Linear scale transformation. In Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research, ed. A. C. Michalos, 3627–29. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3659.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, S., D. K. Wrzesinska, and C. G. Prato. 2019. Psychosocial benefits and positive mood related to habitual bicycle use. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 64:342–52. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan, P. B., and P. Jankowski. 2019. Spatial decision support systems: Three decades on. Decision Support Systems 116:64–76. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2018.10.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, P. P., and Y. D. Wong. 2013. Influence of infrastructural compatibility factors on walking and cycling route choices. Journal of Environmental Psychology 36:202–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilburne, L., and S. Tarantola. 2009. Sensitivity analysis of spatial models. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 23 (2):151–68. doi: 10.1080/13658810802094995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, J.-J., C.-T. Lin, and C.-M. Feng. 2018. Locating rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system. Transportation Planning and Technology 41 (4):402–20. doi: 10.1080/03081060.2018.1453915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., W. Y. Szeto, and J. Long. 2019. Bike network design problem with a path-size logit-based equilibrium constraint: Formulation, global optimization, and matheuristic. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 127:284–307. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loidl, M., U. Witzmann-Müller, and B. Zagel. 2019. A spatial framework for planning station-based bike sharing systems. European Transport Research Review 11 (1):1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12544-019-0347-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry, M. B., P. Furth, and T. Hadden-Loh. 2016. Prioritizing new bicycle facilities to improve low-stress network connectivity. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 86:124–40. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macioszek, E., P. Świerk, and A. Kurek. 2020. The bike-sharing system as an element of enhancing sustainable mobility—A case study based on a city in Poland. Sustainability 12 (8):3285. doi: 10.3390/su12083285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malczewski, J., and C. Rinner. 2015. Multicriteria decision analysis in geographic information science. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74757-4.
   Google Scholar
• Médard de Chardon, C., G. Caruso, and I. Thomas. 2017. Bicycle sharing system “success” determinants. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 100:202–14. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2017.04.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, X., M. Tang, H. Liao, W. Shen, and B. Lev. 2019. The state-of-the-art survey on integrations and applications of the best worst method in decision making: Why, what, what for and what’s next? Omega 87:205–25. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2019.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milakis, D., and K. Athanasopoulos. 2014. What about people in cycle network planning? Applying participative multicriteria GIS analysis in the case of the Athens metropolitan cycle network. Journal of Transport Geography 35:120–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinillo, S., M. Ruiz-Montañez, and F. Liébana-Cabanillas. 2020. User characteristics influencing use of a bicycle-sharing system integrated into an intermodal transport network in Spain. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 14 (7):513–24. doi: 10.1080/15568318.2019.1576812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. 2019. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. 2019, distributed by NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003.
   Google Scholar
• Nazmfar, H., S. Alavi, B. Feizizadeh, R. Masodifar, and A. Eshghei. 2020. Spatial analysis of security and insecurity in urban parks: A case study of Tehran, Iran. The Professional Geographer 72 (3):383–97. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2019.1696686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. 2019. Bicycle roads regulation. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/12/20191212-1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Olmos, L. E., M. S. Tadeo, D. Vlachogiannis, F. Alhasoun, X. E. Alegre, C. Ochoa, F. Targa, and M. C. González. 2020. A data science framework for planning the growth of bicycle infrastructures. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 115:102640. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2020.102640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 2018. 100-Day Executive Program. Accessed March 16, 2021. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/assets/dosya/100_GUNLUK_ICRAAT_PROGRAMI.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pritchard, R., Y. Frøyen, and B. Snizek. 2019. Bicycle level of service for route choice—A GIS evaluation of four existing indicators with empirical data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8 (5):214. doi: 10.3390/ijgi8050214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud, F., A. Faghih-Imani, and N. Eluru. 2018. Modelling bicycle availability in bicycle sharing systems: A case study from Montreal. Sustainable Cities and Society 43:32–40. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, J. 2016. Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega 64:126–30. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2015.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci, M. 2015. Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation. Research in Transportation Business & Management 15:28–38. doi: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2015.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rybarczyk, G., and C. Wu. 2010. Bicycle facility planning using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis. Applied Geography 30 (2):282–93. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saplıoğlu, M., and M. M. Aydın. 2018. Choosing safe and suitable bicycle routes to integrate cycling and public transport systems. Journal of Transport & Health 10:236–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultheiss, B., D. Goodman, L. Blackburn, A. Wood, D. Reed, and M. Elbech. 2019. Bikeway selection guide. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/43669.
   Google Scholar
• Sener, I. N., N. Eluru, and C. R. Bhat. 2009. An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas, U.S. Transportation 36 (5):511–39. doi: 10.1007/s11116-009-9201-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, L., C. Shuai, L. Jiao, Y. Tan, and X. Song. 2017. Dynamic sustainability performance during urbanization process between BRICS countries. Habitat International 60:19–33. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu, J., M. C. Chou, Q. Liu, C.-P. Teo, and I.-L. Wang. 2013. Models for effective deployment and redistribution of bicycles within public bicycle-sharing systems. Operations Research 61 (6):1346–59. doi: 10.1287/opre.2013.1215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriguera, F., and E. Jiménez-Meroño. 2020. A continuous approximation model for the optimal design of public bike-sharing systems. Sustainable Cities and Society 52:101826. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugumaran, R., and J. Degroote. 2010. Spatial decision support systems: Principles and practices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Terh, S. H., and K. Cao. 2018. GIS-MCDA based cycling paths planning: A case study in Singapore. Applied Geography 94:107–18. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teschke, K., M. A. Harris, C. C. O. Reynolds, M. Winters, S. Babul, M. Chipman, M. D. Cusimano, J. R. Brubacher, G. Hunte, S. M. Friedman, et al. 2012. Route infrastructure and the risk of injuries to bicyclists: A case-crossover study. American Journal of Public Health 102 (12):2336–43. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TurkStat. 2019. Address based population registration system. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2019. World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Weliwitiya, H., G. Rose, and M. Johnson. 2019. Bicycle train intermodality: Effects of demography, station characteristics and the built environment. Journal of Transport Geography 74:395–404. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.12.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, M., G. Davidson, D. Kao, and K. Teschke. 2011. Motivators and deterrents of bicycling: Comparing influences on decisions to ride. Transportation 38 (1):153–68. doi: 10.1007/s11116-010-9284-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yandex. 2020. Yandex maps. Accessed March 16, 2021. http://yandex.com/map
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X.-H., Z. Cheng, G. Chen, L. Wang, Z.-Y. Ruan, and Y.-J. Zheng. 2018. The impact of a public bicycle-sharing system on urban public transport networks. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 107:246–56. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2017.10.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, M., Q. Zhang, B. Wang, Y. Liang, and H. Zhang. 2019. A mixed integer linear programming model for optimal planning of bicycle sharing systems: A case study in Beijing. Sustainable Cities and Society 47:101515. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavadskas, E. K., A. Čereška, J. Matijošius, A. Rimkus, and R. Bausys. 2019. Internal combustion engine analysis of energy ecological parameters by neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA methods. Energies 12 (8):1415. doi: 10.3390/en12081415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., J. Zhang, Z. Y. Duan, and D. Bryde. 2015. Sustainable bike-sharing systems: Characteristics and commonalities across cases in urban China. Journal of Cleaner Production 97:124–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. 2016. Sustainable urbanization: A bi-dimensional matrix model. Journal of Cleaner Production 134:425–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, P., and S. Li. 2017. Bicycle-metro integration in a growing city: The determinants of cycling as a transfer mode in metro station areas in Beijing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 99:46–60. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2017.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, B., T. Liu, C. Ryan, L.-E. Wang, and D. Zhang. 2020. The satisfaction of tourists using bicycle sharing: A structural equation model—The case of Hangzhou, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28 (7):1063–82. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1720697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuo, T., and H. Wei. 2019. Bikeway prioritization to increase bicycle network connectivity and bicycle–transit connection: A multi-criteria decision analysis approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 129:52–71. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2019.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar