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Original Articles

Transforming scandal into tragedy: A rhetoric of political apology

Pages 289-301 | Published online: 05 Jun 2009

Notes

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  • Harrell , Jackson , Ware , B.L. and Linkugel , Wil A. 1975 . “Failure of Apology in American Politics: Nixon on Watergate” . Speech Monographs , 42 : 261
  • Wilson , Gerald L. 1976 . “A Strategy of Explanation: Richard M. Nixon's August 8, 1974, Resignation Address” . Communication Quarterly , 24 : 20
  • Martin , Howard H. 1976 . “A Generic Exploration: Staged Withdrawal, The Rhetoric of Resignation” . Central States Speech Journal , 27 : 247 – 57 .
  • Ling , David A. 1972 . “A Pentadic Analysis of Senator Edward Kennedy's Address to the People of Massachusetts, July 25, 1969” . Central States Speech Journal , 21 : 85
  • Bennett , W. Lance . 1975 . “Political Scenarios and the Nature of Politics” . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 8 : 37
  • Miller , James E. , O'Neal , Robert and McDonnell , Helen M. , eds. 1970 . “Almost any tragedy can be illuminated by viewing it in terms of the original Greek concept described by Aristotle: and action involving a nobleman who because of some ‘tragic flaw’ makes a wrong decision which leads to an unhappy catastrophe” . In Man in Literature , 572 Glehview, IL : Scott, Foreman and Co. .
  • Burke , Kenneth . 1962 . A Grammar of Motives and A Rhetoric of Motives , 465 – 84 . Cleveland : World Publishing Co. .
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  • 1961 . The Death of Tragedy , 10 New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
  • Kerr , Walter . 1967 . Tragedy and Comedy , 300 New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • 1898 . Sports and Pastimes of the English People , 235 Chatto and Windus .
  • Johnson , Gerald W. 1951 . “Dreiser and the American Tragedy” . The New Republic , 124 16 April : 26
  • Krutch , Joseph Wood . 1952 . Theatre Arts , 36 April : 30
  • 1961 . The New York Times , 12 December : 40
  • 1974 . The Presidential Transcripts: In Conjunction with the Staff of the Washington Post , 447 New York : Dell Publishing Co. .
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  • 1973 . The New York Times , 13 July : 34
  • Fisher , Walter R. 1984 . “Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Public Moral Argument” . Communication Monographs , 51 : 1 – 22 .
  • 1973 . The New York Times , 11 and 13 July
  • 1973 . Hearings Before the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the United States Senate: Watergate and Related Activities , 3129 Washington D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office . Book 8
  • Nixon , Richard . 1974 . Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary: Presidential Statements on the Watergate Break‐In and Its Investigation , Washington D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • 1973 . “Reaffirmation and Subversion of the American Dream” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 59 : 164
  • 1974 . The New York Times , 9 September : 1
  • 1975 . Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Gerald R. Ford , 102 – 03 . 101 Washington D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • “For the featuring of scene the corresponding philosophic terminology is materialism” . In A Grammar of Motives 128
  • Frost , David . 1978 . “I Gave Them A Sword”: Behind the Scenes of the Nixon Interviews , 272 269 173 274 – 75 . 276 New York : Morrow .
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  • Woodward , Bob and Bernstein , Carl . 1976 . The Final Days , 454 – 55 . New York : Simon and Schuster .
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  • Kennedy . 1969 . The New York Times , 26 July : 10
  • 1983 . The New York Times , 9 March : 23
  • 1979 . The New York Times , 9 November : 35
  • Ayres , B. Drummond . 1979 . The New York Times , 18 November : D8
  • Lapham , Lewis H. 1979 . “Edward Kennedy and the Romance of Death” . Harper's , 259 December : 33
  • Weintraub , Bernard . 1980 . The New York Times , 12 August : B14
  • 1979 . “The Legacy of Chappaquiddick” . The New York Times , 7 November : 30
  • Kissinger , Henry . 1982 . Years of Upheaval , 1212 Boston : Little, Brown and Co. .

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