Toward a Theory of Exercise Motivation

References

• Andrew , G. and Parker , J. 1979 . Factors related to dropout of post myocardial infarction patients from exercise programs . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 11 : 376 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1977 . Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change . Psychological Review , 84 : 191 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargh , J. and Gollwitzer , P. 1994 . Environmental control of goal-directed action: Automatic and strategic contingencies between situations and behavior . Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , 41 : 71 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , S. 1993 . Physical activity, physical fitness, and health . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 64 : 365 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , S. , Kohl , H. , Barlow , C. , Paffenharger , R. , Gibbons , L. and Marcera , C. 1995 . Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality, a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men . Journal of American Medical Association , 273 : 1093 – 1098 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne , A. and Byrne , G. 1993 . The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: A review . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 37 : 565 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmody , T. , Senner , J. , Malinow , M. and Matarazzo , J. 1980 . Physical exercise rehabilitation: Long-term dropout rate in cardiac patients . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 3 : 163 – 168 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis , C. , Brewer , H. and Ratusny , D. 1993 . Behavioral frequency and psychological commitment: Necessary concepts in the study of excessive exercising . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 16 : 611 – 628 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey , J. 1922 . Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology New York , NY : Holt. .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. and Ryan , R. 1987 . The support of autonomy and the control of behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 1024 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. and Ryan , R. 1991 . A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality . Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , 38 : 237 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishman , R. 1990 . “ Determinants of participation in physical activity. ” . In Exercise, fitness, and health Edited by: Bouchard , C. , Shephard , R. , Stephens , T. , Sutton , J. and McPherson , B. 75 – 101 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Dishman , R. 1988 . Exercise adherence. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. and Lehmann , A. 1996 . Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints . American Review of Psychology , 47 : 273 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein , M. and Ajzen , I. 1975 . Belief attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley. .
   Google Scholar
• Glass , T. , deLeon , C. , Marottoli , R. and Berkman , L. 1999 . Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans . British Medical Journal , 319 : 478 – 483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godin , G. , Valois , P. , Shephard , R. and Desharnais , R. 1987 . Prediction of leisure-time behavior: A path analysis (LISREL V) model . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 10 : 145 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , E. 1988 . The exercise fix . Psychology Today , 22 February : 24 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Grotevant , H. , Scarr , S. and Weinberg , R. 1977 . Patterns of interest similarity in adoptive and biological families . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 : 667 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , D. 1993 . “ Aerobic fitness and the response to psychological stress. ” . In Exercise Psychology: The influence of physical exercise on psychological processes Edited by: Seraganian , P. 39 – 63 . New York : John Wiley & Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Hull , C. 1943 . The principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior therapy. New York : Appleton-Century Crofts. .
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola , S. 1980 . The social psychology of leisure and recreation. Dubuque , LA : Wm, C. Brown. .
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola , S. 1989 . “ Motivation for leisure. ” . In Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future Edited by: Burton , T. and Jackson , E. 247 – 279 . State College , PA : Venture. .
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola , S. 1992 . “ Mental training. ” . In Medicine in sports training and coaching Edited by: Karvonen , J. , Lemon , P. and Iliev , I. 215 – 234 . Basel , , Switzerland : Karger. .
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola , S. 1997 . “ A psychological analysis of leisure and health. ” . In Work, leisure and well-being Edited by: Haworth , J. 131 – 144 . London , , UK : Routledge. .
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola , S. 1999 . “ Motivational foundations of leisure. ” . In Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century Edited by: Jackson , E. and Burton , T. 35 – 51 . State College , PA : Venture. .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , E. , Crawford , D. and Godbey , G. 1993 . Negotiation of leisure constraints . Leisure Sciences , 15 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanfer , R. 1994 . “ Motivation. ” . In The Blackwell dictionary of organizational behavior. Edited by: Nicholson , N. Oxford : Blackwell publishers. .
   Google Scholar
• Knapp , D. 1988 . “ Behavioral management techniques and exercise promotion. ” . In Exercise adherence Edited by: Dishman , R. 203 – 235 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Kobasa , S. 1979 . Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into hardiness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , I-M , Hsieh , C-C and Paffenbarger , R. 1995 . The exercise intensity and longevity in men, the Harvard Alumni health study . Journal of American Medical Association , 273 : 1179 – 1184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux , J. 1993 . Social cognitive models of health and exercise behavior: An introduction and review of conceptual issues . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 5 : 116 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , G. 1991 . Levels of analysis and personality: Lessons from the person-situation debate? . Psychological Science , 2 : 427 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massaro , D. 1991 . Psychology as a cognitive science . Psychological Science , 2 : 302 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinnis , J. 1991 . Health objectives for the nation . American Psychologist , 46 : 520 – 524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal , B. 1988 . Achieving higher seal belt usage: The role of habit in bridging the attitude-behavior gap . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 18 : 993 – 1016 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mixon , D. 1980 . The place of habit in the control of action . Journal for Theory of Social Behavior , 10 : 169 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , E. 1964 . Motivation and emotion. Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall. .
   Google Scholar
• Rotter , J. 1966 . Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement . Psychological Monographs , 80 ( 1, whole no. 609 )
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schlicht , W. 1994 . Does physical exercise reduce anxious emotions? A meta-analysis . Anxiety, Stress and Coping , 6 : 275 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surgeon General's Report . 1996 . Physical activity and health. Washington , D. C. : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. .
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H. 1977 . Interpersonal behavior. Monterey , CA : Brooks/Cole. .
   Google Scholar
• Tuson , Sinyor D. 1993 . “ On the affective benefits of acute exercise: Taking stock after twenty years of research. ” . In Exercise psychology: The influence of physical exercise on psychological processes Edited by: Seraganian , P. 80 – 121 . New York : John Wiley & Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Unger , L. and Johnson , J. 1995 . Social relationships and physical activity in health club members . American Journal of Health Promotion , 9 : 340 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallacher , R. and Wegner , D. 1987 . What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior . Psychological Review , 94 : 3 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valois , P. , Desharnais , R. and Godin , G. 1988 . A comparison of the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis attitudinal models for the prediction of exercise intention and behavior . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 11 : 459 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verplanken , B. , Aarts , H. and Van Knippenberg , A. 1994 . Attitude versus general habit: Antecedents of travel mode choice . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 285 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winett , R. 1998 . Developing more effective health-behavior programs: Analyzing the epidemiological and biological bases for activity and exercise programs . Applied & Preventive Psychology , 7 : 209 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung , R. 1996 . The acute effects of exercise on mood state . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 40 : 123 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar