Correcting the Record: A Response to Backman and Barker (2020)

References

• Ayvazo, S., & Ward, P. (2011). Pedagogical content knowledge of experienced teachers in physical education: Functional analysis of adaptations. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(4), 675–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayvazo, S., Ward, P., & Stuhr, P. (2010). Teaching and assessing content knowledge in preservice physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 81(4), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2010.10598463
   Google Scholar
• Backman, E., & Barker, D. (2020). Re-thinking pedagogical content knowledge for physical education teachers – Implications for physical education teacher education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(5), 451–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1734554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59, 389–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487108324554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, S. H., Ward, P., & Goodway, J. D. (2020). The effect of a content knowledge teacher professional workshop on enacted pedagogical content knowledge and student learning in a throwing unit. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(5), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1743252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, J., Heron, T., & Heward, W. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Darling-Hammond, L., & Bransford, J. (2005). Preparing teachers for a changing world: What teachers should learn and be able to do. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Dervent, F., Devrilmez, E., Ince, M. L., & Ward, P. (2018). Reliability and validity of football common content knowledge test for physical education teachers. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Science, 29(1), 39–52.
   Google Scholar
• Dervent, F., Ward, P., Devrilmez, E., & Ince, M. L. (2020). A national analysis of the content knowledge of Turkish physical education teacher education students. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(6), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1779682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dervent, F., Ward, P., Devrilmez, E., & Tsuda, E. (2018). Transfer of content development across practica in physical education teacher education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(4), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devrilmez, E., Dervent, F., Ward, P., & Ince, M. L. (2019). A test of common content knowledge for gymnastics: A Rasch analysis. European Physical Education Review, 25(2), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17751232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, W. (1986). Classroom organization and management. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 392–431). Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hastie, P., & Siedentop, D. (2006). The classroom ecology paradigm. In D. Kirk, D. MacDonald, & M. O’Sullivan (Eds.), The handbook of physical education (pp. 214–225). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• He, Y., Ward, P., & Wang, X. (2018). Validation of a common content knowledge test for soccer. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(4), 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iserbyt, P., Coolkens, R., Loockx, J., Vanluyten, K., Martens, J., & Ward, P. (2020). Task adaptations as a function of content knowledge: A functional analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 91(4), 539–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1687809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iserbyt, P., Theys, L., Ward, P., & Charlier, N. (2017). The effect of a specialized content knowledge workshop on teaching and learning basic life support in elementary school: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation, 112, 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.11.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iserbyt, P., Ward, P., & Li, W. (2017). Effects of improved content knowledge on pedagogical content knowledge and student performance in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 22(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1095868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iserbyt, P., Ward, P., & Martens, J. (2016). The influence of content knowledge on teaching and learning in traditional and sport education contexts: An exploratory study. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(5), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1050662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, I. (2015). Exploring changes to a teacher’s teaching practices and student learning through a volleyball content knowledge workshop. European Physical Education Review, 22(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X15599009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, I., & Ko, B. (2017). Measuring preservice teachers’ knowledge of instructional tasks for teaching elementary content. The Physical Educator, 74(2), 296–314. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2017-V74-I2-7366
   Google Scholar
• Kim, I., & Ko, B. (2020). Content knowledge, enacted pedagogical content knowledge, and student performance between teachers with different levels of content expertise. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, I., Ward, P., Sinelnikov, O., Ko, B., Iserbyt, P., Li, W., & Curtner-Smith, M. (2018). The influence of content knowledge on pedagogical content knowledge: An evidence-based practice for physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lawson, H. A. (2009). Paradigms, exemplars and social change. Sport, Education and Society, 14(1), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573320802615247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., Ko, B., Ward, P., Lee, T., Higginson, K., He, Y., & Lee, Y. (2018). Development and validation of common content knowledge test for soccer. Korean Journal of Sports Science, 29(4), 650–662. https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2018.29.4.650
   Google Scholar
• Rovegno, I. (1995). Theoretical perspectives on knowledge and learning and a student teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge of dividing and sequencing subject matter. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 14(3), 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.14.3.284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinelnikov, O., Kim, I., Ward, P., Curtner-Smith, M., & Li, W. (2016). Changing beginning teachers’ content knowledge and its effect on student learning. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(4), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1043255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner, B. F. (1974). About Behaviorism. Knopf.
   Google Scholar
• Stefanou, L., Tsangaridou, N., Charalambous, Y. C., & Kyriakides, L. (2020). Examining the contribution of a professional development program to elementary classroom teachers’ content knowledge and student achievement: The case of basketball. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stigler, J., & Miller, K. (2018). Expertise and expert performance in teaching. In K. Ericsson, R. Hoffman, A. Kozbelt, & A. Williams (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 431–452). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316480748.024.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuda, E., Ward, P., Li, Y., Higginson, K., Cho, K., He, Y., & Su, J. (2019). Content knowledge acquisition in physical education: Evidence from knowing and performing by majors and nonmajors. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 38(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda, E., Ward, P., Yoshino, S., Ogiwara, T., He, Y., & Ohnishi, Y. (2019). Validity and reliability of a volleyball common content knowledge test for Japanese physical education preservice teachers. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 17, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.5432/ijshs.201916
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2009). Content matters: Knowledge that alters teaching. In L. Housner, M. Metzler, P. Schempp, & T. Templin (Eds.), Historic traditions and future directions of research on teaching and teacher education in physical education (pp. 345–356). Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2011). The future direction of physical education teacher education: It’s all in the details. Japanese Journal of Sport Education Studies, 30(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.7219/jjses.30.2_63
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2013). The role of content knowledge in conceptions of teaching effectiveness in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(4), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2013.844045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2014). A response to the conversations on effective teaching in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(3), 293–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2016). Policies, agendas and practices influencing doctoral education in physical education teacher education. Quest, 68(4), 420–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1234964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P. (2020). Core practices for teaching physical education: Recommendations for teacher education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 40(1), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2019-0114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., & Ayvazo, S. (2016). Pedagogical content knowledge: Conceptions and findings in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(3), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Ayvazo, S., Dervent, F., Iserbyt, P., & Kim, I. (2020). Instructional progression and the role of working models in physical education. Quest, 72(4), 410–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2020.1766521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Chen, Y., Higginson, K., & Xie, X. (2018). Teaching rehearsals and repeated teaching: Practiced-based physical education teacher education pedagogies. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 89, 20–25.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Dervent, F., Lee, Y. S., Ko, B., Kim, I., & Tao, W. (2017). Using content maps to measure content development in physical education: Validation and application. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., He, Y., Wang, X., & Li, W. (2018). Chinese secondary physical education teachers’ depth of specialized content knowledge in soccer. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Kim, I., Ko, B., & Li, W. (2015). Effects of improving teachers’ content knowledge on teaching and student learning in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 86(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.987908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., & Lehwald, H. (2018). Effective physical education content and instruction. Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Lehwald, H., & Lee, Y. S. (2015). Content maps: A teaching and assessment tool for content knowledge. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 86(5), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2015.1022675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Li, W., Kim, I., & Lee, Y. S. (2012). Content knowledge courses in physical education programs in South Korea and Ohio. International Journal of Human Movement Science, 6(1), 107–120.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Piltz, W., & Lehwald, H. (2018). Unpacking games teaching: What do teachers need to know? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 89(4), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2018.1430626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P., Tsuda, E., Dervent, F., & Devrilmez, E. (2018). Differences in the content knowledge of those taught to teach and those taught to play. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• What Works Clearinghouse. (2020). Resources. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/Resources
   Google Scholar