Motivational Determinants of College Students’ Engagement in Physical Activity: Examination of the Role of Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, and Persistence

References

• Alpkaya, U. (2019). The effect of physical activity on social physique anxiety and academic achievement in the 8th grade secondary school students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070309
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. (2019). American college health association-national college health assessment II: Reference group executive summary Spring 2019. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazendale, K., Graves, B. S., Penhollow, T., Whitehurst, M., Pittinger, E., & Randel, P. E. (2015). Children’s enjoyment and perceived competence in physical education and physical activity participation outside of school. Emotional & Behavioral Disorders in Youth, 15(3), 65–69.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Brubacher, M. R., & Silinda, F. T. (2019). Enjoyment and not competence predicts academic persistence for distance education students. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(3), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i4.4325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairney, J., Kwan, M. Y. W., Velduizen, S., Hay, J., Bray, S. R., & Faught, B. E. (2012). Gender, perceived competence and the enjoyment of physical education in children: A longitudinal examination. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(26), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carroll, B., & Loumidis, J. (2001). Children’s perceived competence and enjoyment in physical education and physical activity outside school. European Physical Education Review, 7(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X010071005
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 46(RR–6), 1–35. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1997.tb06307.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Trends in leisure-time physical inactivity by age, sex, and race/ethnicity–United States, 1994-2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54(39), 991–994. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23316683?seq=1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Benefits of physical activity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberline, A., Judge, L. W., Walsh, A., & Hensley, L. D. (2018). Relationship of enjoyment, perceived competence, and cardiorespiratory fitness to physical activity levels of elementary school children. Physical Educator, 75(3), 394–413. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2018-v75-I3-8161
   Google Scholar
• Ersoz, G. (2016). An examination of motivational regulations, dispositional flow and social physique anxiety among college students for exercise: A self-determination theory approach. College Student Journal, 50(2), 159–170.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough, S. (2003). Physical activity, perceived competence and enjoyment during high school physical education. European Journal of Physical Education, 8(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898030080102
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, Z. (2008). Perceived competence and enjoyment in predicting students’ physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 107(2), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.2.365-372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Z. (2011). Effect of learning activity on students’ motivation, physical activity levels and effort/persistence. Journal of Research, 6(1), 27–33.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, Z., Xiang, P., Lochbaum, M., & Guan, J. (2013). The impact of achievement goals on cardiorespiratory fitness: Does self-efficacy make a difference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(3), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2013.814908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghorbani, S., Noohpisheh, S., & Shakki, M. (2020). Gender differences in the relationship between perceived competence and physical activity in middle school students: Mediating role of enjoyment. International Journal School Health, 7(2), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.30476/intjsh.2020.85668.1056
   Google Scholar
• Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10(3), 141–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan, J., Xiang, P., Keating, X. D., & Land, W. (2020). College students’ achievement goals, social goals, and self-reported persistence in physical activity class settings. Quest, 72(4), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2020.1801472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan, J., Xiang, P., McBride, R., & Bruene, A. (2006). Achievement goals, social goals, and students’ reported persistence and effort in high school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 25(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.25.1.58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger, M. S., & Stevenson, A. (2010). Social physique anxiety and physical self-esteem: Gender and age effects. Psychology & Health, 25(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903160990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardre, P. L., & Reeve, J. (2003). A motivational model of rural students’ intentions to persist in, versus drop out of, high school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskell, W. L., Lee, I. M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., Macera, C. A., Heath, G. W., Thompson, P. D., & Bauman, A. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(8), 1423–1434. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, T. S. (2004). Developmental perspectives on self-perceptions in children and adolescents. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 101–143). Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Kalaja, S., Jaakkola, T., Liukkonen, J., & Watt, A. (2010). The role of gender, enjoyment, perceived physical activity competence, and fundamental movement skills as correlates of the physical activity engagement of Finnish physical education students. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum, 1, 69–87.
   Google Scholar
• Keating, X. D., Zhou, K., Liu, X., Hodges, M., Liu, J., Guan, J., Phelps, A., & Castro-Pinero, J. (2019). A systematic review of reliability, validity, and utility of global physical activity questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy, A. C. (2011). Measurement and evaluation in physical education and exercise science (6th ed.). Benjamin Cummings.
   Google Scholar
• Lavie, C. J., Carbone, S., Kachur, S., OʼKeefe, E. L., & Elagizi, A. (2019). Effects of physical activity, exercise, and fitness on obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 18(8), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, G. L., Vallerand, R. J., & Miquelon, P. (2007). A motivational model of persistence in science education: A self-determination theory approach. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22(3), 351–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu, M., & Gill, D. L. (2011). Perceived physical competence, enjoyment, and effort in same-sex and coeducational physical education classes. Educational Psychology, 31(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.545105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. B., Greene, B. A., Montalvo, G. P., Ravindran, B., & Nichols 2, J. D. (1996). Engagement in academic work: The role of learning goals, future consequences, pleasing others, and perceived ability. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21(4), 388–422. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1996.0028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow, J. R., Jr., Jackson, A. W., Disch, J. G., & Mood, D. P. (2005). Measurement and evaluation in human performance (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Niven, A., Fawkner, S., Knowles, A. M., Henretty, J., & Stephenson, C. (2009). Social physique anxiety and physical activity in early adolescent girls: The influence of maturation and physical activity motives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(3), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802578164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson, C. L. (1979). Practical considerations in choosing a MANOVA test statistic: A rejoinder to Stevens. Psychological Bulletin, 86(6), 1350–1352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.6.1350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J., & Taylor, W. C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), 963–975. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200005000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shangguan, R., Keating, X. D., Liu, X., & Fan, Y. (2018). Examining Chinese university administrators’ physical activity: A path analysis. International Journal of Health Education & Promotion, 56(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2017.1403292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, B., Centeio, E., Garn, A., Martin, J., Kulik, N., Somers, C., & McCaughtry, N. (2016). Parental social support, perceived competence and enjoyment in school physical activity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. L., Harrison, P. R., & Bryant, F. B. (2014). Enjoyment. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_881
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wersch, A., Trew, K., & Turner, I. (1990). Pupils’ perceived physical competence and its implications for the new PE curriculum. British Journal of Physical Education Research, Supplement, 7, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Wallhead, T. L., & Buckworth, J. (2004). The role of physical education in the promotion of youth physical activity. Quest, 56(3), 285–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2004.10491827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton, D. E. R., Nichol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar