15
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A Review of Issues in Live Patient Simulation

Pages 99-107 | Published online: 09 Jul 2006

References

  • Adler , L. M. and Enelow , A. J. 1966 . An instrument to measure skill in diagnostic interviewing: a teaching and evaluation tool . Journal of Medical Education , 41 : 281 – 289 .
  • Adler , L. M. , Ware , J. E. and Enelow , A. J. 1970 . Changes in medical interviewing style after instruction with two closed circuit television techniques . Journal of Medical Education , 45 : 21 – 28 .
  • Aloia , J. F. and Jonas , E. 1976 . Skills in history taking and physical examination . Journal of Medical Education , 51 : 410 – 415 .
  • Barrows , H. S. 1971 . Simulated Patients , Springfield , Illinois : Charles C. Thomas .
  • Barrows , H. S. 1971 . “ (Video tape) ” . In Patient Simulation , Holland : University of Utrecht .
  • Barrows , H. S. and Bennett , K. 1972 . The diagnostic (problem solving) skill of the neurologist . Archives of Neurology , 26 : 273 – 277 .
  • Barrows , H. S. and Mitchell , D. L. M. 1975 . An innovative course in undergraduate neuroscience: experiment in problem‐based learning with ‘problem boxes’ . British Journal of Medical Education , 9 : 223 – 230 .
  • Berman , J. S. and Kenny , D. A. 1976 . Correlational bias in observer ratings . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 34 : 263 – 273 .
  • Biran , L. A. , Clarke , W. D. , Haining , W. M. , Harden , R.M. , Jolly , B. , Porteous , I. D. and Wakeford , R. E. 1976 . Self‐instruction and simulation in training users of diagnostic instruments . Aspects of Educational Technology , 10 : 59 – 67 .
  • Campbell , D. T. and Stanley , J. C. 1966 . Experimental and Quasi‐Experimental Designs for Research , Chicago : Rand McNally & Co .
  • Cronbach , L. J. , Gleser , G. C. , Nanda , H. and Rajaratnam , N. 1972 . The Dependability of Behavioural Measurements: Theory of Generalizability for Scores and Profiles , New York : Wiley .
  • Cronbach , L. J. 1970 . Essentials of Psychological Testing , (third edition) , New York : Harper International .
  • Cronbach , L. J. , Rajaratnam , N. and Gleser , G. C. 1963 . Theory of generalizability: a liberation of reliability theory . British Journal of Statistical Psychology , 32 : 137 – 163 .
  • Dudley , W. H. C. and Blanchard , E. B. 1976 . Comparison of experienced and inexperienced interviewers on objectively scored interview behaviour . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 32 : 690 – 697 .
  • Elstein , A. S. , Kagan , N. , Shulman , L. S. , Jason , H. and Loupe , M. 1972 . Methods and theory in the study of medical enquiry . Journal of Medical Education , 47 : 85 – 92 .
  • Elstein , A. S. , Shulman , L. S. and Sprafka , S. 1978 . Medical Problem Solving , London : Harvard University Press .
  • Enelow , A. J. , Adler , L. M. and Wexler , M. 1970 . Programmed instruction in interviewing: an experiment in medical education . Journal of the American Medical Association , 212 : 1843 – 1846 .
  • Engel , I.M. , Resnick , P.J. and Levine , S. B. 1976 . The use of programmed patients and video tape in teaching medical students to take a sexual history . Journal of Medical Education , 51 : 425 – 427 .
  • Fraser , N. B. and Miller , R. H. 1977 . Training practical instructors (programmed patients) to teach basic physical examination . Journal of Medical Education , 52 ( 149 )
  • Froelich , R. E. 1969 . A course in medical interviewing . Journal of Medical Education , 44 : 1165 – 1169 .
  • Gale , J. Cognitive Process in Medical Diagnosis: A Review of the Literature and a New Context . Paper read at the Annual Conference of the British Psychological Society . Exeter University , , England
  • Gale , J. Cognitive Factors in Medical Diagnosis . Paper read at the Annual Conference of the British Psychological Society . York University , , England
  • Godkins , T. R. , Duff , D. , Greenwood , J. and Stanhope , W. D. 1974 . Utilization of simulated patients to teach the ‘routine’ pelvic examination . Journal of Medical Education , 49 : 1174 – 1178 .
  • Grayson , M. , Nugent , C. and Oken , S. L. 1977 . A systematic and comprehensive approach to teaching and evaluating interpersonal skills . Journal of Medical Education , 52 : 906 – 907 .
  • Gronlund , N. E. 1970 . Stating Behavioural Objectives for Classroom Instruction , London : Collier‐Macmillan .
  • Heifer , E. , Black , M. A. and Teitelbaum , H. 1975 . Paediatric interviewing skills using real and simulated mothers . Paediatrics , 55 : 397 – 400 .
  • Heifer , R. and Hess , J. 1970 . An experimental model for making objective measurements of interviewing skills . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 26 : 327 – 331 .
  • Hermann , C. F. 1967 . Validation problems in games and simulations with special reference to models of international politics . Behavioural Science , 12 : 216 – 231 .
  • Hess , J. 1969 . A comparison of methods for evaluating medical skill in relating to patients . Journal of Medical Education , 44 : 934 – 938 .
  • Jacquez , J. A. 1964 . The Diagnostic Process , Ann Arbor , Michigan : Malloy Lithographing Inc .
  • Jason , H. , Kagan , N. , Werner , A. , Elstein , A. S. and Thomas , J. B. 1971 . New approaches to teaching basic interview skills to medical students . American Journal of Psychiatry , 127 ( 10 ) : 1404 – 1407 .
  • Johnson , G. H. , Brown , T. C. , Stenchever , M. A. , Gabert , H. A. , Poulson , A. S. and Warenski , J. C. 1975 . Teaching pelvic examination to second year medical students using programmed patients . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 121 : 714 – 717 .
  • Lamont , C. T. and Hennen , B. K. E. 1972 . The use of simulated patients in a certification examination in family medicine . Journal of Medical Education , 47 : 789 – 795 .
  • Levine , H. and McGuire , C. 1970a . The use of role‐playing to evaluate effective skills in medicine . Journal of Medical Education , 45 : 700 – 705 .
  • Levine , H. and McGuire , C. 1970b . The validity and reliability of oral examinations in assessing cognitive skills in medicine . Journal of Educational Measurement , 7 : 63 – 74 .
  • Levy , P. M. 1974 . Generalizability studies in clinical settings . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 13 : 161 – 172 .
  • Maguire , G. P. , Clarke , W. D. and Jolly , B. 1977 . An experimental comparison of three courses in history‐taking skills for medical students . Medical Education , 11 : 175 – 182 .
  • Maguire , G. P. and Rutter , D. 1976 . “ Communication between doctors and patients ” . In Training Medical Students to Communicate , Edited by: Bennett , A. E. London : Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust .
  • McGuire , C. 1974 . The role of evaluation and examinations in colleges of general practice . Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners , 24 : 766 – 777 .
  • McGuire , C. Simulation as an Evaluation Technique . Paper presented at Annual Invitational Conference of the National Board of Medical Examiners . Philadelphia .
  • McGuire , C. H. and Wezeman , F. H. 1974 . Use of Simulation in Instruction and Evaluation in Medicine , Geneva : World Health Organization .
  • Meadow , R. and Hewitt , C. 1972 . Teaching communication skills with the help of actresses and video tape simulations . British Journal of Medical Education , 6 : 317 – 322 .
  • Naftulin , D. H. , Wolkon , G. H. , Donnelly , M. A. , Burgoyne , R. W. , Kline , F. M. and Hansen , H. E. 1977 . A comparison of videotaped and live patient interview examinations and written examinations in psychiatry . American Journal of Psychiatry , 134 ( 10 ) : 1093 – 1097 .
  • Neufeld , V. R. and Spaulding , W. B. 1973 . Use of learning resources at McMaster University . British Medical Journal , 3 : 101 – 103 .
  • Palva , I. P. and Korhonen , U. 1976 . Validity and use of written simulation tests of clinical performance . Journal of Medical Education , 51 : 657 – 661 .
  • Parlett , M. and Hamilton , D. 1972 . Evaluation as Illumination: A New Approach to the Study of Innovatory Programmes , Edinburgh : Centre for Research in Educational Sciences . Occasional paper number 9
  • Rubinstein , R. R. , Niccolini , R. N. and Zara , J. 1979 . The use of live patient simulation in teaching the mental status examination to medical students . Journal of Medical Education , 54 : 663 – 665 .
  • Salomon , G. and Clark , R. E. 1975 . Re‐examining the methodology of research on media and technology in education . Review of Educational Research , 47 : 99 – 120 .
  • Sanson‐Fisher , R. W. and Poole , A. D. 1980 . Simulated patients and the assessment of medical students’ interpersonal skills . Medical Education , 14 : 249 – 253 .
  • Scott , N. C. , Donnelly , M. B. and Hess , J. W. 1975 . Changes in interviewing styles of medical students . Journal of Medical Education , 50 : 1124 – 1126 .
  • Scott , N. C. , Donnelly , M. B. , Gallagher , R. and Hess , J. W. 1973 . Interaction analysis as a method for assessing skill in relating to patients . British Journal of Medical Education , 7 : 174 – 178 .
  • Scott , N. C. , Donnelly , M. B. and Hess , J. W. 1976 . Longitudinal investigation of changes in interviewing performance of medical students . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 32 : 424 – 131 .
  • Snow , R. E. 1974 . Representative and quasi‐representative designs for research on teaching . Review of Educational Research , 44 : 265 – 291 .
  • Soule , D.J. and Gulledge , A. D. 1977 . Facilitating the learning of communications and interviewing skills . Psychosomatics , 18 ( 1 ) : 37 – 43 .
  • Stillman , P. L. , Sabers , D. L. and Redfield , D. L. 1977 . Use of trained mothers to teach interviewing skills to first year medical students: a follow‐up study . Paediatrics , 60 ( 2 ) : 165 – 169 .
  • Taylor , T. R. 1971 . Models of the Diagnostic Process , Scotland : Glasgow University . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Tinning , F. 1975 . Simulation in Medical Education , East Lansing , Michigan : Michigan State University .
  • Ware , J. E. , Adler , L. M. and Newman , H. G. 1974 . Dyad: a CCTV system with computerized coding to evaluate student performance in the clinical interview . Biomedical Communications , 2 : 8 – 13 .
  • Werner , A. and Schneider , J. M. 1974 . Teaching medical students interactional skills . New England Journal of Medicine , 290 : 1232 – 1237 .
  • Wyn Pugh , E. , Lloyd , G. J. and McIntyre , N. 1975 . Relevance of educational objectives for medical education . British Medical Journal , 3 : 688 – 691 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.